Czciciele Herkulesa w Rzymie: studium epigraficzno-antroponomastyczne (I - IV wiek n.e.)
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| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | Polish |
| Published: |
Toruń
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika
2005
|
| Edition: | Wyd. 1. |
| Series: | Rozprawy Habilitacyjne / Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Item Description: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: The worshippers of Hercules in Rome Bibliogr. s. 285-302. Indeks |
| Physical Description: | 318 s. 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 8323119066 |
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Record in the Search Index
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|---|---|
| adam_text | SPIS TREŚCI
Wstęp
................................................................................................... 9
Wprowadzenie.
Herkules
w rzymskiej epigrafice sakralnej okresu
cesarstwa
(I-IV
w.)
............................................................................. 22
1.
Chronologia, typologia i lokalizacja rzymskich inskrypcji poświę¬
conych Herkulesowi
......................................................................... 22
1.1.
Chronologia
.............................................................................. 22
1.2.
Typologia
.................................................................................. 26
1.3.
Miejsce wystawienia dedykacji
................................................. 28
2.
Przydomki kultowe i charakter kultu
Herkulesa
w cesarskim Rzymie
33
2.1.
Przydomki kultowe
................................................................... 33
2.2.
Formularz napisów herkulańskich
............................................. 49
2.3.
Herkules i Silvanus
................................................................... 50
2.4.
Kobiety i kult
Herkulesa
........................................................... 51
Rozdział I. Status prawny
................................................................... 53
1.
Certi
................................................................................................. 54
1.1.
Status prawny: antroponimia rzymska
....................................... 54
1.1.1.
Ingenui
i
liberti
............................................................... 54
1.1.1.
a. Filiacja
................................................................ 56
1.1.
l.b. Libertynacja
........................................................ 57
1.1.2.
Antroponimia niewolnicza
............................................... 59
1.2.
Funkcja jako wskazówka statusu prawnego
............................... 61
1.2.1.
Magistratury
.................................................................... 61
1.2.2.
Funkcje wojskowe
........................................................... 61
1
.2.2.a. Civitas
Romana
................................................... 62
.22.h.Ingenuitas
........................................................... 63
1.2.3.
Funkcje niewolnicze
........................................................ 67
6
Spis treści
___________________________
2.
Incerti
.............................................................................................. 70
2.1.
Cognomina
graeca
.................................................................... 71
2.2.
Inne elementy wskazujące na pochodzenie niewolnicze
............ 74
2.3.
Liberti incerti............................................................................
76
2.4.
Nomina
Simplicia
...................................................................... 83
3.
Status
prawny: podsumowanie
.......................................................... 88
Rozdział
II.
Kryterium funkcjonalne
................................................. 92
1.
Magistraci
........................................................................................ 93
2.
Armia
.............................:.....:........................................................... 96
2.1.
Pretorianie
................................................................................ 97
2.2.
Equités
singulares .....................................................................
98
2.2.1.
Equités
singulares:
dedykacje indywidualne
................... 99
2.2.2.
Equités
singulares:
dedykacje kolektywne
...................... 104
2.3.
Cohortes vigilum
....................................................................... 106
3.
Familia Caesaris
.............................................................................. 108
3.1.
Procuratores
............................................................................. 108
3.2.
Tabularii
................................................................................... 112
3.3. Optio et
exactor
auri
argenti aeris
oraz familia monetalis
........ 113
3.4.
Administracja cesarskich składów {horrea)
............................... 116
3.5.
Vilici
......................................................................................... 118
3.6.
Funkcje „dworskie
................................................................... 121
4.
Apparitores
...................................................................................... 123
5.
Magistri
vici.....................................................................................
124
6.
Funkcjonariusze kolegiów
................................................................ 127
6.1.
Quinquennales
.......................................................................... 128
6.2.
Curatores
.................................................................................. 131
7.
Collegiali
......................................................................................... 133
8.
Zarządcy, administratorzy
................................................................ 135
8.1.
Vilici
......................................................................................... 135
8.2.
Actores......................................................................................
137
8.3.
Dispensatores
............................................................................ 138
9.
Redemptor,fenarius, mulio
.............................................................. 140
9.1.
Redemptor (przedsiębiorca budowlany)
.................................... 140
9.2.
Fenarius (sprzedawca siana)
..................................................... 143
9.3.
Mulio (mulnik)
.......................................................................... 143
W.
Incerti
............................................................................................. 145
Rozdział III. Stratyfikacja społeczna
................................................. 150
1.
