Understanding nanomaterials:
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| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Boca Raton, Fla. [u.a.]
CRC
2011
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XIX, 307 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9781420073102 |
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Record in the Search Index
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Understanding nanomaterials
Autor: Johal, Malkiat S.
Jahr: 2011
Contents
Preface...........................................xv
Acknowledgments................................xvii
About the Author..................................xix
Chapter 1 A Brief Introduction to Nanoscience..........1
1.1 The Need for Nanoscience Education.....1
1.2 The Nanoscale Dimension and the
Scope of Nanoscience.................2
1.3 Self-Assembly........................5
1.4 Supramolecular Science...............6
1.5 Sources of Information on
Nanoscience.........................7
Chapter 2 Intermolecular Interactions and
Self-Assembly.............................9
Chapter Overview.........................9
2.1 Intermolecular Forces and
Self-Assembly........................9
2.1.1 Ion-Ion Interactions............ 11
2.1.2 Ion-Dipole Interactions......... 13
2.1.3 Dipole-Dipole Interactions...... 16
2.1.4 Interactions Involving Induced
Dipoles...................... 17
2.1.5 Dispersion Forces.............. 20
2.1.6 Overlap Repulsion............. 21
2.1.7 Total Intermolecular Potentials .. 24
2.1.8 Hydrogen Bonds............... 25
2.1.9 The Hydrophobic Effect......... 27
2.2 Electrostatic Forces Between Surfaces:
The Electrical Double Layer...........28
2.2.1 The Electrical Double Layer.....28
2.2.2 The Debye Length.............31
2.2.3 Interactions Between Charged
Surfaces in a Liquid............32
2.3 Intermolecular Forces and Aggregation. . 34
2.4 Simple Models Describing Electronic
Structure..........................36
2.4.1 The Particle in a Box Model.....37
2.4.2 Conjugation in Organic
Molecules....................43
2.4.3 Aggregation and Electronic
Structure....................47
2.4.4 n-n Stacking Interactions........49
References and Recommended Reading......49
End of Chapter Questions..................51
Chapter 3 Rudiments of Surface Nanoscience..........55
Chapter Overview........................55
3.1 Fundamentals of Surface Science......55
3.1.1 The Surface Energy of Solids
and Liquids..................55
3.1.2 Surface Free Energy of
Adsorbed Monolayers..........56
3.1.3 Contact Angles and Wetting
Phenomena...................61
3.1.4 Nanomaterials and
Superhydrophobic Surfaces.....62
3.2 Adsorption Phenomena: Self-
Assembled Monolayers...............68
3.2.1 Simple Adsorption Isotherms ... . 73
3.2.2 Other Useful Adsorption
Isotherms....................78
3.3 Surfactant Chemistry................79
3.3.1 Micelle and Microemulsion
Formation....................82
3.3.2 The Determination of Surface
Excess: The CMC and the Cross-
Sectional Area per Molecule.....84
References and Recommended Reading......88
End of Chapter Questions..................89
Chapter 4 Characterization at the Nanoscale...........97
Chapter Overview........................97
4.1 Surface Tensiometry: The Surface
Tensiometer........................97
4.2 Quartz Crystal Microbalance.........101
4.2.1 The Piezoelectric Effect........ 102
4.2.2 QCM Principles.............. 103
4.2.3 QCM and Dissipation (D)....... 105
4.2.4 Modern QCM-D Setup......... 107
4.3 Ellipsometry.......................108
4.3.1 Basic Principles of
Electromagnetic Theory and
Polarized Light...............109
4.3.2 Basic Principles of Ellipsometry. 113
4.3.3 Obtaining the Thickness of
Films: Optical Parameters Del
(A) and Psi ( )................115
