Çështja shqiptare në Konferencën e Parisit: 1919 - 1920
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| Main Author: | |
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| Format: | Book |
| Language: | Albanian |
| Published: |
Prishtinë
Inst. Albanologjik
2010
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| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Item Description: | PST: Albanian issue in the Conference of Paris. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache |
| Physical Description: | 398 S. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 9789951411943 |
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text |
PAQYRA E LËNDËS
Parathëne
.5
RETHANAT
ТЕК
SHQIPTARËT,
PARISI
MË
1919
DHE
PROCEDÚRÁT
E KONFERENCËS
SË VERSAJËS
Rrethanat
politiko
-
shoqërore në Shqipëri në
prag
të
Konferencës së Versajës
.11
Situata
politiko-
shoqërore në
Kosove dhe
viset
e
tjera
shqiptare
në
prag
të Paqes së Versajës
.31
Parisi
më
1919
dhe
procedúrát
e Konferencës
së Versajës
.,.47
Ardhja e Presidentit
Wilson
në Evropë
dhe katërmbëdhjetë
pikat
e tij
.57
Plani
і
Lidhjës së shtetëve
і
paraqitur në
Konferencën e Versajës
.67
KERKESAT E DELEGACIONIT SHQIPTAR NË
KONFERENCE
-
PERPJEKJËT E
PROTESTAT
SHQIPTARE
Kërkesat kryesore të Qeverisë së Durrësit drejtuar
Konferencës së Versajës
.81
Protestat
e shqiptarëve dërguar Konferencës
së Versajës
.91
-
Gazeta
"
Dielli" dhe Paqja e Versajës
.115
Çështja
e Kosovës në Paqen e Versajës
.137
Çështja
Came
në Paqen e Versajës
.159
398 _
Lush
CULAJ
Diaspora shqiptare
në mbrojtje të çështjes shqiptare
dhe injorimi
і
Esat Toptanit
në Konferencën
e
Versajës
.175
PRETENDIMET
E
SHTETEVE FQINJE
ND
AJ
TROJEVE
SHQIPTARE
DHE DIPLOMACIA
E
SHTETEVE VENDOSESE NE
KONFERENCE
Pretendimet greke ndaj
shqiptarëve
dhe shqyrtimi
і
kërkesave të
tyre
në
Konference
.197
Pretendimet
e
Qeverisë se Beogradit ndaj Shqipërisë
në Konferencën
e
Versajës
.225
Çeshtja shqiptare dhe
diplomacia
e
shteteve
vendimmarrëse në
Konference
.251
Vendimet
e Konferencës
për shqiptarët
.283
- MATRIALE
Konferenca
e
Paqes
1919,
kur
Papa
Benedikti
XV
mbrojti Korçën dhe Gjirokastrën nga grekët
.295
Shqiptarët dhe të drejtat
e
tyre-
tekst i mbajtur
në
Konferencën
e
Paqes në Paris në frëngjisht
nga Imzot Luigj Bumçi kryetar
і
delegacionit shqiptar në Paris
.301
Pjesë nga
telegrami
і
Hasan
Prishtinës
dërguar
Presidentit
Wilson
.334
Aneks i
memories
për
presidentin Wilson nga
Mid'hat
Frashëri
.336
Raport i
shkurtër mbi veprimtarinë të zhvilluar në
Londër të Imzot Luigj Bumçit dhe
Dr. Mihajl Tortullit
.339
Përfundimi
.345
Rezymea në gjuhën angleze
.357
Burimet dhe
literatura
.369
Treguesi i emrave
.387
CONCLUSION
ALBANIAN
ISSUE
IN THE CONFERENCE
OF PARIS
1919-1920
Among most ponderous events in Albanian history,
from both the period in between two world wars and in
general, is the Peace Conference in Paris, held during
1919-1920,
which by the relevance of its decisions and the
dimensions of their reflection in further European and
global developments is of particular significance not only
regarding Albanians but for other nations of Europe and
the world as well.