Elita imperialna
................................................................................ 156
1.1.
Warstwa kierownicza imperium („imperiale Fiihrungsschicht )
15 7
1.2.
Pozostali członkowie elity imperialnej
...................................... 158
Spis treści
2.
Warstwy średnie
{plebs
media?)
....................................................... 159
2.1.
Armia
........................................................................................ 162
2.1.1.
Pretorianie
....................................................................... 162
2.1.2.
Equités
singulares
Augusti ..............................................
165
2.1.3.
Vigiles
............................................................................. 166
2.2.
Familia
Caesaris
....................................................................... 167
2.3.
Apparitores
............................................................................... 168
2.4.
Magistri
vici
.............................................................................. 170
2.5.
Funkcjonariusze kolegiów
......................................................... 170
2.6.
Zamożni wyzwoleńcy
................................................................ 171
2.7.
Collegiati
.................................................................................. 172
3.
Warstwy niższe
{plebs humilis?)
...................................................... 174
3.1.
Niewolniczy „bussiness
managers
........................................... 174
3.2.
Sprzedawca siana i mulnik
........................................................ 177
Rozdział
IV.
Rzym
—
Italia — prowincje
.............................................. 180
1.
Baza źródłowa: rozprzestrzenienie materiału epigraficznego w Italii
i zachodniej części imperium
........................................................... 180
1.1.
Italia
.......................................................................................... 180
1.2.
Prowincje
.................................................................................. 181
2.
Fundatorzy: status prawny
................................................................ 184
3.
Fundatorzy: kryterium funkcjonalne
................................................. 186
3.1.
Funkcje senatorskie
................................................................... 187
3.2.
Funkcje ekwickie
...................................................................... 190
3.3.
Urzędnicy i kapłani municypalni,
decuriones
oraz
seviri Augu-
stales-
......................................................................................... 192
3.3.1.
Italia
................................................................................ 192
3.3.2.
Prowincje
........................................................................ 194
3.4.
Armia
........................................................................................ 196
3.4.1.
Italia
................................................................................ 196
3.4.2.
Prowincje
........................................................................ 198
3.5.
Familia Caesaris
....................................................................... 201
3.6.
Collegiati
.................................................................................. 202
3.7.
„Business
managers
................................................................. 203
3.8.
Scalptor statuarius,
aurar
ius,
medicus
...................................... 205
3.9.
Incerti .......................................................................................
206
4.
Fundatorzy: struktura społeczna
....................................................... 206
4.1.
Warstwy wyższe
........................................................................ 207
4.1.1.
Elita imperialna
............................................................... 207
4.1.2.
Elity lokalne
.................................................................... 208
4.2.
Warstwy średnie
........................................................................ 211
4.3.
Warstwy niższe
......................................................................... 212
8
Spis treści
Zakończenie
......................................................................................... 214
Appendix prosopographica
.................................................................. 222
Appendix epigraphica
..........................................■................................ 257
Wykaz skrótów
.................................................................................... 281
Bibliografía .........................................................................................
285
índices
.................................................................................................. 303
The Worshippers of Hercules in Rome. An Epigraphic and Anthro-
ponomastic Study (lst-3rd centuries
A.D.)·
Summary
........................ 313
The Worshippers of Hercules in Rome. An Epigraphic
and Anthroponomastic Study (lst-3rd centuries
A.D.)
(Summary)
The subject of the present study is a small part of the epigraphic output of
the Roman imperial period, namely the so-called
tituli
sacri,
dedicated to Hercules.
The analysis of the social structure of the
dedicante
of these inscriptions allowed to
verify several of the traditional opinions on the social background of the cult. Apart
from the quantitative aspect (the share of particular social groups in the phenome¬
non under study), it has been important to find the answer to the question about
a founder s underlying motives for the choice of the addressee of an inscription,
the method of its realization (the type of a monument, its localization, etc.). In
a significant number of cases, a social-propagandist aspect of a given foundation
had a great influence upon the decisions taken (an epigraphic monument as a part
of social self-definition of an individual). Systematic studies on the
tituli
sacri
as
one of the signs of social communication, embracing both the contents and the form
of the inscriptions, will allow to understand the language that the epigraphic
monuments spoke to the inhabitants of the Roman Empire in a better way.
Several factors influenced my selection of the dedicants of the inscriptions
dedicated to Hercules. Firstly, a great popularity of this god and, consequently,
relatively rich source materials. Secondly, a universal character of the cult, which
opens ways for comparative studies, both with respect to other great gods of the
Empire as well as geographical perspectives. Thirdly, a strong ideological impact,
ascribed to the cult by the modern historiography (on the one hand, Hercules was
interpreted as the guardian of then imperial household, and, on the other, as
a patron of lower social classes ).
