Promene u primarnom zaleđu: vraćanje u zajednicu
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Abschlussarbeit Buch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Beograd
Zadužbina Andrejević
2010
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Biblioteka Dissertatio
271 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Changes in the primary backround |
| Beschreibung: | 96 S. |
| ISBN: | 9788672448603 |
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| adam_text | Sadržaj
Predgovor
7
1.
Sažetak
9
2.
Abstract
io
3.
Uvod li
4.
Teorijska i empirijska zasnovanost proučavanja
transformacije primarno-grupnog zaleđa
13
4.1.
Sociološki aspekt istraživanja primarno-grupnog zaleđa
-
strategije preživljavanja u savremenom srpskom društvu?
14
4.1.1.
Primarne društvene grupe
-
vračanje u zajednicu
18
4.1.2.
Primarne društvene grupe
-
minijature društva
20
4.1.3.
Društveni odnosi licem u lice
22
4.2.
Pojmovna određenja
23
4.3.
Istorija ideja
30
4.4.
Empirijsko nasleđe
32
5.
Etno-sociokulturni kontekst Vranja
34
5.1.
Vranje
-
grad starog u novom ?
34
5.2.
Vranje u periodu socijalističkog razvoja
36
5.3.
Vranje u tranzicijskom kontekstu
39
6.
Referentna podloga za ispitivanje transformacije
društvenih odnosa licem u lice
46
6.1.
Referentna podloga
47
6.1.1.
Interpretacija sadržaja iz realistične književnosti
50
6.1.2.
Arhivska građa
56
7.
Sociološke karakteristike primarnih društvenih
odnosa
in vivo
59
7.1.
Osnovni nalaz
60
7.2.
Dinamika savremenih porodičnih, srodničkih i susedskih odnosa
61
8.
Zaključak
72
9.
Napomene
75
10.
Literatura
77
11.
Indeks pojmova
83
12.
Summary
84
12.
Summary
Changes in the Primary Background:
Back to the Community
One of the main reasons why the monograph Changes in the Primary Background:
back to the Community came into being is not the impulse to return to the
tradition and pathos of the native family idyll but the serious intention to revaluate
and understand the sociological characteristics and particularities of primary social
relationships, to familiarise with them and to indicate the importance and function
of primary groups in the social life of a local community situated in an important
geostrategic and geocultural area in the Balkans.
The material devastation of the war, the transition and the contradictions
accompanying the social development along with the processes of re-
traditionalisation, now a reality of former socialist countries in East Europe and
the Balkans, have changed the life of people in Serbia substantially. This life is
the complete opposite of the circumstances that existed during the period of
industrialisation of the golden age Of socialism. Waves of accelerated social
changes, the deep divisions among people and the long-lasting systematic crisis
have added to the lawless social life of individuals in Serbia. The reasons for this
can be found in the lack of a systematic action of state and public authorities as
well as in the spreading poverty among people. All these factors contribute to a
deeper existential crisis putting people into a difficult position while forcing them
into creating new strategies to survive the claustrophobia of everyday life in Serbia.
These changes are a result of globalisation and they should be analysed and
explained from a sociological point of view as public space being narrowed
down and erased, urban communities being devastated
(Milic
2002:273),
whereby
the following question may be raised: are these changes so deep and thorough
that we can talk about a new type of structure in the primary group based on the
change of quality marking these societies or is it a change that is a reflection of
the current social situation that transforms social relationships within primary
social groups into necessities without which there would be no functioning of
the family unit because institutionalised sources of help and protection would
be insufficient and ineffective especially in the setting of the economical crisis.
(Milic
1
991: 120).
Therefore, the transformation of social relationships within primary groups
is related to the processes of the second wave of modernisation in Serbia evident
in the following transitional processes: de-urbanisation, de-industrialisation and
the process of re-traditionalisation of the family as well as the survival strategies
for the claustrophobia of everyday life in Serbia.
