Thermophotovoltaics: basic principles and critical aspects of system design
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Berlin [u.a.]
Springer
2011
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Green energy and technology
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltstext Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XX, 202 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9783642199646 364219964X |
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IMAGE 1
CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 IMPORTANCE OF THERMOPHOTOVOLTAICS 1
1.1.1 ENERGY ASPECT 1
1.1.2 TECHNOLOGY ASPECT 2
1.2 COMPARISON OF SOLAR PV AND TPV CONVERSION 3
1.2.1 SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAICS 3
1.2.2 THERMOPHOTOVOLTAICS 3
1.3 TPV LITERATURE 5
1.4 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT 6
1.5 ENERGY BALANCE AND EFFICIENCY OF A GENERAL TYPE SYSTEM . . 7
REFERENCES 11
PART I SINGLE COMPONENTS
2 RADIATORS (EMITTERS) 17
2.1 INTRODUCTION 17
2.2 THERMAL STABILITY OF THE RADIATOR 18
2.3 BROADBAND CERAMIC RADIATORS 19
2.3.1 OXIDE BASED CERAMICS 20
2.3.2 NON-OXIDE BASED CERAMICS 21
2.4 SELECTIVE RADIATORS BASED ON TRANSITION METAL OXIDES 22 2.4.1
F-TRANSITION METAL OXIDES 22
2.4.2 D-TRANSITION METAL OXIDES 22
2.4.3 OPTICALLY THICK RADIATORS 24
2.4.4 OPTICALLY THIN RADIATORS 25
2.5 METAL RADIATORS 26
2.5.1 MATERIAL OPTIONS 26
2.5.2 MICRO AND NANO-STRUCTURES 28
BIBLIOGRAFISCHE INFORMATIONEN HTTP://D-NB.INFO/1010287230
DIGITALISIERT DURCH
IMAGE 2
VIII CONTENTS
2.6 OTHER NOVEL RADIATOR MATERIALS AND CONCEPTS 29
2.7 SUMMARY 30
REFERENCES 30
3 FILTERS 35
3.1 INTRODUCTION 35
3.2 BULK DIELECTRICS IN THE CAVITY (HEAT SHIELDS) 37
3.2.1 CRYSTALLINE MATERIALS 37
3.2.2 AMORPHOUS MATERIALS (GLASSES) 39
3.3 FREQUENCY SELECTIVE SURFACE (FSS) FILTERS 42
3.4 TRANSPARENT CONDUCTING OXIDE (TCO) FILTERS 43
3.5 ALL-DIELECTRIC FILTERS 45
3.6 METAL-DIELECTRIC FILTERS 45
3.7 COMBINED DIELECTRIC-TCO FILTERS 46
3.8 OTHER FILTER CONCEPTS 46
3.9 SUMMARY 47
REFERENCES 48
4 PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS 53
4.1 INTRODUCTION 53
4.2 PV CELL THEORY 53
4.2.1 CURRENT-VOLTAGE CHARACTERISTICS 54
4.2.2 DARK SATURATION CURRENT DENSITY 55
4.2.3 COLLECTION EFFICIENCY 57
4.2.4 VOLTAGE FACTOR 58
4.2.5 FILL FACTOR 60
4.2.6 IDEAL PV CELL RELATED EFFICIENCY 61
4.3 FABRICATION TECHNOLOGIES AND EPITAXIAL GROWTH 62
4.4 PV CELL DESIGN WITH SPECTRAL CONTROL 64
4.4.1 FRONT SURFACE FILTERS (FSFS) 64
4.4.2 BACK SURFACE REFLECTORS (BSRS) AND BURIED LAYER REFLECTORS 64
4.5 GROUP OF IV SEMICONDUCTORS 65
4.5.1 SILICON (SI) 65
4.5.2 GERMANIUM (GE) 66
4.5.3 SILICON-GERMANIUM (SIGE) 66
4.6 GROUP OF III-V SEMICONDUCTORS 66
4.6.1 GALLIUM ANTIMOM'DE (GASB) 67
4.6.2 INDIUM GALLIUM ARSENIDE (INGAAS) 68
4.6.3 INDIUM GALLIUM ARSENIDE ANTIMONIDE (INGAASSB) . . 69 4.7 OTHER
MATERIALS AND ASPECTS 69
4.7.1 TANDEM CELLS 69
4.7.2 ALTERNATIVE SEMICONDUCTORS, CELL DESIGNS AND CONCEPTS 71
IMAGE 3
CONTENTS
4.7.3 EFFICIENCY MEASUREMENT OF PV CELLS 72
4.7.4 PV CELL COOLING 73
4.7.5 AUXILIARY ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS 73
4.8 SUMMARY 73
REFERENCES 74
PART II SYSTEMS
5 HEAT TRANSFER THEORY AND SYSTEM MODELLING 85
5.1 INTRODUCTION 85
5.2 CONDUCTION 86
5.3 CONVECTION 87
5.4 RADIATION 88
5.4.1 ABSORPTION OF RADIATION 88
5.4.2 EMISSION OF RADIATION 89
5.4.3 RADIATION INTERACTION AT SURFACES 91
5.4.4 RADIATIVE HEAT TRANSFER WITHIN TPV CAVITIES 93 5.4.5 RADIATIVE
HEAT TRANSFER WITH PARTICIPATING MEDIA. . . 94 5.4.6 RADIATIVE HEAT
TRANSFER ENHANCED BY THE REFRACTIVE INDEX 95
5.5 COMBINED HEAT TRANSFER MODES 96
5.6 SUMMARY 97
REFERENCES 97
6 CAVITY DESIGN AND OPTICAL CONTROL 101
6.1 INTRODUCTION 101
6.2 ULTIMATE EFFICIENCY AND POWER DENSITY (UPPER LIMITS) 102 6.2.1 SOLAR
PV CONVERSION 103
6.2.2 TPV CONVERSION WITHOUT SPECTRAL CONTROL 104 6.2.3 TPV CONVERSION
WITH SPECTRAL CONTROL 104
