Handbook of nonwoven filter media:
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Amsterdam ; Heidelberg [u.a.]
Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann
2007
|
| Edition: | 1. ed. |
| Series: | IChemE
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Physical Description: | XVII, 473 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 24cm |
| ISBN: | 9781856174411 1856174417 |
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MARC
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| 020 | |a 9781856174411 |9 978-1-85617-441-1 | ||
| 020 | |a 1856174417 |c (pbk) : £94.99 pbk : £94.99 : CIP entry (Dec.) |9 1-85617-441-7 | ||
| 024 | 3 | |a 9781856174411 | |
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)254980165 | ||
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| 100 | 1 | |a Hutten, Irwin Marshall |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Handbook of nonwoven filter media |c Irwin M. Hutten |
| 250 | |a 1. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Amsterdam ; Heidelberg [u.a.] |b Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann |c 2007 | |
| 300 | |a XVII, 473 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. |c 24cm | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 0 | |a IChemE | |
| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references and index | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Filters and filtration / Handbooks, manuals, etc. | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Faserfilter |0 (DE-588)4153754-3 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Faserfilter |0 (DE-588)4153754-3 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
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| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-021188348 | ||
Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804143901365239808 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Preface
xiii
Chapter
1
Introduction to Nonwoven Filter Media
1
1.1
Introduction
1
1.2
Filtration and Separation Defined
1
1.3
Nonwovens Defined
2
1.4
Definition of Filter Media
6
1.4.1
Adsorbent media ft
1.4.2
Absorbent media
7
1.4.3
Coalescing media
7
1.4.4
Electro-filtration
7
1.4.5
Antimicrobial media
8
1.4.6
Extraction
8
1.4.7
Filter support
8
1.4.8
Composite structures
8
1.5
Nonwoven Filter Media Defined
9
1
.ft What Is Not a Nonwoven Filter Medium
9
1.7
Classification of Nonwovens by Process
10
1.7.1
Dry formed processes
10
1.7.1.1
Air laid
10
1.7.1.2
Dry laid webs and felts
13
1.7.1.3
Spunbonded
18
1.7.1.4
Melt-blown
19
1.7.1.5
Electrospun process
20
1.7.2
Wet laid
22
1.7.2.1
Forming of wet lay webs
22
1.7.2.2
Bonding of wet laid nonwovens
2 3
1.7.2.3
Converting processes for wet lay webs
24
1.7.3
Composite structures
24
1.8
The Challenges of Nonwoven Filter Media
26
Chapter
2
Filtration Mechanisms and Theory
29
2.1
Filtration Mechanisms
29
2.1.1
Types of filtration mechanisms
29
2.1.2
Mechanisms of particle capture
30
2.1.3
Reentrainment and media migration
З З
vi
Contents
Chapter
3
2.1.4
Membrane processes
33
2.1.4.1 Microfiltration
33
2.1.4.2 Ultrafiltration
3 3
2.1.4.3
Nanofiltration
33
2.1
A A Reverse osmosis
34
2.1.4.5
Membrane process summary
34
2.2
Filtration Theory
34
2.2.1
Flow dynamics
34
2.2.2
The equations of motion and continuity
36
2.2.2.1
The equation of continuity
36
2.2.2.2
The equation of motion
36
2.2.3
Flow through porous media: channel
theory
37
2.2.3.1
Darcy s law
37
2.2.3.2
The Hagen-Poiseuille equation
39
2.2.3.3
The Kozeny-Carman equation
39
2.2.4
Flow through porous media: cell
model theory
42
2.2
A.I Davies equation
42
2.2.4.2
Langmuir s theory
44
2.2.4.3
Happel and Kuwabara models