The social activity and behaviour of primary groups is an important aspect of
contemporary social life so that they are often at the centre of attention in many
sociological research projects. This is verified by the results of the research
84
conducted so far as part of the macro project Social transformation and strategies
of social groups: everyday life in Serbia at the beginning of the third millennium
(2004)
realised by the Institute of Sociological Research in Belgrade. The most
recent empirical data gathered in the studies conducted by
Milic,
Α.;
Golubović,
Ζ;;
Blagojević,
Μ.;
Tripković,
G.;
Tomanović,
S. and
Bobie,
M.
indicate that
instead of the expected socio-cultural movements leading to modernising
transformations of the Serbian family and household, there is a regressive flow.
Moreover, they are moving backwards causing contradictious relationships among
family members and in their immediate surroundings. This Belgrade school of
thought and research supports the microscopic perspective of the social crisis
implying that the way of life of the individual, the primary groups, the social
network as well as the relationships holding them together are observed within
a certain area and at a particular moment. By investing scientific interest into the
transformation of everyday life in Serbia at the beginning of III millennium, this
research team have determined the extent to which the process of globalisation
can influence the way of life of the individual, the social environment and the
social group the individual was born in and is living in.
Research that has been conducted up to now in Vranje and its surroundings,
as well as the results obtained in some of the physical and social areas included
in the research, indicate the reasons why the social network of family connections
is an important subject. This conclusion is based on the findings of some authors
who have conducted research in this area from the ethnological point of view
(Tatomir
Vukanović,
Vidosava
Stojančević, Sanja Zlatanović
and Jadranka
Đorđević),
the geographical point of view
(Srboljub Stamenković)
and the
sociological point of view
(Olivera
Burič).
The findings can be summed up with
the following words: When observing the relationships within the family and
among relatives in Vranje we can conclude that the city of Vranje and its wider
surroundings are representative of elements of traditional culture, presented
relatively well in the life of the inhabitants
(Đorđević
2001: 131).
With the
realisation what an impact the presence of traditional cultural values actually has,
it becomes obvious that the presence of traditional cultural values can primarily
be seen in the mentality of the people and the social relationships because in the
social phase of life people tend to accept the new and to forget about the old
(cited in accordance with
Đorđević,
2001: 131
and Cvetkovic,
1973: 291).
The point of view that was taken is neither based on one theoretical concept
only nor is any suggested in particular. The reason why is that social groups are
not regarded here as unities created once and for all but as important segments
of the social system and the wider socio-cultural environment.
The theoretical framework for this book is comprised of the thoughts about
primary social groups observed as open systems as well as of other theoretical
conclusions published in recent scientific publications both abroad and at home.
Thus the basic concept of the book can be found in psychological theories about
society
(Kuli, Č.H.),
the sociology of Western Europe (Mendrasa, H.), the
sociology of everyday life
(Spasie,
I.), the sociology of the family
(Milič,
Α.),
the psychology of the group and social psychology (Rot.
N.
and Zvonarevic,
M.), the history of culture (Kazer, K.), ethnology
(Rihtman-Auguštin, D.
and
Bot, E.)
and studies on risk groups in society conducted by
Ulrich Beck.
The entire book is based on two parts: the theoretical and the empirical research.
The empirical research on the transformation of social relationships within the
family, among relatives and neighbours in the context of contemporary socio-
cultural circumstances of the Serbian society, is the most important part of the
wider research that is based on two more levels of research.
85
First a
few words about the method used to observe the suggested changes.
The changes within primary groups in Vranje were observed as changes that
have a wider social implication whereby three phases of development in the
Serbian society had to be kept in mind. These phases were obvious in:
The process of building the traditional Serbian civil society (after the Turks
had left, the Serbian society rose from a feudal community and transformed itself
into a modern European country at the end of
XIX
and the beginning of the XX
centuries when the process of industrialisation was initiated as well);
The process of industrialisation and urbanisation (the period of socialism in
Vranje) and
The process of de-industrialisation and de-urbanisation (the period of post
socialist transition in the socio-cultural context of Vranje at the end of the XX
and the beginning of the
XXI
centuries.)
It could be determined that the process of transformation in social relationships
in primary groups in Vranje was mainly accompanied by changes in the primary
background which affected the structure more than the content.