The source base for the research on the Hercules s worshippers social
structure in imperial Rome is a dossier composed of
105
inscriptions dedicated to
Hercules by individual and collective founders.1
1
The term Hercules s worshippers, used in the title of the present work, is conven¬
tional in its character. The source material that we possess means that these are actually
dedicants of inscriptions dedicated to Hercules in the imperial period of Rome.
314
Summary
Re-creating the social structure of Roman worshippers of Hercules I take into
account two criteria, fundamental for the social status of an inhabitant of the
Roman Empire: the legal status (Chapter I) and the fulfilled function (Chapter II).
Only the combination of the data concerning these aspects allowed to determine the
position held by a dedicant under study in the Roman social hierarchy (Chapter III).
I also make an attempt to compare the results obtained on the basis of detailed
research on the epigraphic material coming from the capital of the empire with the
recreated outline of the social structure of the dedicants of inscriptions for Hercules
in Italy and in its provinces (Chapter IV). The analysis of the social status of the
group under study is preceded by remarks on the source material characteristics. In
the Introduction,
І
presented the most crucial observations concerning the chronol¬
ogy, typology, and localization of Roman inscriptions dedicated to Hercules.
Moreover, I discuss Hercules s cult names as well as the basic characteristics of his
cult in Rome, among others close relations with the Silvanus cult and the role of
women in the cult in question.
Determining a dedicant s legal status required finding answers to several ques¬
tions. First of all, it had to be resolved whether we deal with a free person or
a slave. In the first case, we will face further questions; the first one is related to
being born as a free man or as a slave
{ingenui -liberti),
another to enjoying
-
or
not
-
Roman citizenship {cives
Romani -peregrini).
Moreover, it had to be deter¬
mined whether a person identified as a Roman citizen
{civis
Romanus)
belonged to
any of the three privileged orders. Obviously, it was not always possible to answer
all the listed questions. The basic source of knowledge on the dedicants legal
status was their names and the information about the fulfilled function or practiced
profession. The group of dedicants with the legal status that is certain
{certi)
counts
59
people, which constitutes more than a half of all dedicants
(51.4%).
The group
is composed of
28
ingenui
(47.5%), 18
liberti
(30.5%),
and
13
servi
(22%).
Fur¬
thermore, within the
ingenui
category one can differentiate between four members
of the senatorial order
{ordo senatorius)
and one member of the equestrian order.
Dedications by two following groups, soldiers and
familia Caesaris
members, had
a crucial influence on the results obtained. A tendency to emphasise the affiliation
to these privileged and prestigious groups made their representatives inform about
their fulfilled functions, which entailed giving their legal status. As a result, both
groups are significantly over-represented in the
certi
category. Interestingly, slaves
and freedmen constitute more than a half of all
certi
(52.5%).
One can risk a state¬
ment that, contrary to a common misconception, a tendency to hide one s legal
status was not a typical phenomenon in this social group. What is more, one s legal
status of slave descent was not hidden not only by the members of
familia
Caesaris,
but also by numerous private slaves and freedmen, especially those who could
boast of their fulfilled function, or of their master s {dominus) or patron s member¬
ship in the Roman elite.
As much as
48%
people within the group under study are
incerti,
i.e. persons
with no unequivocally determined legal status. The size of the group of dedicants
with no certain legal status is so great that the interpretation of this part of the
source material has a decisive influence on the results obtained.
___________
The Worshippers of Hercules in Rome. An Epigraphic...
315
A fundamental problem is to distinguish people of a freedman status from the
whole group of
dedicante
using
tria
nomina.
Another is to settle to what legal cate¬
gory one can ascribe
dedicante
designated with a single name, that could well have
been both a simple name
{nomen
simplex
-
in the
servi
and
peregrini
groups) and
a surname {cognomen
-
in the cives
Romani
group). The data referred to in an
attempt to solve those issues do not inform unambiguously about a given person s
legal status but merely provide certain clues on the matter. Therefore, the conclu¬
sions drawn on their basis are subjective in the character. On the basis of the
analysis of the
dedicante
names and the social and archaeological context of their
foundations, a group of
27
liberti incerti
could have been isolated. From among
eight
incerti
designated with a single name
{nomen
simplex), only one may be
attributed to the
servi incerti
group.
