Understanding Syntax:
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
London
Hodder Education
2011
|
| Edition: | 3. ed. |
| Series: | Understanding language series
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XIV, 312 S. |
| ISBN: | 9781444112054 |
Staff View
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804145771964006400 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Acknowledgements
xi
Note
to the instructor
xii
Note to the student
xiii
List of abbreviations used in examples
xv
List of tables
xvi
1
What is syntax?
1
1.1
Some concepts and misconceptions
1
1.1.1
What is the study of syntax about?
1
1.1.2
Language change
7
1.2
Use of linguistic examples
11
1.2.1
Why not just use examples from English?
11
1.2.2
How to read linguistic examples
13
1.3
Why do languages have syntax?
19
1.3.1
Word order
19
1.3.2
Promotion and demotion processes
22
1.3.3
All languages have structure
24
Further reading
26
Exercises
26
2
Words belong to different classes
32
2.1
Identifying word classes
32
2.1.1
How can we tell that words belong to different classes?
32
2.1.2
Starting to identify nouns, adjectives and verbs
33
2.1.3
An illustration: How do speakers of a language identify word
classes?
36
2.2
Verbs
39
2.2.1
An introduction to verb classes
39
2.2.2
Verbs and their grammatical categories
41
2.3
Nouns
46
2.3.1
Semantic roles for noun phrases
46
2.3.2
Syntactic roles for noun phrases
47
2.3.3
Nouns and their grammatical categories
50
2.3.4
Nouns, definiteness and determiners
53
2.4
Adjectives
56
2.4.1
Positions and functions of adjectives
56
2.4.2
Adjectives and intensifiers
57
2.4.3
Adjectives and their grammatical categories
58
2.4.4
Are adjectives essential?
58
Contents
2.5 Adverbs 61
2.5.1 Adverbs and
adjectives
61
2.5.2
The adjunct function
63
2.6
Prepositions
63
2.6.1
Identifying prepositions in English
63
2.6.2
Postpositions
65
2.6.3
Grammatical categories for adpositions
65
2.7
Conclusion
66
Further reading
67
Exercises
67
3
Looking inside sentences
73
3.1
Finiteness and auxiliaries
73
3.1.1
Independent clauses
73
3.1.2
Finiteness
74
3.1.3
Main verbs and verbal auxiliaries
76
3.1.4
Ways to express the grammatical categories for verbs
78
3.1.5
Non-finite verbs
80
3.1.6
Co-ordination of clauses
83
3.1.7
Summary
84
3.2
Introduction to subordination
84
3.2.1
Complement clauses
84
3.2.2
Adjunct or adverbial clauses
87
3.2.3
Identifying subordinate clauses
88
3.2.4
Root and subordinate clauses: Some distinctions
89
3.2.5
Some cross-linguistic variation in subordination
92
3.2.6
Summary: Properties of subordinate clauses and root clauses
93
3.3
Major cross-linguistic variations
94
3.3.1
The co-ordination strategy
94
3.3.2
Nominalization
95
3.3.3
Serial verbs
96
3.3.4
Summary
99
Further reading
99
Exercises
100
4
Heads and their dependents
108
4.1
Heads and their dependents
108
4.1.1
What is a head?
108
4.1.2
The influence of heads on their dependents
109
4.1.3
Summary: The properties of heads
Ш
4.1.4
More about dependents: Adjuncts and complements
Ш
4.1.5
More about verb classes: Verbs and their complements
114
4.1.6
Other heads and their complements
116
4.1.7
Summary: The main properties of complements vs. adjuncts
117
4.1.8
Is the noun phrase really a determiner phrase?
118
4.1.9
Phrases within phrases
119
Contents
IX
4.2
Where does the head occur
in
a phrase?
Head-initial and head-final languages
120
4.2.1
Head-initial languages
120
4.2.2
Head-final languages
121
4.2.3
An exercise on head-initial and head-final constructions
122
4.3
Head-marking and dependent-marking languages
123
4.3.1
Definitions and illustrations: Syntactic relationships between
heads and dependents
123
4.3.2
Head preposition/postposition and its NP object
124
4.3.3
The clause: A head verb and the arguments of the verb
126
4.3.4
Head noun and dependent possessor NP
128
4.3.5
Head noun and dependent AP
129
4.3.6
An exercise on head-marking and dependent-marking
130
4.3.7
Some typological distinctions between languages
132
4.3.8
Summary
134
Further reading
134
Exercises
135
How do we identify constituents?