The first level of observation directed to the changes in the primary background
depends on theoretical and empirical experiences referring to the traditional
patriarchal family in Vranje and its surrounding area. Just as medicine, for
instance, has to observe the conditions that cause the mutation, survival and
disappearance of some viruses, sociology has to explain the circumstances under
which certain content from the past can return and survive whereas others are
forgotten and thus disappear (cited according to
Kuljić,
2006: 54).
The efficiency
of understanding empirical content from the past was based on terminological
constructions of an ideal model that was derived so as to enable the determination
of traditional primary social groups as based on the characteristics of primary
relationships in the rural and the urban family. The created model is ideal and
typical and therefore neither a sociological model nor a tool of descriptive analysis
(as might have been expected). It is more a reference used to explain the stages
in the transformation of primary relationships in Vranje (in the sense Weber did
- Erklären).
The re-interpretation of realistic descriptions in the novels by Bora
Stankovic referring to the urban and rural family life enabled the construction
of important abstract principles used for the explanation of the characteristics of
the social relationships in the primary sphere of old Vranje. The research is based
on resources from the city archives, old photographs from albums of the participants
in the research (revealing certain aspects from the private life of people in Vranje
in the past), inscriptions on the back of family photographs, family letters, the
paved streets in the photographs as well as the inside of private gardens and
houses in the traditional style. Therefore, models of terminological constructions
explaining the meaning and the situational adequacy of forgotten patterns of
primary way of life could be derived from that.
In one word, the dynamics of social relationships in traditional primary groups
was observed in regard to the direct influence of culture as a factor of structuring
reality and the social context in which individuals and families once used to live
so that it may be pointed out that there is a clear distinction in the structure,
intensity and content of primary relationships in the rural and the urban family.
The underdeveloped economical and spatial conditions in the traditional urban
society of Vranje and its surrounding area, on the other hand, proved to be only
indirectly involved in the frequency and the number of primary relationships that
are face-to-face and to some extent, in their content in the observed patriarchal
micro environment.
In accordance with the creation of the referential framework, sociological
characteristics of traditional primary relationships (the references to a particular
86
time refer to the end of
XIX
and the beginning of XX century) could be established:
intensive patriarchal family relationships in the urban family consisting of many
members where the father established the main contacts within the family and
among relatives whereas the mother established contacts with the neighbours
(social communication is of a utilitarian and instrumental content). These contacts
are opposed to the rural family community (there is no social contact between
the village and the town).
The second level of observation was directed to the changes relevant to the
period from
1945
to
1990,
when the socialist government supported revolutionary
and not traditional concepts, such as those related to the village, tradition and
heritage. With the industrial era in Vranje, the town started ruling over the village
whereas the bearer of big changes in the life of the city used to be the once
renowned industry of Vranje, especially the branch of industry that grew into
the leading industrial force of the old craftsmanship in Vranje.
The socialist ideology and the industrial development initiated the abolition of
differences between the patriarchal urban family with the authentic urban mentality
and the traditional rural family where the traditional mentality of work and
production were dominating and where heritage was tightly related to blood
relationship and the spirit of crafts societies. These differences were mitigated
gradually under the influence of revolutionary ideas but they have never been
abolished completely. The fact that rural families started wearing urban clothes,
women from the country started working in the city factories and children from
rural families started going to city schools, did not diminish the differences between
urban family values and the urban way of life. The active world of the urban and
industrialised environment brought the city family some novelties of which the
family accepted only those that could improve their quality of life and work
(hygiene and health, employment at factories, construction of family houses,
education of children, etc.) but they would never let their family values be influenced
nor would they jeopardise their social relationships and contacts in both the native
and the immediate environment. In accordance with the results of some statistical
research conducted by
Burič
et al.
(1980),
the following sociological characteristics
of primary relationships realised in the period of socialist development in the
Serbian society could be identified: moderately intensive family relationships in
the nuclear urban family initiated by the process of industrialisation, women started
going to work and the relationship between parents and children transformed, the
differences between the village and the city are diminished as a result of urbanisation,
formal relationships with relatives became more utilitarian whereas relationships
within the neighbourhood were becoming more intense to compensate for the
suppressed relationships with relatives.