47
2.2.4.4
Advances in cell model theory
51
2.2.4.5
Drag model theory
53
2.2.4.6
Computational fluid dynamics
56
2.3
Particle Filtration
56
2.3.1
Single fiber theory
57
2.3.2
Particle capture based on the Kuwabara flow
model
59
2.3.2.1
Justification for Kuwabara flow
model
59
2.3.2.2
Mechanisms of particle capture
60
2.3.2.3
Di mensionless
numbers
60
2.3.2.4
Results of various investigators
62
2.3.3
Structure of fibrous filters
65
Prop«
îrties
of Nonwoven Filter Media
71
3.1
Characteristics and Properties of Air Laid Webs
71
3.2
Characteristics and Properties of Dry Laid Webs
71
3.2.1
Needle punched felts
71
3.2.2
Hydroentangled webs
73
3.2.3
High loft filter media
73
3.3
Characteristics and Properties of Spunbonded Webs
74
3.4
Characteristics and Properties of Melt-Blown Webs
79
3.5
Characteristics and Properties of Wet Laid Webs
81
3.5.1
Base sheet
81
3.5.2
Resin treated filter media
82
3.5.3
Glass
microfiber
filter media
85
Chapter
4
Coiiíenís
vii
3.6
Electret Filter Media
87
3.6.1
Electrostatically spun fibers
87
3.6.2
Fibrillateci
electret film
88
3.6.3
Corona treated melt-blown fibers
90
3.6.4
Carded blends of triboelectric fibers
92
3.7
Coalescing Media
95
3.8
Composite Structures
96
3.9
Adsorptive Media
97
3.10
Antimicrobial Media
102
Raw
Materials for Nonwoven Filter Media
103
4.1
Introduction
103
4.2
Polymers
103
4.3
Fibers
112
4.3.1
Classification
112
4.3.2
Physical characteristics
112
4.3.3
Physical chemical characteristics
113
4.3.4
Fiber properties for filtration media
113
4.3.4.1
Diameter
115
4.3.4.2
Length
116
4.3.4.3
Aspect ratio
118
4.3.4.4
Density
118
4.3.4.5
Linear density
119
4.3.4.6
Cross-section shape
119
4.3.4.7
Moisture content and moisture
absorption
120
4.3.4.8
Thermal properties
121
4.3.4.9
Strength properties of fibers
122
4.3.5
Fiber types
122
4.3.5.1
Natural fibers
122
4.3.5.2
Synthetic fibers: organic
145
4.3.5.3
Inorganic fibers
159
4.3.5.4
Specialty fibers
168
4.4
Resins and Binders
175
4.4.1
Formaldehyde resins
175
4.4.1.1
Phenolic resins
175
4.4.1.2
Melamine formaldehyde
178
4.4.1.3
Urea formaldehyde
178
4.4.2
Latex resins
178
4.4.2.1
Introduction to latex resins
178
4.4.2.2
Polymer systems for latex resins
183
4.4.2.3
Solution polymers
185
4.4.2.4
Cross-linking agents for water-
based resins
188
4.5
Additives and Finishes
188
4.5.1
Adsorbent materials
188
4.5.2
Flame
retardants
190
viii Contents
Chapter
5
Chapter
6
4.5.3
Water repellents
193
4.5.4
Antimicrobial agents
194
Processes for Nonwoven Filter Media
195
5.1
Dry Formed
195
5.1.1
Air laid
195
5.1.2
Dry laid webs and felts
196
5.1.2.1
Forming of dry laid webs
196
5.1.2.2
Bale opening, feeding, and blending
200
5.1.2.3
Bonding of dry laid webs
202
5.1.3
Spunbonded webs
209
5.1.4
Melt-blown webs
215
5.1.5
Electrospun webs
219
5.2
Wet Lay Process
220
5.2.1
Forming of wet lay webs
221
5.2.2
Drying of wet lay webs
226
5.2.3
Bonding of wet laid nonwovens
227
5.2.3.1
Wet end bonding
227
5.2.3.2
Resin application to the web
228
5.2.4
Converting processes for wet lay webs
229
5.2.4.1
Corrugating
229
5.2.4.2
Creping
230
5.2.4.3
Rewinding and slitting
231
5.2.4.4
Stamping and dye cutting
233
5.2.4.5
Bag making
233
5.2.4.6
Pleating
233
5.3
Composite Structures
233
5.3.1
SMS process
234
5.3.2
Multi-ply forming
234
5.3.3
Laminating
234
5.3.4
Entanglement
234
5.3.5
Collectors
234
5.4
The Pleating Process
235
5.4.1
Gearpleaters
235
5.4.2
Blade pleaters
235
5.4.3
Knife pleaters
238
5.4.4
Rotary pleaters
239
Testit
ig
of Nonwoven Filter Media
245
6.1
Grammage
or Basis Weight
245
6.2
Volatiles
and Moisture Content
246
6.3
Formaldehyde Content
246
6.4
Caliper or Thickness
247
6.5
Air Permeability
248
6.6
Density and Bulk
248
6.7
Solidity and Porosity
