Endogenous interferences in clinical laboratory tests: icteric, lipemic and turbid samples
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| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Berlin [u.a.]
De Gruyter
2013
|
| Series: | Patient safety
5 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Physical Description: | XII, 143 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9783110266207 |
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MARC
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| adam_text | Contents
Preface
—
vii
1
Accuracy Goals for Laboratory Tests
— 1
1.1
Accuracy and Precision
— 1
1.1.1
Definition
— 1
1.1.2
Imprecision as a Form of Error
-----2
1.2
Types of Error
-----2
1.2.1
Bias
-----2
1.2.2
Impact of Bias
— 4
1.3
Interference as a Type of Bias
-----6
1.4
References
— 8
2
Nature of Interferences
—11
2.1
Definition
-----11
2.2
Nature of Interferences
—11
2.3
Instrumentation
-----12
2.4
The Chemistry of the Absorbance of Light
-----15
2.5
References
-----20
3
The Nature of Icteric Interference
— 21
3.1
Source Information on
Bilirubin
Interference
— 21
3.2
Allen Correction as a Source of
Bilirubin
Interference
-----21
3.3
Bilirubin
Interference with Oximetry
-----22
3.3.1
Co-oximetry Interference
-----24
3.3.2
Pulse Oximetry
-----25
3.3.3
Cerebral Oximetry
-----26
3.3.4
Interference with Methemoglobin
-----27
3.4
Chemical Reactions as a Cause of
Bilirubin
Interference
-----28
3.4.1
Bilirubin
Reaction with Creatinine Methods
-----29
3.4.2
Bilirubin
Reactions with Peroxidase Methods
-----31
3.5
References
-----32
4
The Nature of Lipemic and Turbidity Interferences
-----35
4.1
Types of Interferences
-----35
4.2
Lipemia Causes Turbidity
-----36
4.3
Lipemia Interference Mechanisms
-----37
4.3.1
Light Scattering
-----37
4.3.2
Lipoprotein Particles
-----40
4.3.3
Intralipid* and Lipemia Simulation
-----42
4.3.4
Empirical Studies in Lipemia Turbidity
-----43
Χ
------ Contents
4.4 Lipoprotein
Particles and Lipemia
-----44
4.5
References
-----45
5
Measurement of Interference
-----47
5.1
A Typical Commercial Study
-----47
5.2
Guidelines for Interference Studies
-----48
5.3
Bilirubin
-----49
5.4
Intralipid®
-----50
5.5
Procedure to Make Five Concentrations
-----52
5.6
Interference Criteria
-----52
5.7
Data Analysis
-----54
5.8
References
-----60
6
Origin of Icteric Samples
-----63
6.1
The Origin of
Bilirubin
-----63
6.2
Bilirubin
Toxicity-----
65
6.3
Transport of
Bilirubin
in the Blood
-----65
6.4
Uptake of
Bilirubin
by the Liver
-----66
6.5
Clinical Aspects of
Bilirubin
-----66
6.6
Neonatal Jaundice
-----67
6.7
Cholestasis
-----69
6.8
Hepatitis
-----70
6.9
Alcoholic Liver Disease
-----70
6.10
Hemolysis
-----71
6.11
Drug Induced Hyperbilirubinemia
-----71
6.12
Summary
-----72
6.13
References
-----72
7
Impact of Icterus
-----75
7.1
Introduction
-----75
7.2
Estimated Impacts Based on Interference Studies
-----75
7.3
Differential Interference with Different
Bilirubin
Isoforms-----
77
7.4
Non-spectrophotometric Icterus Interference
-----79
7.5
Resolving Icterus Interference
-----80
7.6
Summary
-----81
7.7
References
-----81
8
Origin of Lipemia and Turbidity
-----83
8.1
Lipoprotein Pathways
-----83
8.2
Classification of Hypertriglyceridemia
-----85
8.2.1
Frederickson Classification of Dyslipidemias
-----85
8.2.2
Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes
-----87
Contents ----- xi
8.2.3
Alcohol
----88
8.2.4
Nonalcoholic Fatty-liver Disorder
----89
8.2.5
Medications
----89
8.2.6 HIV
Infection
----89
8.2.7
Renal Disease
-----90
8.3
References
----91
9
Impact of Lipemia/Turbidity
----93
9.1
Introduction
----93
9.2
Estimated Impacts Based on Interference Studies
----95
9.2.1
Interference by Light Scattering
----95
9.2.2
Interference by Volume Displacement
----96
9.2.3
Interference by
Lipid
Partitioning
----99
9.3
Summary
----99
9.4
References
----99
10
Endogenous Interferences in Clinical Laboratory Tests: Icteric, Lipemic and
Turbid Samples
----101
10.1
Interference Indices
----101
10.2
Generating Interference Indices
----101
10.2.1
Preparation of Standards
----102
10.2.2
Data Collection and Deconvolution of Non-Target Interferences
----103
10.2.2.1
Subtraction Using Selected Wavelengths
----104
10.2.2.2
Index Calculation Using Derivative Spectrometry
----105
10.2.3
Establishing Indices and Defining Ranges
----107
10.3
Limitations
----110
10.4
Summary
----110
10.5
References
----
111
11
Reporting of Results
----113
11.1
Introduction
—113
11.2
Procedures for Handling Samples with Interference Within the
Laboratory
----113
11.3
Reporting of Results in Icteric and Turbid Samples
----115
11.4
Autoverification and Reporting Algorithms
----116
11.5
Practical Issues: Education and Implementation
----117
11.6
References
----118
12
Analyte-dependent Interference
----119
12.1
Complex Interferences
----119
12.1.1
Model for Analyte-dependent Interference
----120
12.1.2
Examples of Analyte-Dependent Interference
----121
XU ------ Contents
12.2
Statistical Testing for Significance
-----129
12.3
Failure to Design the Interference Study
-----133
12.4
Advantages of Using Multiple Regression Analysis
-----133
12.5
Concluding Remarks
-----135
12.6
References
-----137
Index
—139
The goal of clinical laboratories is to produce accurate information for clinical decision
making in medicine. More than half of the medical decisions made depend on clinical
laboratory tests.