For six months during
1919,
Paris was the capital of
the world. Peace Conference was most important issue in
the world, whilst peacemakers were rightfully considered
the most powerful people. They argued, debated, disa¬
greed and after that slightly agreed again. The end of the
First World War found Albanian National Movement with
a clear program which had two main:
1)
reconfirmation
of
country's independence; and
2)
review of national borders
with the purpose of including within this borders Albanian
territories left unjustly outside. Designed before the First
358_
Lush
CULAJ
World War this program in complete and declarative way
found decisions of the Congress of
Durrës
of December
1918,
where from the Albanian government and the
delegation which went to the Peace Conference came out.
Versailles Conference was organized from
18.1.1919
to
21.1.1920.
Motto of this conference was ending of the
state of war between confronted sides: countries of Atlanta
in one side and those of Central Block at the other. The
conference from the beginning turned into the fighting
arena between winning powers because of war loot. In
these circumstances the risk of dividing Albania became
more threatening then ever.
Flow direction would be determined by several inner
and external factors, whilst external factor was not in the
side of righteous Albanian requirements. In this situation
Government of
Durrës
was also in quite a difficult
position at the home front, since it was a government pro
form under military Italian occupation and without an
effective power for governing the country. Meanwhile, in
international aspect it was also in difficult position since
Austro-Hungary, which had helped Albanian issue, for
already six years had lost the war and was un-influential.
Objective assessment clarified even more the diffi¬
cult situation, since in two previous international forums
where Albanian issue was discussed and exactly at the
Congress of Berlin of
1878
and at the London Conference
of
1912-1913.
Earlier balance of powers in international
front, from which Albanian issue could benefit, was ruined
in its disadvantage. Two Balkan neighboring states, as
winners of the war, not only desired to preserve Albanian
territories previously annexed, but they wanted to gain
other territories as well.
ÇËSHTJA SHQIPTARE NE KONFERENCËN
E
PÁRISIT
1919-1920 359
By asking themselves what had this government
ever do in the favor of this holy and difficult duty and by
protecting themselves from accusations regarding their
incapacity, the government offered official proofs to the
citizens, leaving no doubts of its national work.
After the end of the war and with removal of Austro-
Hungarians in October of
1018,
in Kosovo turned back
Serbian forces. It is worth to mention that from four main
winning powers: England, USA, France and Italy, only
the last one was interested then to support Albanian terri¬
torial interests in Kosovo, which interest had a source in
the contradictions between Italy and SKS Kingdom. The
government of Italy was against the establishment and
consolidation of this new country in Balkans. Not having
other supportive allies, the Government of
Durrës
leaned
particularly on the support of the Government of Roma,
hoping to benefit regarding national issue. However, the
weight of this Government as a factor was small in compa¬
rison to other winning countries, which supported Yugo¬
slavian and Greek claims. The interests of Albanian citi¬
zens in Versailles would be presented by several delegati¬
ons, but most relevant delegation was that of the Gover¬
nment of
Durrës
consisting of: Turhan Pashe" Permeti,
president, Bishop Luigj
Bumçi,
Mehmet Konica, Luigj
Gurakuqi, Dr. Turtulli and Mustafa Kruja. In this
delegation Pater Gjergj Fishta participated as an expert.
Albania participated in Peace Conference of Paris in the
fourth category and only by exchanging letters, or if she
was invited by one of five Powers it had right to send only
one delegate. Personal meetings were marginal and with
people of no particular relevance; whilst press propaganda
was impossible, since influential newspapers, by sym-
360_
Lush
CULAJ
pathy, opinion or money, all of them bared the side of our
opponents.
Requirements of the Government of
Dürres, in
the
name of Albanian people, presented in Versailles confe¬
rence were:
1)
To turn back to Albanian state its independence
recognized and guaranteed by London Conference of
1913.
2)
To give back to Albanian state Albanian terri¬
tories which were given to Montenegro by decisions of
both Congress of Berlin and the Conference of London in
1913.
3)
To turn back to Albanian state Albanian terri¬
tories which were given to Serbia by decisions of the
London Conference in
1913.
4)
To give back to Albanian state Albanian terri¬
tories given to Greece by decisions of London Conference
in
1913.