250
6.8
Pore Size and Pore Structure
254
Contents
ix
6.8.1
Bubble point
254
6.8.2
Meanflowporesize
256
6.9
Other Techniques for Measuring Pore Size and Structure
258
6.9.1
Image analysis
258
6.9.2
Microscopy
259
6.9.3
X-ray microtomography
259
6.9.4
Liquid extrusion porosimetry
261
6.9.5
Liquid intrusion porosimetry
263
6.9.6
Gas/vapor adsorption (BET)
264
6.9.7
Summation
265
6.10
Strength Properties
267
6.10.1
Tensile properties
267
6.10.1.1
Dry tensile properties
267
6.10.1.2
Wet tensile strength
271
6.10.2
Other strength related properties
272
6.10.2.1
Grab tensile strength
ASTMD4632
272
6.10.2.2
Burst strength
272
6.10.2.3
Tear strength
273
6.10.2.4
Stiffness
275
6.10.2.5
Internal bond strength
277
6.10.2.6
Fold endurance
278
6.11
Water Repellency and Water/Moisture Resistance
278
6.11.1
Water repellency
2 78
6.11.2
Water resistance
280
6.11.3
Moisture resistance
281
6.12
Flammability
282
6.13
Filter Media Filtration Testing
28 3
6.13.1
Efficiency
284
6.13.1.1
Filtration efficiency
284
6.13.1.2
Single pass efficiency
285
6.13.1.3
Cumulative efficiency
285
6.13.1.4
Micron rating
285
6.13.1.5
Multi-pass efficiency
286
6.13.1.6
Beta rating
286
6.13.1.7
Fractional efficiency
286
6.13.1.8
MERV rating
286
6.13.1.9
Arrestance
287
6.13.1.10
ASHRAE dust-spot efficiency
287
6.13.1.11
CEN
ratings
287
6.13.1.12
HEPA and ULPA ratings
287
6.13.1.13
MPPS
288
6.13.1.14
Aerosol efficiency penetrometers
288
6.13.1.15
Filtration efficiency, bacterial
filtration efficiency, and viral
filtration efficiency
288
7.2.1
Needlefelt
products
7.2.2
Melt-blown media
7.2.3
Spunbond media
7.2.4
Electrospun media
7.2.5
Filter papers
7.2.5.1
Industrial filter papers
7.2.5.2
Laboratory papers
7.2.5.3
Filter sheets
7.2.6
Resin treated filter paper
7.2.7
Composite structures
χ
Contents
6.13.2
Pressure drop
290
6.13.3
Filter life testing
290
Chapter
7
Liquid Filter Applications
291
7.1
Introduction to Liquid Filter Applications
291
7.2
Nonwoven Filter Media for Liquid Filter
Applications
292
292
293
294
294
294
294
295
297
298
298
7.3
Filters that Use Nonwoven Filter Media
299
7.3.1
Roll filters
299
7.3.1.1
Description of roll filters
299
7.3.1.2
Media for roll filters
301
7.3.2
Nonwovens for replaceable filter elements
303
7.3.2.1
Explanation of replaceable filter
elements
303
7.3.2.2
Cartridge filters
304
7.3.2.3
Wound filter elements
311
7.3.2.4
Candle filters
311
7.3.2.5
Bag filters
311
7.4
Testing of Liquid Filters
314
7.4.1
Efficiency assessment
314
7.4.2
Multi-pass test stand
316
7.4.3
Test dust complication
318
7.4.4
Test comparison
319
7.4.5
Cleanliness levels
319
Chapter
8
Air Filter Applications
325
8.1
Industrial Air Filtration
325
8.1.1
Dust collection systems
325
8.1.2
Fume and vapor emissions
329
8.2
Heat Ventilation and Air Conditioning Systems
3 34
8.2.1
Filters for air cleaning systems
334
8.2.1.1
Panel filters
334
8.2.1.2
Pocket filters
336
8.2.2
HVAC standards
336
8.2.2.1
CEN
EN
779:2002
E
and
Eurovent4/5 336
Contents xi
8.2.2.2
ASHRAE
52.2-1999 339
8.2.2.3 ASHRAE 52.1-1992 342
8.2.2.4
Comparison and application
guidelines for ASHRAE
52.1
and
ASHRAE
52.2 344
8.2.2.5
Standard for portable air cleaners
344
8.2.2.6
Fire and flame resistant standards
347
8.3
High Efficiency Air Filtration
347
8.3.1
A brief history of high efficiency air filtration
347
8.3.2
HEPA filters
349
8.3.2.1
Traditional panel filters
349
8.3.2.2
Separator-less HEPA filters
350
8.3.2.3
Mini-pleat filters
350
8.3.2.4
Round filters
351
8.3.2.5
HEPA media description and
standards
351
8.3.3
ULPA filters
354
8.3.4
Cleanrooms
354
8.3.5
Paint spray booth filters
356
8.4
Respirators, Gas Masks, and Facemasks
357
8.4.1
Respirators and gas masks
- 42
CFR (US),
Chapter
1.