If one relates the results of the analysis of the legal status of Herculean in¬
scriptions
dedicante
to categories used in the
dualistic
model of social structure
adopted by
Géza Alföldy,
it will appear that the upper classes {honestiores) consti¬
tute not even
5%
of the founders, with the remainder most likely aecribed to the
lower classes.2 In such a situation, a true statement is that an overwhelming major¬
ity of dedicants belonged to lower classes. The image (formally correct) obtained
in this way does not tell a lot about the social structure of the group under study.
It is thus a misunderstanding to formulate far-reaching conclusions about the social
background of the functioning of this cult on the basis of these comparisons.
Studying the social structure of the dedicants of votive inscriptions, we are forced
to reach for more precise instruments, taking into account the stratification of these
social groups that participated in the epigraphic output better than the criterion of
legal status.
The information on the fulfilled functions or professions given by the dedicants
under study allow their classification into several categories. Senatorial magistrates
constitute a small group, but the highest one in the social hierarchy. Another, dis¬
tinctly separate functional category is composed of military men (soldiers and
officers), attested among the founders of Herculean inscriptions. Similarly, the
representatives of
familia
Caesaris may be divided into two groups, depending on
whether they fulfilled administrative or court functions. In turn, people also
related to public (senatorial) administration were the so-called apparitores. Among
the founders, there are also the
magistri vicorum.
I treated official functionaries of
associations and the collegiati
-
ordinary members of associations as separate
categories. Another category comprises slave business managers
-
vilici
and
actores,
fulfilling the functions of agents and administrators. At the end, I discuss
three representatives of Roman crafts and trade
-
entrepreneur, hay merchant, and
a muleteer {redemptor,fenarius,
mul
io).
As in the case of the legal status criterion, the most numerous group are the
incerti
-
in this case persons that did not give the information about their fulfilled
functions or professions. Hypotheses concerning the functional structure of the last
2
The representatives of
familia
Caesaris, treated as a separate legal category by
Alföldy,
constitute
15.7%.
316
Summary
group are general in their character (they pertain to the whole group), since
attempts to ascribe particular
dedicante
to the respective functional categories on
the basis of indirect clues (the archaeological and social context of a given founda¬
tion, family relations, etc.) involve too great a risk of misinterpretation. Therefore,
I discuss this only in few cases.
An attempt to describe the social structure of the group under study is linked
with the necessity to address some of the schemes of the stratification of Roman
society that function in the contemporary literature. Those schemes, however, are to
be treated exclusively as useful methodological assistance, without expecting to
clearly classify all the categories of the heterogenous social reality of Rome. The
social stratification scheme used in the present work is based mostly on Karl
Christ s model.
With the basis of the legal and functional criteria, the dedicants of Herculean
inscriptions have been divided into three basic categories:
1.
The imperial elite. Its highest segment comprised the managing part
( imperiale
Führungsschicht; 4
persons). At a lower level in the social hierarchy,
there were dedicants
-
members of the equestrian order
(1
person) and the
procura-
tores
of
familia
Caesar is
(3
persons).
2.
Middle classes. Here belong: officers and soldiers of the garrison in the
capital city
(22),
the members of
familia Caesaris
below the procuratorial level
(15),
apparitores
(2),
magistri
vici
(6),
official functionaries of associations
{quin¬
quennales,
curatores
- 8),
especially affluent freedmen
(6),
and the ordinary
members of associations (collegiati
- 3).
The borderlines between those groups are
not always distinct. Certain persons belonged to more than one category, e.g. afflu¬
ent freedmen among the officials and members of associations or the representa¬
tives of
familia
Caesaris among apparitores.
3.
Lower classes. The majority of the groups constituting lower classes of the
capital city is difficult or quite impossible to trace in the epigraphic material. The
lack of epigraphic activity of the city s poor is understandable, since this group
could not take part in religious and social life for obvious reasons. In turn, wealthy
representatives of the
plebs
cannot be identified if the inscriptions founded by them
do not include data
-
internal or external
-
concerning the founders legal status.
Thus, in few cases only it was possible to distinguish persons of lower classes. The
information about their professions have decided it. One group is composed of
slave-managers
(dispensatores,
vilici,
actores
- 8),
another
-
a hay merchant and
a muleteer.
The fundamental aim of my research was to re-create the social structure of the
group composed of the founders of Herculean inscriptions in Rome. This, in turn,
has become the basis for deliberations on the social aspects of that special form of
religious activity. In Chapter IV, I made an attempt to answer the question of to
what extent the observations made in the previous chapters remain correct in rela¬
tion to the Italian and provincial epigraphies.3
5
The prosopographical corpus of all the founders of Latin inscriptions dedicated to
Hercules in Italy and the provinces would embrace nearly
500
people
(476).