Patient safety represents an important and critical problem for laboratories. They
need to assure that the information they deliver to physicians is accurate, and
therefore safe for clinicians to use. Endogenous compounds can interfere with
laboratory tests, decreasing accuracy and threatening patient safety. Elevated
bilirubin
(bilirubinemia) and elevated lipids (lipemia) are common conditions that
cause significant interferences with laboratory results. Clinicians depend on labora¬
tories to detect these endogenous interferences. Laboratories must have a means to
detect these endogenous interferences, make decisions about reporting results, and
evaluate their impact.
Most clinical pathology books provide only an abbreviated introduction to the subject,
or provide a long list of references, without the necessary foundation for evaluating
their significance. Package inserts typically provide scant information. This book
provides the empirical and theoretical foundation for these interferences, describes
the clinical settings where they occur, and explains their evaluation and detection,
allowing the laboratory to interpret the available data on interferences and make the
appropriate decision to effectively report test results while protecting patient safety.
►
Offers the proper approach to evaluating the impact of bilirubinemia and lipemia
on clinical laboratory results
►
Provides the empirical and theoretical foundation for evaluating the effect
of bilirubinemia and lipemia on clinical laboratory test results
THE SERIES: PATIENT SAFETY
Patient Safety is a series of books that is concerned with the relevant and promising
area of patient safety and quality assurance. Medical errors occur in ail areas of
medicine like medical examination, diagnosis and treatment, and pose a direct threat
to patient safety. The clinical laboratory is an integral part of care, and the results
of analytics are an essential component of informed decision-making for clinicians.
Efforts to avoid laboratory errors, especially minimizing
pre-
and post-analytical
errors, are in the responsibility of laboratory professionals. The book series will help
disclose errors in laboratories and hospitals to build a culture of safety and to protect
patients from any harm.
|
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| language | English |
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| spelling | Kroll, Martin H. Verfasser aut Endogenous interferences in clinical laboratory tests icteric, lipemic and turbid samples Martin H. Kroll ; Christopher R. McCudden Berlin [u.a.] De Gruyter 2013 XII, 143 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Patient safety 5 Wechselwirkung (DE-588)4064937-4 gnd rswk-swf Klinische Chemie (DE-588)4135255-5 gnd rswk-swf Messfehler (DE-588)4133270-2 gnd rswk-swf Endogene Substanz (DE-588)4521803-1 gnd rswk-swf Klinische Chemie (DE-588)4135255-5 s Endogene Substanz (DE-588)4521803-1 s Wechselwirkung (DE-588)4064937-4 s Messfehler (DE-588)4133270-2 s DE-604 McCudden, Christopher R. Verfasser aut Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-3-11-026622-1 Patient safety 5 (DE-604)BV039154139 5 Digitalisierung UB Regensburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024171878&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Regensburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024171878&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext |
| spellingShingle | Kroll, Martin H. McCudden, Christopher R. Endogenous interferences in clinical laboratory tests icteric, lipemic and turbid samples Patient safety Wechselwirkung (DE-588)4064937-4 gnd Klinische Chemie (DE-588)4135255-5 gnd Messfehler (DE-588)4133270-2 gnd Endogene Substanz (DE-588)4521803-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4064937-4 (DE-588)4135255-5 (DE-588)4133270-2 (DE-588)4521803-1 |
| title | Endogenous interferences in clinical laboratory tests icteric, lipemic and turbid samples |
| title_auth | Endogenous interferences in clinical laboratory tests icteric, lipemic and turbid samples |
| title_exact_search | Endogenous interferences in clinical laboratory tests icteric, lipemic and turbid samples |
| title_full | Endogenous interferences in clinical laboratory tests icteric, lipemic and turbid samples Martin H. Kroll ; Christopher R. McCudden |
| title_fullStr | Endogenous interferences in clinical laboratory tests icteric, lipemic and turbid samples Martin H. Kroll ; Christopher R. McCudden |
| title_full_unstemmed | Endogenous interferences in clinical laboratory tests icteric, lipemic and turbid samples Martin H. Kroll ; Christopher R. McCudden |
| title_short | Endogenous interferences in clinical laboratory tests |
| title_sort | endogenous interferences in clinical laboratory tests icteric lipemic and turbid samples |
| title_sub | icteric, lipemic and turbid samples |
| topic | Wechselwirkung (DE-588)4064937-4 gnd Klinische Chemie (DE-588)4135255-5 gnd Messfehler (DE-588)4133270-2 gnd Endogene Substanz (DE-588)4521803-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Wechselwirkung Klinische Chemie Messfehler Endogene Substanz |
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| volume_link | (DE-604)BV039154139 |
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