The necessity to analyse primary social groups in this book is based on the belief
that the group is an open system. This means that primary social groups are not
seen as groups that are given once and for all; therefore, rigid. On the contrary,
they are an important segment of the social system and the wider
socio-cultural
environment. Primary social groups are not independent from the broader community.
They reflect the spirit of the wider community to some extent, such as is the case
with the Serbian family which bears the seal of the modern Serbian society.
The term and the meaning of the primary social group was introduced into
sociology by the American sociologist, Charles
Horton Cooley
(Social
Organisation,
1956)
who was particularly interested in psychology and who was
among the first to examine small groups at the beginning of XX century
According to Charles
Horton
Cooley, primary groups are basic groups which
are characterised by closeness and cooperation. Their primary characteristics
may be seen in the fact that they are the foundation of the social side and aspiration
87
of the individual, the foundation of intimate relationships and the incorporation
of a person s individuality into an entity and, finally, they are the foundation of
common goals and life in a group. Cooley points out that the primary group is
actually that one that is characterised by intimacy, face-to-face interaction,
connectedness and cooperation.
From the primary social group, all that is social can be derived whereby the
most important area of close relationships and cooperation can be found in the
family, neighbourhood and the community of the elderly (which is recruited
from among the relatives). By stating that these types of primary groups are the
most important ones, Cooley says that they are practically universal, similar in
many aspects in the whole world and that they belong to all times and all phases
of development.
The transformation of social relationships is observed through three stages
evident in the development of global social relationships and socialisation (the
period of the traditional Serbian urban society, the period of socialist development
and the period of post socialist transition). In this case three social groups are
taken as representative ones
-
family, relatives and neighbours, during the period
from the beginning of XX century to the beginning of
XXI
century
The chosen primary groups are observed as an important primary emotional
and social background of the impoverished individual who has been ripped of
rights and is a participant in the creation of the contemporary social reality and
the furthering of a feeling of belonging and cooperation. The observed social
relationships within the primary social groups are realised as social connections
of mutual informal support, help, cooperation and understanding among people
in the social groups, which are partly conditioned by the objective reality and
partly by internal factors (morality, customs and values).
The social network of primary relationships refers to the informal channels
of mutual cooperation, support, help and understanding as regarded from the
point of view of the individual, their personal relationship to members of other
social groups and the family they belong to. The social network of primary
relationships comprises dynamic and intertwined socio-cultural activities with
various contents. The social network as a term came into use only recently with
the meaning that the basic social need of man is the need to belong somewhere
and have a sense of attachment to others (the development of the feeling of
belonging and eventually realised social cohesion). The mentioned term was
given the meaning as based on the definition offered by Elizabeth
Bott
who
studied the network of kinship relationships in England (cited according to
Mandra,
2001: 164).
It is of essentially importance to mention that in psychology the changes in
the family structure and the changes in the family relationships are studied as
results of economical, cultural and social development, but more attention is paid
to personal characteristics of family members as well as to psychological,
economical, cultural and situational influences that shape personal characteristics.
Psychologists stress the importance and the social role of intimate and personal
relationships in the family. Moreover, they stress the fact that constant
transformations and changes for the purpose of establishing equilibrium with the
environment are unavoidable.
The focus of attention in this book is to observe, monitor and understand three
types of primary social relationships which represent the pulsating tissue within
everyday life in conditions of transition, their general sociological characteristics,
particularities and activities as regarded from the point of view of the examined
social area and from the point of view of the economical crisis in the contemporary
Serbian society. The basic and practically most important indicator of the revived
88
social
support,
help and understanding in the local social network are the
relationships within the family and among relatives. It is generally accepted that
within the research of family and relationships and those among relatives, the
following characteristics should be examined: structure (physical shape), intensity
(strength), content (emotional, material, instrumental as well as communicative
and informational). The interest for the neighbourhood and the relationships within
it is based on the fact that relationships in the neighbourhood are important primary
relationships both in the country and the local community. It is well-known that
the weak intensity of relationships among relatives is compensated by relationships
with neighbours which are then attributed greater importance than certain family
relationships in the town. In order to make it easier to track the direction of the
dynamics of the relationships in the family, among relatives and neighbours in
the local community as well as their role in the realisation of primary interactions
in the social network, the following were examined: how open/ closed, spreading/
narrowing and interactive/ antagonistic social relationships can be.