To these requirements governmental delegation
attached geographic map of Albanian ethnic border which
according to them included the territory from Gjini
і
Spicës
(in north of Tivar) including
Tuz,
Hot,
Gruda,
Triepsh, Podgorica, following the border of Montenegro
which it had before
1912
included
Peja,
Gjakova,
Mitrovica, Prishtina, Gjilani, Ferizaj,
Kaçanik, a
part of
Skopje's
kaza, Tetova,
Gostivar,
Kërçova, Dibra
coming
between the lakes of Ohri and Prespa. From this point
border follows the line of the year
1913
and comes near
the gulf of Preveza. "In these territories live more than
2
million Albanians, more than half of which were left
outside of Albanian border, thus we request to be the
owners of Albanian territories which were parted by
ÇËSHTJA SHQIPTARE NË KONFERENCËN
Ľ
PÁRISIT
1919-1920 361
Congress of Berlin and London Conference; we request
independence of entire Albanian territory and economic
reward for a great number of burnt villages by Greeks in
Southern Albania", is noted among other things in the
requests of governmental delegation presented in Ver¬
sailles on February 15th
1919.
Knowing social-political circumstances of the time
and impossibility to realize their righteous requests,
Albanian political representatives began to look for
opportunities of gaining from Paris Peace Conference. In
order to be saved from being taken-over from greedy
neighbors they asked for a mandate of some great state,
especially of America, for Albanian occupied territories
for a certain period of time till realization of a plebiscite.
By many sources it could be concluded that this idea
initially was presented by Albanian emigrants in USA.
This was supported by the letter of Panalbanian Society/
Shoqërisë
Panshqiptare
"Vatra"
sent in January
1919
to
the secretary of Foreign Affairs of USA, Robert Lensing,
where was highlighted, among other things, that this
society, in the meeting of January 14th
1919,
had approved
the resolution, in which was requested that USA take
defend Independence of Albania, proposing a plebiscite in
the territories which were claimed by neighboring states.
Friends of Albanian outside the country made great
efforts to help Albania. It is especially worth to mention
the activity of Panalbanian Federation
"Vatra",
which had
engaged an American missionary Telford Erikson for
defense of Albanian issue. Valuable contribution was
given from Anglo-Albanian society and especially from its
president Aubrey Herbert.
362_
Lush
CULAJ
Distinguished by their contribution were also
Albanians of Rumania, confronting Greek propaganda.
They disclaimed theses that population of Southern
Albania was against the independence of Albania and that
they wanted to unite with Greece. However, in Paris
decided most powerful.
For President Wilson and Americans, dissonance
between their philosophy and European opinion, reflected
merits of their beliefs. The kept distance from the prin¬
ciples and experience of Old Continent and ideas of
American president for world order were supported in
American belief on human nature which should be in
essence peaceful and inner harmony of the world. Acco¬
rding to this doctrine, democratic nations are within
peaceful; people who are given self-determination would
have no more reasons to develop wars or to repress the
others.
From all ideas which American President brought in
Europe, the concept of self-determination was and remain-
ned among the most uncomforting and the darkest one.
During Versailles Conference, chief of American mission
in Vienna several times had asked Paris and Washington
to explain the term. From this it can be concluded that it
was never easy to determine what President Wilson
actually had in his mind.
The more the concept of President Wilson of self-
determination was analyzed, that more difficulties appea¬
red.
Doctrines of American President about self-determi¬
nation and collective security placed European diplomats
in totally unknown territory for them. Behind each Euro-
ÇËSHTJA SHQIPTARE NË KONFERENCËN
E
PÁRISIT
1919-1920 363
pean
solution was assumption that borders could be fitted
to develop the equilibrium of power, whose requires had
priority towards the interests of interested nations.
New ideas which President Wilson was bringing in
global politics did not derive from his ideological back¬
ground, since he wasn't supported by European socialist,
but they derived from his very progressive and visionary
inclination for peaceful world, prosperity and a policy
based in a high human moral. Wilson since
1916
was
thinking that the role of USA in Europe should be as a
mediator between the sides in conflict and based entirely
in peace principles.