4.3.4 The Ellipsometer.............117
4.4 Surface Plasmon Resonance...........119
4.4.1 Principles of SPR.............120
4.4.2 SPR Instrument Setup.........122
4.5 Dual Polarization Interferometry......124
4.5.1 Waveguide Basics.............124
4.5.2 Waveguide Interferometry and
the Effective Refractive Index. . . 125
4.5.3 Principles of Dual Polarization
Interferometry...............128
4.5.4 Parameters of a DPI Instrument
and Common Applications.....130
4.6 Spectroscopic Methods..............130
4.6.1 Interactions Between Light and
Matter......................132
4.6.2 UV-Visible Spectroscopy.......135
4.6.2.1 Principles of UV-Visible
Spectroscopy.........135
4.6.2.2 Setup of a UV-Visible
Spectrophotometer.....136
4.6.3 The Absorption of Visible Light
by a Nanofilm................138
4.6.4 Molecular Fluorescence
Spectroscopy................141
4.6.4.1 Principles of
Fluorescence and
Fluorescence Quantum
Yield................141
4.6.4.2 Setup of a Fluorometer
for Bulk Phase and
Thin Film Fluorescence
Measurements........143
4.6.5 Vibrational Spectroscopy
Methods....................144
4.6.5.1 Introduction to
Vibrational Modes.....144
4.6.5.2 Attenuated Total
Reflection IR
Spectroscopy.........148
4.6.5.3 Reflection Absorption
IR Spectroscopy.......150
4.6.6 Raman Spectroscopy..........150
4.6.6.1 Rayleigh and Raman
Light Scattering.......150
4.6.6.2 Surface Enhanced
Raman Spectroscopy. . . 154
4.7 Nonlinear Spectroscopic Methods.....155
4.7.1 An Introduction to Nonlinear
Optics......................155
4.7.2 Second-Harmonic Generation. . . 159
4.7.3 Sum-Frequency Generation
Spectroscopy................162
4.8 X-Ray Spectroscopy.................167
4.8.1 Absorption..................167
4.8.2 Fluorescence.................167
4.8.3 Diffraction..................168
4.9 Imaging Nanostructures.............169
4.9.1 Imaging Ellipsometry.........169
4.9.1.1 Imaging Using
Conventional
Ellipsometry..........169
4.9.1.2 Principles of Modern
Imaging Ellipsometry. . . 169
4.9.1.3 Methods for Extracting
Ellipsometric Data in
Imaging Ellipsometry. . . 170
4.9.1.4 Image Focusing.......171
4.9.1.5 Resolution of an
Imaging Ellipsometer. . . 171
4.9.2 Scanning Probe Methods......172
4.9.2.1 Scanning Tunneling
Microscopy...........172
4.9.2.2 Atomic Force
Microscopy...........176
4.9.3 Transmission Electron
Microscopy..................179
4.9.3.1 Principles of TEM.....179
4.9.3.2 TEM Instrumentation... 183
4.9.4 Near-Field Scanning Optical
Microscopy..................185
4.9.4.1 History and Principles
ofNSOM.............186
4.9.4.2 Modern NSOM
Instrumentation
and Different NSOM
Operating Modes......187
4.10 Light Scattering Methods............191
4.10.1 The Measurement of
Scattered Light: Determining
the Aggregation Number
of Micelles..................192
4.10.2 Dynamic Light Scattering......195
References and Recommended Reading.....200
End of Chapter Questions.................200
Chapter 5 Types and Uses of Some Nanomaterials.....207
Chapter Overview.......................207
5.1 Supramolecular Machines...........207
5.1.1 Model Dye System............208
5.1.2 Photorelaxation..............211
5.1.3 Formation and Properties of the
Exciton.....................212
5.2 Nanowires........................215
5.2.1 Basic Quantum Mechanics of
Nanowires..................216
5.2.2 Conductivity.................217
5.2.3 Nanowire Synthesis...........218
5.2.4 Summary...................219
5.3 Carbon Nanotubes..................220
5.3.1 Carbon Nanotube Structure .... 220
5.3.2 Some Properties of Nanotubes .. 222
5.3.3 Methods for Growing
Nanotubes................... 222
5.3.3.1 Arc Discharge......... 223
5.3.3.2 Laser Ablation........ 223
5.3.3.3 Chemical Vapor
Deposition........... 224