Since there has been only a small amount of empirical experience and only a
few resources regarding the dynamics of social relationships within social groups,
this research was aimed to answer the following question: Is the local social
network of social relationships the primary background that has been reactivated
in accordance with the waves of changes from the social environment so as to
enable the overcoming of the social and economical crisis? And this question
seemed more than necessary.
The basic finding deducted from the empirical research is that the hypotheses
that were suggested at the beginning proved valid and that the aspects of observed
phenomena and the main questions derived from the hypotheses proved as good
guidelines. In accordance with the results of the conducted research, the examined
social network of primary relationships in the local environment present, established
sociological characteristics and determined particularities so that, as based on
the basic hypothesis, several conclusions may be drawn. What has to be noted
is that according to the characteristics and particularities the research imposed
conclusions that had an indicative character for the examined population.
The analysis of the results obtained from the conducted research in reference
to the sociological characteristics of primary relationships and socio-cultural
particularities accompanying them, could determine the important static differences
and correlations (inter-connectedness) between the place of residence, the overall
education level, the vocation and the sets of dependent variables that refer to the
perception of social interactions in the family and among relatives and neighbours.
It is generally accepted that within the research of family relationships and
those among relatives and neighbours, the physical volume, the strength and the
character of family relationships are analysed as important segments of the social
network realised by individuals and the family in the primary group sphere. This
empirical research was focused on the determination of the general characteristics
in the social network characterised by primary relationships but also the
characteristics that can be observed as part of the national culture.
At the beginning of the examination of the contemporary primary relationships,
several attitudes about the transformation of relationships in the family and among
relatives and neighbours in Vranje could be defined. The first attitude was based
on the assumption that the family system of social relationships has become the
main mediator in the process of everyday interaction in the local social network
which may be confirmed by monitoring the structure, the intensity and the content
of certain activities of family members and the household. The second attitude
was based on the assumption that the system of relationships among relatives
has become the revived factor in the realisation of primary interactions in the
89
local
networks
of social relationships which may be confirmed by monitoring
the structure, the intensity and the content of certain activities among relatives.
The third attitude was based on the assumption that the neighbourhood in Vranje
is an important factor present in the realisation of everyday interaction in the
local network of social relationships which may be confirmed by monitoring the
structure, the intensity and the content of certain activities among neighbours.
The fourth attitude is based on the assumptions that the revived interaction among
relatives are characterised by harmony and that they are the result of a certain
cultural pattern. Furthermore, the importance of maintaining relationships among
neighbours is reflected in the fact that they socialise. The last, fifth attitude is
based on the assumption that the people from Vranje, from a local perspective,
are now being reshaped within the family, among relatives and among neighbours
in the Serbian society, partly as a result of social and economical circumstances
as well as political.
The statistical analysis of the results obtained in the empirical research (the
research was conducted in
2008
in Vranje and its surrounding area) confirmed
that contemporary social and economical circumstances (the process of transition,
de-urbanisation and de-industrialisation) in Vranje and its surroundings have
activated a particular social interaction in the family and among relatives and
neighbours. The changes occurring in the examined social relationships, on the
territory of Vranje and its surroundings, in the first half of
XXI
century, are more
prominent in the structure of the local social network (the presence of family
members, relatives and neighbours as well as the intensity of the interaction in
the local social network) whereas the content of the primary interaction (relatives
and neighbours) is mainly changed much more slowly (continuity in the channelling
of contents related to mutual emotional support and help in life and at work as
based on the aspect of the individual s family). The most important conclusions
drawn from the research are:
-
The family in Vranje and its surroundings at the end of
XXI
century is
characterised by an active social network of primary relationships within one
family household
-
small nuclear families and households consisting of more
than one family
-
the widened family, the network of relatives in two directions
(relatives of one s own and those of the spouse s) and with neighbourhood
groups regardless of the difference in gender or age.
-
Family members in Vranje and its surroundings realise interactions within their
own family on a daily basis
(55.3%),
they visit their neighbours several times
a week
(31.9%),
they visit and meet their relatives or talk to them several times
a week
(26.6%).