President Wilson, through fourteen points pretended
to present a program of a new moral in global policy, to
justify his intervention together with European Allies, to
bring closer all European nations regarding the purpose of
his cause. Fourteen points in fact was a mixture of several
very high principles of international relations with ideas of
building a system of international justice as well as of
proposals for a concrete solution of several state territorial
issues, which for President Wilson constituted a signi¬
ficant relevance for insurance of a righteous and consistent
peace.
Wilson's fourteen points expressed in its essence
American attitude against European concept of power
balance and immorality of implementation of Realpolicy.
USA and its president were for a new world order domina¬
ted by democracy, collective security and the right of
people/nations for self determination. These elements rep¬
resented a connection to the nature itself which God gave
to human. Peace is in a human nature, democracy is in
social nature, whilst self-determination is in a nature of
364_
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CULAJ
nations, thus these three elements converted in global
value system would bring a new world order.
Works of Peace Conference in Paris officially ended
with the meeting of Council of Foreign Ministries in
January
21
in
1920.
However, they didn't end entirely,
since from this time a conference of Ambassadors conti¬
nued to treat opened issues of the Conference, by not
having a power of decision and dimension of Peace
Conference and leaving issues of greatest relevance to
respective great powers, respectively to prime ministers
and presidents of great states.
Concernments of President Wilson during January-
March of
1920
for Albania delayed further partition of
Albanian state. Such a concernment of Wilson was indu¬
ced by several reasons. Americans could not accept new
compromises for "Adriatic Issue", realized in its back¬
ground and putting it in a state of finished act. The
discrepancy between the positions in this issue was a
constitutive part of entire spectrum of contradicts that
divided USA from England and France in Peace Confe¬
rence of Paris.
However, American President was not all-powerful.
This would be testified by Mustafa Kruja one of the best
experts of circumstances of that period and secretary of
Albanian delegation in Peace Conference of Paris. In his
historical Anthology, he would highlight: "Wilson did
whatever he could, but Lloyd George and Klemanso were
more powerful then he was in the Conference". Dictated
by these circumstances, President Wilson expressed ap¬
proval of recognition of Italian mandate for Albania within
borders of
1913.
Nevertheless, it is worth to mention that
the note of March the 6th discouraged all attempts for
ÇËSHTJA SHQIPTARE NË KONFERENCËN
E
PÁRISIT
1919-1920 365
implementation of the conditions of London Secret Treaty.
Circumstances dictated for Lloyd George to propose that
the correspondence regarding this issue be sent to all
Italian and Yugoslav governments, together with a note, in
which was expressed the fact that brutish and French
governments did whatever they could in order to induce a
agreement, but they failed direction, and now could not do
anything about keeping on with conditions of the London
Treaty. This was in fact rescuing for Albanians.
Formula of Versailles, with amoral endeavors to put
all responsibility of the First World War on Germany and
to punish unreasonably all other countries related to the
dam of Central Europe to Southeastern Europe, contri¬
buted to the minimum of security in Europe since only few
years later the Continent and the entire world would be
involved in a war of unseen measures in human history.
Versailles didn't do anything but the concentrated det¬
onator called Germany scattered in several states, which in
fact increased elements of insecurity both within created
states with lot of mixed ethnic nations and between states
in which these nations were redistributed. From the deve¬
lopment of the events and the decisions came out that
Paris was again insincere.
Map of Versailles surrounded Germany by millions
of Germans forced to live in small countries around which
aspired day and night to join their motherland; surrounded
Czechoslovakia by Germans, Polish and Hungarians
which had nothing in common with that state; surrounded
Serbia with Albanians, Hungarians and Croats which also
could in any way be a natural part of this state dominated
by the Slavic-orthodox philosophy and culture. This kind
of European map composition in Versailles's design is
366_
Lush
CULAJ
maybe the most focused model of choices made by world
diplomacy and one of the most accurate examples on how
it shouldn't be done in order for problems be solved in
future.
Diplomat Henry Kissinger would describe the Trea¬
ty of Versailles as too tough for reconciliation, to soft to
prevent recovery of Germany and as such made ruined
democracies to be constantly vigilant and in constant need
for force of coercion against incorrigible and unchan¬
geable Germany.
