The grammar of polarity: pragmatics, sensitivity, and the logic of scales
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| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Cambridge [u.a.]
Cambridge Univ. Press
2011
|
| Edition: | 1. publ. |
| Series: | Cambridge studies in linguistics
127 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Item Description: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Physical Description: | XVII, 292 S. graph.Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9780521792400 |
Staff View
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | Titel: The grammar of polarity
Autor: Israel, Michael
Jahr: 2011
Contents
List of figures page xii
List of tables xiii
Acknowledgments xiv
List of abbreviations xvi
1 Trivium pursuits 1
1.1 As above, so below 1
1.2 A quirk of grammar or a trick of thought? 2
1.3 The hypothesis: sensitivity as lexical pragmatics 7
1.4 Putting pragmatics in its place 10
1.5 Pragmatics in a usage-based grammar 14
2 Ex nihilo: the grammar of polarity 20
2.1 The simplicity of negation 20
2.2 The complexity of polarity 21
2.3 The phenomenon of polarity sensitivity 26
2.4 Basic mysteries: three problems of polarity sensitivity 30
2.5 Varieties of polarity sensitivity 37
2.6 The Scalar Model of polarity sensitivity 47
3 Licensing and the logic of scalar models 48
3.1 What is a polarity context? 48
3.2 Fauconnier s insight 49
3.3 The natural logic of scalar models 51
3.4 Affectivity as a mode of scalar construal 61
3.5 Syntactic constraints on scalar contruals 70
3.6 Polarity contexts are mental spaces 78
4 Sensitivity as inherent scalar semantics 79
4.1 Scalar operators 79
4.2 Two scalar properties 81
x Contents
4.3 Four sorts of polarity items 85
4.4 Sensitivity and the square of oppositions 92
4.5 The conspiracy theory of polarity licensing 93
4.6 The anomaly of inverted polarity items 95
5 The elements of sensitivity 104
5.1 The Informativity Hypothesis 104
5.2 Quantitative semantics 105
5.3 The pragmatics of informativity 109
5.4 Assessing informativity 116
5.5 Rhetorical coherence in polarity contexts 120
5.6 Compositional sensitivities 121
6 The scalar lexicon 126
6.1 Paradigmatic predictions of the Scalar Model 126
6.2 Modal polarity items 127
6.3 Connective polarity items 142
6.4 Aspectual polarity items 151
6.5 The limits of diversity 161
7 The family of English indefinite polarity items 163
7.1 The many splendors of any 163
7.2 Indefinite family resemblances 164
7.3 Emphatic construals of indefinite any 168
7.4 The effects of phantom reference 180
7.5 Some uses of some 188
7.6 The limits of free choice 196
7.7 Indefinite conclusions 200
8 Polarity and the architecture of grammar 202
8.1 High stakes grammar 202
8.2 Terms of the debate 203
8.3 The syntactic approach 206
8.4 Semantic approaches 212
8.5 Toward a more pragmatic approach 227
9 The pragmatics of polarity licensing 233
9.1 Affectivity reconsidered 233
9.2 Scalar consonai 235
9.3 Logical conditions are not sufficient 237
9.4 Logical conditions are not necessary 243
Contents xi
9.5 Rhetorical coherence 250
9.6 Affectivity reclaimed 254
10 Visions and revisions 256
Appendix: A catalogue of English polarity items 258
Notes 267
References 270
General index 285
Person index 290
Many, and perhaps all, languages include constructions which are sensitive to the expression of polarity: that is, negative polarity items, which cannot occur in affirmative clauses, and positive polarity items, which cannot occur in negatives. Although relatively unknown outside of linguistics, the phenomenon of polarity sensitivity has been an important source of evidence for theories about the mental architecture of grammar over the last fifty years, and to many the oddly dysfunctional sensitivities of polarity items have seemed to support a view of grammar as an encapsulated mental module fundamentally unrelated to other aspects of human cognition or communicative behavior. This book draws on insights from coenitive/functional linguistics and formal semantics to argue that.
C? • CO* O
on the contrary , the grammar of sensitivity is grounded in a very genera! human cognitive ability to form categories and draw inferences based on scalar alternatives, and in the ways this ability is deployed for rhetorical effects in ordinary interpersonal communication. The book surveys a wide variety of polarity items, both negative and positive, commonly found in English and other languages and shows that grammatical sensitivities arise rep-iiiarlv and onlv in semantic d
|
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| discipline | Sprachwissenschaft Literaturwissenschaft |
| edition | 1. publ. |
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| id | DE-604.BV037480485 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T23:25:03Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780521792400 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2010051866 |
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| physical | XVII, 292 S. graph.Darst. |
| publishDate | 2011 |
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| publisher | Cambridge Univ. Press |
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| series | Cambridge studies in linguistics |
| series2 | Cambridge studies in linguistics |
| spelling | Israel, Michael Verfasser aut The grammar of polarity pragmatics, sensitivity, and the logic of scales Michael Israel 1. publ. Cambridge [u.a.] Cambridge Univ. Press 2011 XVII, 292 S. graph.Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Cambridge studies in linguistics 127 Includes bibliographical references and index Grammatik Polarity (Linguistics) Grammar, Comparative and general Negatives Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax Semantics Pragmatik (DE-588)4076315-8 gnd rswk-swf Polarität (DE-588)4126483-6 gnd rswk-swf Pragmatik (DE-588)4076315-8 s Polarität (DE-588)4126483-6 s DE-604 Cambridge studies in linguistics 127 (DE-604)BV000000639 127 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=022632074&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Augsburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=022632074&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext |
| spellingShingle | Israel, Michael The grammar of polarity pragmatics, sensitivity, and the logic of scales Cambridge studies in linguistics Grammatik Polarity (Linguistics) Grammar, Comparative and general Negatives Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax Semantics Pragmatik (DE-588)4076315-8 gnd Polarität (DE-588)4126483-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4076315-8 (DE-588)4126483-6 |
| title | The grammar of polarity pragmatics, sensitivity, and the logic of scales |
| title_auth | The grammar of polarity pragmatics, sensitivity, and the logic of scales |
| title_exact_search | The grammar of polarity pragmatics, sensitivity, and the logic of scales |
| title_full | The grammar of polarity pragmatics, sensitivity, and the logic of scales Michael Israel |
| title_fullStr | The grammar of polarity pragmatics, sensitivity, and the logic of scales Michael Israel |
| title_full_unstemmed | The grammar of polarity pragmatics, sensitivity, and the logic of scales Michael Israel |
| title_short | The grammar of polarity |
| title_sort | the grammar of polarity pragmatics sensitivity and the logic of scales |
| title_sub | pragmatics, sensitivity, and the logic of scales |
| topic | Grammatik Polarity (Linguistics) Grammar, Comparative and general Negatives Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax Semantics Pragmatik (DE-588)4076315-8 gnd Polarität (DE-588)4126483-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Grammatik Polarity (Linguistics) Grammar, Comparative and general Negatives Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax Semantics Pragmatik Polarität |
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