5.3.4 Catalyst-Induced Growth
Mechanism.................. 224
5.4 Quantum Dots..................... 225
5.4.1 Optical Properties............226
5.4.2 Synthesis of Quantum Dots .... 227
5.4.2.1 Precipitative Methods ... 227
5.4.2.2 Reactive Methods in
High-Boiling-Point
Solvents............. 228
5.4.2.3 Gas-Phase Synthesis
of Semiconductor
Nanoparticles......... 229
5.4.2.4 Synthesis in a
Structured Medium. . . . 229
5.4.3 In Vivo Molecular and Cell
Imaging..................... 229
5.5 Langmuir-Blodgett Films............ 230
5.5.1 Langmuir Films.............. 232
5.5.2 Langmuir-Blodgett Films...... 234
5.6 Polyelectrolytes.................... 237
5.6.1 Electrostatic Self-Assembly..... 238
5.6.2 Charge Reversal and
Interpenetration.............. 241
5.6.3 Multilayer Formation.......... 243
5.7 Model Phospholipid Bilayer Formation
and Characterization................ 244
5.7.1 Black Lipid Membranes........ 245
5.7.2 Solid Supported Lipid Bilayers. . 246
5.7.3 Polymer Cushioned
Phospholipid Bilayers......... 250
5.7.4 Fluorescence Recovery after
Photobleaching............... 250
5.7.5 Fluorescence Resonant Energy
Transfer..................... 252
5.7.6 Fluorescence Interference
Contrast Microscopy.......... 253
5.8 Self-Assembled Monolayers.......... 255
5.8.1 Thiols on Gold............... 256
5.8.2 Silanes on Glass.............. 257
5.9 Patterning......................... 258
5.9.1 Optical Lithography........... 259
5.9.2 Soft Lithography............. 262
5.9.3 Nanosphere Lithography....... 262
5.9.4 Patterning Using AFM......... 263
5.9.5 Summary................... 266
5.10 DNA and Lipid Microarrays.......... 266
5.10.1 Using a DNA Microarray....... 266
5.10.2 Array Fabrication............. 267
5.10.3 Optimization................ 270
5.10.4 Applications................. 271
5.10.5 Arrays of Supported Bilayers
and Microfluidic Platforms.....271
5.10.6 Summary....................274
Cited References.........................274
References and Recommended Reading.....276
End of Chapter Questions.................278
Appendix........................................281
Glossary.........................................283
Index...........................................295
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Johal, Malkiat S. |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1045116068 |
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| discipline | Chemie / Pharmazie Werkstoffwissenschaften / Fertigungstechnik |
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| spelling | Johal, Malkiat S. Verfasser (DE-588)1045116068 aut Understanding nanomaterials Malkiat S. Johal Boca Raton, Fla. [u.a.] CRC 2011 XIX, 307 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Nanostrukturiertes Material (DE-588)4342626-8 gnd rswk-swf Nanostructured materials Nanostrukturiertes Material (DE-588)4342626-8 s DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=022485287&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Johal, Malkiat S. Understanding nanomaterials Nanostrukturiertes Material (DE-588)4342626-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4342626-8 |
| title | Understanding nanomaterials |
| title_auth | Understanding nanomaterials |
| title_exact_search | Understanding nanomaterials |
| title_full | Understanding nanomaterials Malkiat S. Johal |
| title_fullStr | Understanding nanomaterials Malkiat S. Johal |
| title_full_unstemmed | Understanding nanomaterials Malkiat S. Johal |
| title_short | Understanding nanomaterials |
| title_sort | understanding nanomaterials |
| topic | Nanostrukturiertes Material (DE-588)4342626-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Nanostrukturiertes Material |
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