The damage the Peace Conference brought was es¬
pecially and the most psychological. In article
231
of
Versailles Treaty was determined clause of "War Guilt",
which put only Germany in front of entire responsibility of
the war. Even though Germany was one of the beginners
of the war, it wasn't in any way the only one and thus it
could not be punished alone. Exactly for this reason
Nicolson would highlight: "We came to Paris convinced
that a new order would be in place; we left Paris convi¬
nced that simple new order spoiled the older one".
From above analyzes these conclusions could be
ascertained:
Requirements set by the Government of
Dürres in
Peace Conference
1919-1920
for separated territories by
the Congress of Berlin in
1878
and London Conference in
1913
be attached to their motherland did not find a support
from decision making countries in this conference. The
Peace of Versailles sanctioned, from international point of
view, earlier separation of Albanian territories. This con¬
ference constitutes a second edition of London Conference
of
1913
as far as our national issue is concerned. This one
constitutes even an uglier edition since in
1919
and
1920
ÇËSHTJA SHQIPTARE NË KONFERENCËN
E
PÁRISIT
1919-1920 367
were designed plans for new political and territorial
injustices toward Albanians.
Ifin
1913
Albanian territories were divided in order
to keep peace of the world (what didn't succeed) in
1919-
1920
new Albanian territories were becoming sacrificed
for establishment of a balance between the winners of the
war in Adriatic dam and further. The Conference of Paris
1919 -1920
changed political map of Europe, Asia and
Africa. Albanian nation and its representatives were active
and in those circumstances they achieved what realisti¬
cally could have been achieved. Moreover, if we consider
uneven proportion of powers and the new circumstances,
which were implied in developments, it could be claimed
that it was achieved what could not be hoped for. Albania
remained as divided state without its most vital parts such
as Kosovo,
Çamëria
and other ones, since as a ground
were taken political arguments, but at least it was achieved
to regain independence of the country and especially to
avoid new territorial injustices, which would be double
fatal for the future of the nation. Despite the situation
created, which apparently was not at all in its favor,
Albania benefited somewhat from this crash, precisely
because it made the country to be saved from Italian
custody and to keep territories that were more extended
than those of "small Muslim state" as foreseen by London
Secret Agreement.
Activity of our governmental delegation in Paris was
extraordinary dense during the days of the conference.
This is shown by the data that, same on February
11 1920,
this delegation, headed by Luigj
Bumçi,
sent a note of
protest to main representatives of the Peace Conference,
through which disclaimed the view that Albanian nation
368_
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CULAJ
was not 'mature' enough for self- determination. In that
note, among other things, was underlined: "We want to
hope that Great Powers will understand finally the truth
that there will be peace and order in Balkan Peninsula only
when people living there come close to one another in a
spirit of agreement and understanding: but such agreement
will be possible only when the right of all nation are
respected". In internal and external circumstances, created
in the beginning of
1920,
positions of Albania became
very critical, but all requirements of neighboring greedy
countries were fulfilled. Even though the Versailles Con¬
ference didn't consider its decisions, requirements of
Albanian citizens and its delegates, endeavors of Albanian
patriots constitute an uncontested testimony of Albanian's
will to fight for defense of independence and invulnera¬
bility of the country. This is evidenced by the letter of
Luigj
Bumçi
sent to Luigj Gurakuqi on April 4th
1921,
in
which he highlighted that translation of the second volume
"Albania before the Peace Conference", which would be
translated by Gurakuqi, would be a good evidence that
"from the content of the notes and writings followed by
honorable readers would see that Albanian delegates never
deviated from the path they took in the beginning. At all
times and in each case they remained always resolute to
essential points of national requirements". |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Culaj, Lush 1966- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1191711218 |