-
Family relationships in Vranje are characteristic because they are often based
on the acceptance of emotional support and understanding as well as the support
and help offered to other family members when having problems with education,
medical treatment or employment issues.
-
Relationships among relatives in Vranje are characteristic because they are
sometimes based on the acceptance of emotional content and sometimes on
providing relatives with support during medical treatment.
-
Relationships in the neighbourhood in Vranje and its surroundings are
characteristic because they are sometimes based on offering emotional contents
and on the fact that neighbours never support themselves when it comes to
education or employment.
90
- Legal
disputes
are not generally accepted solutions among relatives and
neighbours in Vranje which might be indicative of harmonised and coherent
relationships as far as the segment of primary relationships in the social network
are concerned. This fact also confirms the existence of a process of integration
of the system of relatives and the system of neighbours. The importance of
maintaining relationships among relatives is determined by closeness and the
particular pattern of cultural heritage in the examined area (in order to socialise).
-
People from Vranje experience changes in their family relationships as well as
in the relationships among relatives and neighbours as a result of socio-economic
and political circumstances in the Serbian society.
The general conclusion referring to the dynamics of social relationships within
primary groups in Vranje and its surroundings, resulting from the analysis of the
obtained research data, is based on the following: family relationships, and those
among relatives and neighbours in Vranje and its surroundings, are present in
everyday interaction in the immediate environment as an important factor creating
thus an open and widely spread social network of primary relationships which
has been confirmed by monitoring the structure, the intensity and the content of
mutual activities among family members and those among relatives and neighbours;
the revived interaction among relatives is harmonious and it is a result of an
inherited cultural pattern whereby the importance of maintaining relationships
with neighbours is reflected in the socialising; people from Vranje, from the local
perspective, are experiencing the remodelling of social relationships among
family members, relatives and neighbours, partly a result of the socio-economic
and political circumstances in the Serbian society.
After the results of the empirical part of the research had been defined, the
next task was to interpret the current tendencies in certain aspects of changes in
the family and among relatives in Western Europe and indicate directly that there
is something special (not like the others) and something universal (just like
everybody else) which is particular to the examined social and cultural milieu
when it comes to social relationships in the family and among relatives.
In spite of the continuous progress and the domination of professional life as
well as the consumption in the modern way of life in Western Europe, the triumph
of individualism is not complete. Individualism and the right of choice that the
individual should have when it comes to personal life is still restricted under the
influence of economic pressure, especially via social norms and values that
individuals have inherited or learned from their families.
European social countries are now more than ever burdened with an increase
of different financial obligations. Furthermore, the state as such is now transferring
part of its responsibilities for members to relatives. That type of complex game
between the state, the family and the individual varies from country to country,
from class to class. This game also leads to new sources of inequality and to the
restructuring of the entire contemporary society. (Quoted according to Mendras,
2004: 85-109.)
At the end of this description of contemporary tendencies the conclusion is
imposed that only one family function has become stronger in spite of the tectonic
irregularities in the contemporary society and its cell . The family is now
becoming an emotional community of its members and it expresses itself through
the function of offering emotional protection, satisfaction and support. Many a
91
family function has lost its importance and all their energy and importance have
been absorbed by the emotional function. The contemporary family is founded
because of love so that data referring to divorce cases are not indicators of the
dissolution of the family but a warning of how much the family function of
emotional satisfaction and the family (emotional) relationships (seen as an
exchange of positive emotions of mutual understanding) have gained on importance
and value. Evidence for this may be found in the fact that most divorced couples
decide to get married once again and if it is not for love what else could it be?
All of the above said indicates that the research was not intended to include
all aspects of understanding and examining of changes in primary social groups
because such a task presupposes more complex theoretical and methodological
preconditions: the examination of the global social structure, as a determining
factor of the social organisation in reference to the activities of primary social
groups; the explicit definition of the following aspects of changes in the primary
social group: structure and function of primary social groups, position and role
of primary social groups, values of primary social groups; as well as the
examination of the nature and mechanisms of the cause and effect relationship
between the family, the relatives, the neighbourhood and the
de/
industrialisation
process. All these factors together ask for interdisciplinary cooperation and
theoretical support from the family and the application of a more complex
methodology. The conducted research, however, is an attempt to present just one
aspect of changes within primary social groups.