The simplifi¬
cation of the analysis and the concentration on the
cerii
group, necessary in this situation
The Worshippers of Hercules in Rome. An Epigraphic...
317
The analysis of the foundations by the representatives of the highest ordines
leads to the conclusion that these representatives took the roles of votive inscrip¬
tions dedicants in the first place when their fulfilled function required that (they
satisfied the expectations of their environment in this way), or when the prestige of
a shrine gave their foundation appropriate propaganda value (the honorific-euergetic
aspect). If the members of the highest orders appear among the founders of votive
inscriptions in other circumstances, these are generally new people of the Roman
social elite. The inscriptions of the Tibur shrine and the center of the cult of Hercu¬
les Salutaris in
Dacia, or
late antiquity foundations of the praefecti
Urbi
and prae-
fecti annonae prove that the increase of the imperial elite representatives commit¬
ment to epigraphies of interest to us occurred only in exceptional circumstances.
The social structure of the dedicants belonging to middle classes in Italy and in
the provinces is clearly less varied than in Rome. Apart from commanders of dif¬
ferent levels, soldiers and legions veterans, who dominate in this category in prov¬
inces, middle classes are represented only by very few members of
familia
Caesaris
as well as several corporate functionaries and the ordinary
collegiali.
For obvious
reasons, there are no representatives of
magistri
vici,
characteristic of the capital,
and apparitores appear only in the material from
Ostia
and Tibur (everyone of the
equestrian order, thus belonging to a higher social category). The affluent freedmen
group, from which came a large number of Roman apparitores, satisfied their so¬
cial ambitions within the
Augustales
corporation. Also, among
Augustales,
we
should search for the entrepreneurs that operated on a large scale and that formed
a type of urban bourgeoisie.
Similarly to Rome, the traces of the representatives of lower classes are few
among the dedicants of Herculean inscriptions outside the capital. Among the few
slaves that appear in the material from Italy and provinces, the representatives of
this group s elite dominate (estate and business managers and fiscal apparatus
workers). The inscriptions giving the fulfilled profession of a dedicant, as scarce as
in Rome, do not allow to determine their social status unequivocally. Such profes¬
sions as sculptor,
medicus,
or aurarius may well have belonged to middle classes
as to the upper part of lower classes. Despite these doubts we can state that the
traces of the epigraphic activity of the representatives of lower classes, regardless
of whether we examine Rome, Italy, or the provinces, are decidedly too scarce to
draw conclusions about a special popularity of the Herculean cult in these social
classes on their basis. The lower classes representatives searched for other meth¬
ods, their media were rather inscriptions written or engraved on the walls and eve¬
ryday objects; in the sacral sphere, clay ex-vota, produced on a mass scale
-
and,
more importantly, cheap
-
had to be satisfactory for them.
Among the founders of Herculean inscriptions, possible to determine by means
of legal or functional criteria, the representatives of the so-called middle classes
dominate. The dedications by soldiers and officers, the members of
familia Cae-
saris
and affluent freedmen, associations functionaries, entrepreneurs and managers
(especially with respect to research into particular dedicant legal status), allowed to obtain
only an outline of the social structure of the group under study.
318
Summary
of various levels are more suited for the image of Hercules
-
the patron of
successful people more than the guardian of the exploited classes, as Elena
M. Štaerman
tried to prove it. The figure of the hero overcoming adversities on the
way to the world of gods catered to the needs of the class of which so many repre¬
sentatives had to overcome numerous social, and even legal barriers before
achieving social advance, wealth, or a prestigious function. Hercules, attested epi-
graphically is thus the god of the exploiting rather than the exploited. In the
inscriptions we will not find the patron of the fight with the social order, their
founders fought more for winning the best position in this order. The very act of
dedication of an altar, statue, or a relief was a clear sign that its founder s social
aspirations came true, at least partly. It is not a coincidence that in the votive in¬
scriptions we find so often mentions of a promotion to a higher position in the
army, or the dedicant s son entering the equestrian order or
ordo decurionum,
etc.
Addressing Hercules in this kind of inscriptions is fully understandable; we will
easily find certain mythological justification for the figure of Hercules interpreted
as the symbol of victory, not only in the military dimension. On the other hand, the
social structure of the founders of Herculean inscriptions ought not to be treated as
proof that Hercules was not a popular god with lower classes. The analysis that I
carried out proves merely that the evidence of Hercules popularity with lower
classes of Roman society is not to be searched in the epigraphic material.