| author_facet | Culaj, Lush 1966- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Culaj, Lush 1966- |
| author_variant | l c lc |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV037464419 |
| classification_rvk | NP 4410 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)734070467 (DE-599)BVBBV037464419 |
| discipline | Geschichte |
| era | Geschichte 1919-1920 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1919-1920 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Albanien (DE-588)4001028-4 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Albanien |
| id | DE-604.BV037464419 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2025-03-15T11:01:17Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789951411943 |
| language | Albanian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-022616323 |
| oclc_num | 734070467 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR |
| physical | 398 S. Ill. |
| psigel | BSBWK1 |
| publishDate | 2010 |
| publishDateSearch | 2010 |
| publishDateSort | 2010 |
| publisher | Inst. Albanologjik |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Culaj, Lush 1966- Verfasser (DE-588)1191711218 aut Çështja shqiptare në Konferencën e Parisit 1919 - 1920 Lush Culaj Albanian issue in the Conference of Paris Prishtinë Inst. Albanologjik 2010 398 S. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier PST: Albanian issue in the Conference of Paris. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache Pariser Friedenskonferenz 1919-1920 Paris (DE-588)1217272-8 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1919-1920 gnd rswk-swf Unabhängigkeit (DE-588)4186820-1 gnd rswk-swf Außenpolitik (DE-588)4003846-4 gnd rswk-swf Diplomatie (DE-588)4012402-2 gnd rswk-swf Territorialer Anspruch (DE-588)4353957-9 gnd rswk-swf Albanische Frage (DE-588)7748428-9 gnd rswk-swf Nationalitätenfrage (DE-588)4126113-6 gnd rswk-swf Albanien (DE-588)4001028-4 gnd rswk-swf Pariser Friedenskonferenz 1919-1920 Paris (DE-588)1217272-8 f Albanische Frage (DE-588)7748428-9 s Diplomatie (DE-588)4012402-2 s Geschichte 1919-1920 z DE-604 Albanien (DE-588)4001028-4 g Außenpolitik (DE-588)4003846-4 s Unabhängigkeit (DE-588)4186820-1 s Territorialer Anspruch (DE-588)4353957-9 s Nationalitätenfrage (DE-588)4126113-6 s Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=022616323&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=022616323&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Culaj, Lush 1966- Çështja shqiptare në Konferencën e Parisit 1919 - 1920 Pariser Friedenskonferenz 1919-1920 Paris (DE-588)1217272-8 gnd Unabhängigkeit (DE-588)4186820-1 gnd Außenpolitik (DE-588)4003846-4 gnd Diplomatie (DE-588)4012402-2 gnd Territorialer Anspruch (DE-588)4353957-9 gnd Albanische Frage (DE-588)7748428-9 gnd Nationalitätenfrage (DE-588)4126113-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)1217272-8 (DE-588)4186820-1 (DE-588)4003846-4 (DE-588)4012402-2 (DE-588)4353957-9 (DE-588)7748428-9 (DE-588)4126113-6 (DE-588)4001028-4 |
| title | Çështja shqiptare në Konferencën e Parisit 1919 - 1920 |
| title_alt | Albanian issue in the Conference of Paris |
| title_auth | Çështja shqiptare në Konferencën e Parisit 1919 - 1920 |
| title_exact_search | Çështja shqiptare në Konferencën e Parisit 1919 - 1920 |
| title_full | Çështja shqiptare në Konferencën e Parisit 1919 - 1920 Lush Culaj |
| title_fullStr | Çështja shqiptare në Konferencën e Parisit 1919 - 1920 Lush Culaj |
| title_full_unstemmed | Çështja shqiptare në Konferencën e Parisit 1919 - 1920 Lush Culaj |
| title_short | Çështja shqiptare në Konferencën e Parisit |
| title_sort | ceshtja shqiptare ne konferencen e parisit 1919 1920 |
| title_sub | 1919 - 1920 |
| topic | Pariser Friedenskonferenz 1919-1920 Paris (DE-588)1217272-8 gnd Unabhängigkeit (DE-588)4186820-1 gnd Außenpolitik (DE-588)4003846-4 gnd Diplomatie (DE-588)4012402-2 gnd Territorialer Anspruch (DE-588)4353957-9 gnd Albanische Frage (DE-588)7748428-9 gnd Nationalitätenfrage (DE-588)4126113-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Pariser Friedenskonferenz 1919-1920 Paris Unabhängigkeit Außenpolitik Diplomatie Territorialer Anspruch Albanische Frage Nationalitätenfrage Albanien |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=022616323&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=022616323&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT culajlush ceshtjashqiptarenekonferenceneparisit19191920 AT culajlush albanianissueintheconferenceofparis |