Such an approach has been used to define the character of the research: it is
a partial research of sociological characteristics of the current social network of
informal mutual help, support, cooperation and understanding which are transferred
by means of primary relationships. All this is based on the reached level of
deindustrialisation/ privatisation and urbanisation/ deurbanisation in the South
of Serbia. The research was meant to point at the existing characteristics of
primary relationships that have been functioning in the examined area without
any change for years now. The research was also supposed to indicate the
particularities in two different environments (the town and the village) and the
stability of primary relationships and their basic importance in the survival of
the long-lasting socio-economic and political crisis in the society of contemporary
Serbia. The research characterised by social relationships within the family,
among relatives and neighbours in Vranje is of a wider social importance and it
is related to the ethno-sociocultural context of the examined area but also the
socio-economic circumstances in Serbia.
A more complete insight into the topic may be acquired from the empirical
experience gathered in other scientific disciplines dealing with this problem but
also by repeating similar micro researches based on different methodologies in
the future. These other researches should locate the examination of the functioning
of the social network of primary relationships always into a specific scientific
and social context in order to avoid the trap of unification of the given problem
and the possible solutions. This indicates that the examination, the monitoring,
the understanding and the acquiring of the basic characteristics of the social
network of primary relationships in the local environment is of diverse importance,
both from the practical and the theoretical point of view.
When observed as a complete system, the basic expectations in this research
-
that contemporary social and economic circumstances in Vranje have activated
survival mechanisms in the private sphere of everyday life of people in Vranje
92
and these mechanisms are realised by means of the help and the support of the
local social network (the social network consists of relationships within the family
and among relatives and neighbours), as one of the basic strategies in the long-
lasting and exhausting social crisis that the contemporary Serbian society has fallen
into immediately after the fall of socialism, have been justified by the results of
the empirical research. However, since the examined variables were very complex,
and since the relationships between them were as complex and subtle as that,
researchers in the future will have ample opportunities to enter the microcosms
in the South of Serbia once again and study many other problems and issues related
to the relationships in the family and among relatives and neighbours in the area
of Vranje because it will be a challenge for researchers yet to come.
The practical implications can be derived from those research results that are
related to the practical aspect of primary life. The results obtained are a valuable
contribution to the examination of contemporary urban transformations and may
enable theoretical generalisations and structuralisations in the content of the
sociology of the development of society, the sociology of local communities,
the sociology of social changes and contemporary ethnosociology.
The social importance of the research may be identified in the research and
the analysis of the obtained results by indicating the current state of the family
in Vranje (represented in two ways as far as its structure is concerned both as a
wider family and a nuclear family) and its immediate environment (the relationship
with the environment is determined by the degree of vitality of traditional solidarity
and interaction among relatives and neighbours). This research points not only
to the spirit of togetherness in the local environment but also to the retained
efficiency of the primary social function as one of the possible alternatives of a
painless transition initiated from the lowest level and achieved from the local
perspective. The social importance of this moderate research may be identified
in the understanding of the way of thinking and behaving as far as both the
individual and the group are concerned and in finding important places as indicators
of the deblocking of modernising trends.
The scientific importance of the research may be identified in the application
of a microsociological approach, which is now a more present level of sociological
analysis than in the past, by means of which it has been proven that social life is
mainly present on the level of average and mediocrity
(Spasie
2004: 13),
and
that everyday life is accepted as an area where
the most important things happen:
it is a place where people live, where traces of history and memory can be seen,
where the future is being built and where people are dying, regardless of the socio-
economic circumstances
(Spasie
2004: 14).
The conducted research was meant
to observe the social reality from the lowest level, from the point of view of
micro-problems (problems within the family and among relatives and neighbours)
and it is based on the scientific value of sociological analysis related to the opinion
of the individual through the perspective of their face-to-face relationships
modified in the form of primary life practice which may be observed as diferentiu
specifiku
of this border area. According to these specific characteristics, it could
be determined what role and place this authentic cultural product would assume
in the delayed modernisation processes of the Serbian society.