141
5.1
Discovering the structure of sentences
141
5.1.1
Evidence of structure in sentences
141
5.1.2
Some syntactic tests for constituent structure
143
5.1.3
Introduction to constituent structure trees
148
5.1.4
Summary
153
5.2
Relationships within the tree
153
5.3
Developing detailed tree diagrams and tests for constituent structure
156
5.3.1
Verb classes and constituent structure tests
157
5.3.2
The co-ordination test for constituency
163
5.3.3
Do all languages have the same constituents?
165
5.4
Summary
166
Further reading
167
Exercises
167
Relationships within the clause
172
6.1
Indicating grammatical relations in the clause
172
6.2
Order of phrases within the clause
173
6.2.1
Basic and marked orders
173
6.2.2
Statistical patterns
175
6.3
Case systems
177
6.3.1
Ways of dividing core arguments
177
6.3.2
Nominative/accusative systems
179
6.3.3
Ergative/absolutive systems
180
6.3.4
Split systems I
182
6.3.5
Marked and unmarked forms
184
6.4
Agreement and cross-referencing
184
6.4.1
What does verb agreement involve?
184
6.4.2
Nominative/accusative agreement systems
185
6.4.3
Ergative/absolutive agreement systems
188
Contents
6.4.4
Split systems II
189
6.5
Grammatical relations
190
6.5.1
Investigating core grammatical relations
190
6.5.2
Subjects: Typical cross-linguistic properties
190
6.5.3
An examination of subjects in specific languages
192
6.5.4
Objects
199
6.6
Free word order: A case study
201
6.7
Summary
204
Further reading
204
Exercises
205
7
Processes that change grammatical relations
211
7.1
Passives and
impersonale
211
7.1.1
The passive construction and transitive verbs
211
7.1.2
The impersonal construction
216
7.2
The
antipassive
217
7.2.1
Basic facts
217
7.2.2
Primary grammatical relations and grammatical pivots
220
7.3
The applicative construction
225
7.4
The causative construction
229
7.5
Summary
233
Further reading
233
Exercises
234
8
lift-constructions: Questions and relative clauses
243
8.1
Wfe-questions
243
8.1.1
Languages with
wÄ-movement 243
8.1.2
Languages with w/i-in-situ
wfc-questions 247
8.1.3
Multiple wft-questions
249
8.2
Relative clauses
251
8.2.1
Relative clauses in English
251
8.2.2
Cross-linguistic variation in relative clauses
254
8.3
Focus movements and scrambling
259
8.4
Some conclusions
261
Further reading
262
Exercises
262
9
Asking questions about syntax
271
9.1
Syntactic description: What questions to investigate
271
9.2
A case study: Grammatical sketch of colloquial Welsh
274
9.3
Some questions concerning syntax
281
9.4
Last words: More syntax ahead
284
Sources of date used in examples
287
Glossary
291
References
296
Language index
304
Subject index
307
|
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| spelling | Tallerman, Maggie 1957- Verfasser (DE-588)136668801 aut Understanding Syntax Maggie Tallerman Syntax 3. ed. London Hodder Education 2011 XIV, 312 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Understanding language series Syntax (DE-588)4058779-4 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4123623-3 Lehrbuch gnd-content Syntax (DE-588)4058779-4 s DE-604 Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=022617648&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
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| title | Understanding Syntax |
| title_alt | Syntax |
| title_auth | Understanding Syntax |
| title_exact_search | Understanding Syntax |
| title_full | Understanding Syntax Maggie Tallerman |
| title_fullStr | Understanding Syntax Maggie Tallerman |
| title_full_unstemmed | Understanding Syntax Maggie Tallerman |
| title_short | Understanding Syntax |
| title_sort | understanding syntax |
| topic | Syntax (DE-588)4058779-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Syntax Lehrbuch |
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