Translation
Piotr
Sznyter
^
Staatebibliothek
j
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Wojciechowski, Przemysław 1968- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)123975549 |
| author_facet | Wojciechowski, Przemysław 1968- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Wojciechowski, Przemysław 1968- |
| author_variant | p w pw |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV037343623 |
| ctrlnum | (gbd)0974445 (OCoLC)69307328 (DE-599)BVBBV037343623 |
| edition | Wyd. 1. |
| era | Geschichte 1-400 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1-400 |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV037343623 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T23:22:31Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 8323119066 |
| language | Polish |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-022497286 |
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| physical | 318 s. 24 cm |
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| publishDate | 2005 |
| publishDateSearch | 2005 |
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| publisher | Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika |
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| series2 | Rozprawy Habilitacyjne / Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika |
| spelling | Wojciechowski, Przemysław 1968- Verfasser (DE-588)123975549 aut Czciciele Herkulesa w Rzymie studium epigraficzno-antroponomastyczne (I - IV wiek n.e.) Przemysław Wojciechowski Wyd. 1. Toruń Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika 2005 318 s. 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Rozprawy Habilitacyjne / Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: The worshippers of Hercules in Rome Bibliogr. s. 285-302. Indeks Herkules / (mitologia rzymska) / kult / Rzym (państwo) jhpk Herakles (DE-588)118639552 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1-400 gnd rswk-swf Inskrypcje łacińskie / Rzym (państwo) jhpk Stratyfikacja społeczna / Rzym (państwo) jhpk Nazwy osobowe / Rzym (państwo) jhpk Kult (DE-588)4033535-5 gnd rswk-swf Rom (DE-588)4050471-2 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Rom (DE-588)4050471-2 g Herakles (DE-588)118639552 p Kult (DE-588)4033535-5 s Geschichte 1-400 z DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 2 application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=022497286&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 2 application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=022497286&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Wojciechowski, Przemysław 1968- Czciciele Herkulesa w Rzymie studium epigraficzno-antroponomastyczne (I - IV wiek n.e.) Herkules / (mitologia rzymska) / kult / Rzym (państwo) jhpk Herakles (DE-588)118639552 gnd Inskrypcje łacińskie / Rzym (państwo) jhpk Stratyfikacja społeczna / Rzym (państwo) jhpk Nazwy osobowe / Rzym (państwo) jhpk Kult (DE-588)4033535-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)118639552 (DE-588)4033535-5 (DE-588)4050471-2 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | Czciciele Herkulesa w Rzymie studium epigraficzno-antroponomastyczne (I - IV wiek n.e.) |
| title_auth | Czciciele Herkulesa w Rzymie studium epigraficzno-antroponomastyczne (I - IV wiek n.e.) |
| title_exact_search | Czciciele Herkulesa w Rzymie studium epigraficzno-antroponomastyczne (I - IV wiek n.e.) |
| title_full | Czciciele Herkulesa w Rzymie studium epigraficzno-antroponomastyczne (I - IV wiek n.e.) Przemysław Wojciechowski |
| title_fullStr | Czciciele Herkulesa w Rzymie studium epigraficzno-antroponomastyczne (I - IV wiek n.e.) Przemysław Wojciechowski |
| title_full_unstemmed | Czciciele Herkulesa w Rzymie studium epigraficzno-antroponomastyczne (I - IV wiek n.e.) Przemysław Wojciechowski |
| title_short | Czciciele Herkulesa w Rzymie |
| title_sort | czciciele herkulesa w rzymie studium epigraficzno antroponomastyczne i iv wiek n e |
| title_sub | studium epigraficzno-antroponomastyczne (I - IV wiek n.e.) |
| topic | Herkules / (mitologia rzymska) / kult / Rzym (państwo) jhpk Herakles (DE-588)118639552 gnd Inskrypcje łacińskie / Rzym (państwo) jhpk Stratyfikacja społeczna / Rzym (państwo) jhpk Nazwy osobowe / Rzym (państwo) jhpk Kult (DE-588)4033535-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Herkules / (mitologia rzymska) / kult / Rzym (państwo) Herakles Inskrypcje łacińskie / Rzym (państwo) Stratyfikacja społeczna / Rzym (państwo) Nazwy osobowe / Rzym (państwo) Kult Rom Hochschulschrift |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=022497286&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=022497286&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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