This research is an attempt to present the limits and the possibilities of
sociological research of socio-cultural dynamics within the family and among
relatives and neighbours in Vranje with the aim to initiate future sociological
research and to stress the particularities of this area. The challenges and possibilities
93
of the pulsating social web of primary relationships in Vranje and its surroundings
are indisputable. The examination of transformations of primary relationships
has shown to be complex and necessary whereas its complexity demanded that
the scientific problem be expressed from more than one aspect (the historical,
ethnological, cultural, demographic and psychological) present in the amount
needed to be complementary to the sociological, that is to contribute in the way
that the research is seen and explained in an explicit way.
The intensified social changes mark our social life as well. The private level
of social life is the basis of the primary-group background; it is the source of
empathy and the cradle of socialisation which is marked by slow adjustment
processes to the demands of modernisation. It could be determined that though
the classical patriarchal structure has been outdated since long ago whereas the
delayed modernisation in the contemporary Serbian society has been blocked,
traditional structures are still present and important and the rural family is still
significantly different from the urban family. This moderate research indicates
the importance and the role of changes in the primary background and the social
reality stressing the fact that they can be measured more in the sense of their
structure than their content.
94
|
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| genre | (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Hochschulschrift |
| geographic | Vranje (DE-588)4119484-6 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Vranje |
| id | DE-604.BV037436662 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T23:24:20Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788672448603 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-022588661 |
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| owner | DE-12 |
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| physical | 96 S. |
| publishDate | 2010 |
| publishDateSearch | 2010 |
| publishDateSort | 2010 |
| publisher | Zadužbina Andrejević |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Biblioteka Dissertatio |
| series2 | Biblioteka Dissertatio |
| spelling | Zdravković, Danijela Verfasser aut Promene u primarnom zaleđu vraćanje u zajednicu Danijela Zdravković Beograd Zadužbina Andrejević 2010 96 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Biblioteka Dissertatio 271 Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Changes in the primary backround Zugl.: Niš, Univ., Diss., 2008 u.d.T.: Preobražaj društvenih odnosa unutar primarnih grupa u etno-sociokulturnom miljeu Vranja Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Zwischenmenschliche Beziehung (DE-588)4079583-4 gnd rswk-swf Sozialer Wandel (DE-588)4077587-2 gnd rswk-swf Vranje (DE-588)4119484-6 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Vranje (DE-588)4119484-6 g Sozialer Wandel (DE-588)4077587-2 s Zwischenmenschliche Beziehung (DE-588)4079583-4 s Geschichte z DE-604 Biblioteka Dissertatio 271 (DE-604)BV011904030 271 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=022588661&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=022588661&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Zdravković, Danijela Promene u primarnom zaleđu vraćanje u zajednicu Biblioteka Dissertatio Zwischenmenschliche Beziehung (DE-588)4079583-4 gnd Sozialer Wandel (DE-588)4077587-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4079583-4 (DE-588)4077587-2 (DE-588)4119484-6 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | Promene u primarnom zaleđu vraćanje u zajednicu |
| title_auth | Promene u primarnom zaleđu vraćanje u zajednicu |
| title_exact_search | Promene u primarnom zaleđu vraćanje u zajednicu |
| title_full | Promene u primarnom zaleđu vraćanje u zajednicu Danijela Zdravković |
| title_fullStr | Promene u primarnom zaleđu vraćanje u zajednicu Danijela Zdravković |
| title_full_unstemmed | Promene u primarnom zaleđu vraćanje u zajednicu Danijela Zdravković |
| title_short | Promene u primarnom zaleđu |
| title_sort | promene u primarnom zaledu vracanje u zajednicu |
| title_sub | vraćanje u zajednicu |
| topic | Zwischenmenschliche Beziehung (DE-588)4079583-4 gnd Sozialer Wandel (DE-588)4077587-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Zwischenmenschliche Beziehung Sozialer Wandel Vranje Hochschulschrift |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=022588661&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=022588661&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV011904030 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT zdravkovicdanijela promeneuprimarnomzaleđuvracanjeuzajednicu |