6.2.4 SUMMARY 109
6.3 TPV CAVITY ARRANGEMENTS 110
6.3.1 CONFIGURATION WITH MINIMUM MIRROR UTILISATION 110 6.3.2 TUBULAR
AND PLANAR CONFIGURATIONS WITH MIRRORS I LL 6.3.3 COLLIMATOR AND
CONCENTRATOR IN THE CAVITY 112
6.3.4 RADIATION GUIDANCE BY TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION IN DIELECTRICS 113
6.4 THERMAL INSULATION DESIGN 114
6.4.1 MATERIALS FOR THERMAL INSULATION 114
6.4.2 REFLECTIVE THERMAL INSULATION DESIGN 116
6.5 NOVEL AND TPV-RELATED CONCEPTS 117
6.5.1 THERMOPHOTONICS 117
6.5.2 DIELECTRIC PHOTON CONCENTRATION 118
IMAGE 4
X CONTENTS
6.5.3 MICRO GENERATORS 119
6.5.4 BLACKBODY PUMPED LASER 120
6.5.5 TPV CASCADED WITH OTHER CONVERTERS 120
6.6 SUMMARY 120
REFERENCES 121
7 COMPETING TECHNOLOGIES 129
7.1 INTRODUCTION 129
7.2 HEAT ENGINE GENERATORS 130
7.2.1 INTERNAL HEAT ENGINE GENERATORS 130
7.2.2 EXTERNAL HEAT ENGINE GENERATORS 131
7.3 ELECTRO-CHEMICAL CELLS 132
7.3.1 PRIMARY AND SECONDARY CELLS (BATTERIES) 132
7.3.2 TERTIARY CELLS (FUEL CELLS) 134
7.4 DIRECT HEAT-TO-ELECTRICITY CONVERSION DEVICES 135
7.4.1 THERMOELECTRIC CONVERTER 135
7.4.2 ALKALI METAL THERMAL-TO-ELECTRIC CONVERTER (AMTEC) 137
7.4.3 THERMIONIC CONVERTER 138
7.5 SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS 140
7.6 SUMMARY, DISCUSSION AND COMPARISON WITH TPV 140
REFERENCES 142
8 APPLICATIONS OF TPV GENERATORS 147
8.1 INTRODUCTION 147
8.1.1 HEAT SOURCES 147
8.1.2 LITERATURE OF TPV APPLICATIONS 147
8.1.3 ASSUMPTIONS OF THE APPLICATION ASSESSMENT 149 8.2 NUCLEAR
GENERATOR 153
8.2.1 NUCLEAR HEAT SOURCE 153
8.2.2 NUCLEAR APPLICATIONS 154
8.3 SOLAR GENERATOR 155
8.3.1 SOLAR HEAT SOURCE 155
8.3.2 SOLAR APPLICATIONS 157
8.4 COMBUSTION GENERATOR 161
8.4.1 COMBUSTION HEAT SOURCE 161
8.4.2 COMBUSTION APPLICATION: PORTABLE POWER 165
8.4.3 COMBUSTION APPLICATION: UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIES 167
8.4.4 COMBUSTION APPLICATION: REMOTE POWER 168
8.4.5 COMBUSTION APPLICATION: TRANSPORT SECTOR 171 8.4.6 COMBUSTION
APPLICATION: COMBINED HEAT AND POWER 175
8.5 WASTE HEAT RECOVERY GENERATOR 179
IMAGE 5
CONTENTS XI
8.5.1 WASTE HEAT SOURCE 179
8.5.2 WASTE HEAT APPLICATION: SELF-POWERED HEATING 180 8.5.3 WASTE HEAT
APPLICATION: INDUSTRIAL HIGH-TEMPERATURE PROCESSES 182
8.6 SUMMARY 185
REFERENCES 188
INDEX 197 |
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| discipline | Energietechnik Elektrotechnik / Elektronik / Nachrichtentechnik |
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| indexdate | 2024-11-08T04:01:35Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9783642199646 364219964X |
| language | English |
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| spellingShingle | Bauer, Thomas 1979- Thermophotovoltaics basic principles and critical aspects of system design Thermofotovoltaik (DE-588)7755300-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)7755300-7 |
| title | Thermophotovoltaics basic principles and critical aspects of system design |
| title_auth | Thermophotovoltaics basic principles and critical aspects of system design |
| title_exact_search | Thermophotovoltaics basic principles and critical aspects of system design |
| title_full | Thermophotovoltaics basic principles and critical aspects of system design Thomas Bauer |
| title_fullStr | Thermophotovoltaics basic principles and critical aspects of system design Thomas Bauer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Thermophotovoltaics basic principles and critical aspects of system design Thomas Bauer |
| title_short | Thermophotovoltaics |
| title_sort | thermophotovoltaics basic principles and critical aspects of system design |
| title_sub | basic principles and critical aspects of system design |
| topic | Thermofotovoltaik (DE-588)7755300-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Thermofotovoltaik |
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