Part
84 357
8.4.1.1
Self-contained breathing
apparatus
358
8.4.1.2
Gasmasks
358
8.4.1.3
Supplied-air respirators
359
8.4.1.4
Non-powered air-purifying
particulate arrestors
360
8.4.1.5
Powered air-purifying respirators
361
8.4.1.6
Chemical cartridge respirators
362
8.4.1.7
Filter media for respirators
362
8.4.2
Surgical and healthcare face masks
36 3
8.5
Vacuum Cleaners
364
8.6
Air Purifiers
365
8.7
AirDemisters
366
8.7.1
Air-moisture demisters
366
8.7.2
Air-oil demisters
367
Chapter
9
Engine Filtration
369
9.1
Introduction
369
9.2
Lube Oil Filtration
372
9.3
Air Intake Filtration
377
9.4
Cabin Air Filtration
381
9.5
Fuel Filtration
384
9.5.1
Engine fuel filtration
384
9.5.2
Fuel transportation systems
384
xii Contents
9.6 Gas Turbine Air Filters
9.6.1
Turbines
description
9.6.2 Air
inlet filtration for gas turbines
9.6.3
Filter media for gas turbine filtration
Chapter
10
Standards for Nonwoven Filter Media
10.1
Standards and Trade Organizations
That Have Standards, Registrations, and/or
Certifications Related to Filter Media
10.2
Standards Organizations
10. 3
Standards Related to Nonwoven Filter Media
10.4
INDA-EDANA Harmonized Test Methods
Nomenclature
Glossary
References
Index
386
386
387
389
393
393
394
397
409
415
423
445
457
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Hutten, Irwin Marshall |
| author_facet | Hutten, Irwin Marshall |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Hutten, Irwin Marshall |
| author_variant | i m h im imh |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV037275457 |
| classification_rvk | VN 7190 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)254980165 (DE-599)BSZ262328755 |
| dewey-full | 660.284245 |
| dewey-hundreds | 600 - Technology (Applied sciences) |
| dewey-ones | 660 - Chemical engineering |
| dewey-raw | 660.284245 |
| dewey-search | 660.284245 |
| dewey-sort | 3660.284245 |
| dewey-tens | 660 - Chemical engineering |
| discipline | Chemie / Pharmazie |
| edition | 1. ed. |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV037275457 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T22:55:01Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781856174411 1856174417 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-021188348 |
| oclc_num | 254980165 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-92 DE-703 |
| owner_facet | DE-92 DE-703 |
| physical | XVII, 473 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 24cm |
| publishDate | 2007 |
| publishDateSearch | 2007 |
| publishDateSort | 2007 |
| publisher | Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | IChemE |
| spelling | Hutten, Irwin Marshall Verfasser aut Handbook of nonwoven filter media Irwin M. Hutten 1. ed. Amsterdam ; Heidelberg [u.a.] Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann 2007 XVII, 473 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 24cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier IChemE Includes bibliographical references and index Filters and filtration / Handbooks, manuals, etc. Faserfilter (DE-588)4153754-3 gnd rswk-swf Faserfilter (DE-588)4153754-3 s DE-604 Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=021188348&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Hutten, Irwin Marshall Handbook of nonwoven filter media Filters and filtration / Handbooks, manuals, etc. Faserfilter (DE-588)4153754-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4153754-3 |
| title | Handbook of nonwoven filter media |
| title_auth | Handbook of nonwoven filter media |
| title_exact_search | Handbook of nonwoven filter media |
| title_full | Handbook of nonwoven filter media Irwin M. Hutten |
| title_fullStr | Handbook of nonwoven filter media Irwin M. Hutten |
| title_full_unstemmed | Handbook of nonwoven filter media Irwin M. Hutten |
| title_short | Handbook of nonwoven filter media |
| title_sort | handbook of nonwoven filter media |
| topic | Filters and filtration / Handbooks, manuals, etc. Faserfilter (DE-588)4153754-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Filters and filtration / Handbooks, manuals, etc. Faserfilter |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=021188348&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT huttenirwinmarshall handbookofnonwovenfiltermedia |