Viruses: biology, applications, control
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York, NY [u.a.]
Garland Science
2012
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references |
| Beschreibung: | XI, 324 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9780815341505 0815341504 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Viruses |b biology, applications, control |c David R. Harper |
| 264 | 1 | |a New York, NY [u.a.] |b Garland Science |c 2012 | |
| 300 | |a XI, 324 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804143897162547200 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Chapter
1
Virus Structure and
Infection
1
Introduction
1
1.1
WHAT IS A VIRUS?
2
What makes a virus?
4
1.2
VIRUS STRUCTURE AND MORPHOLOGY
5
Capsids
5
Capsid symmetry
7
Virus envelopes
8
1.3
THE VIRAL GENOME
9
Genome size and virus structure
9
Genome size and infection
9
Making the most of a limited genome
10
Genome type and virus replication
12
Mutation in the
HIV
genome
13
1.4
THE EFFECTS OF VIRUS INFECTION
14
1.5
TYPES OF VIRUS INFECTION
15
Lytic infections
16
Persistent or chronic infections
16
Latent infections
16
Cellular transformation
17
KEY CONCEPTS
19
DEPTH OF UNDERSTANDING QUESTIONS
19
FURTHER READING
19
INTERNET RESOURCES
20
Chapter
2
Virus Classification and
Evolution
21
Introduction
21
2.1
VIRUS CLASSIFICATION
22
2.2
VIRUS MORPHOLOGY
2.3
VIRAL CLASSIFICATION BY GENOME
26
TYPE
26
2.4
SUPERVIRUSES AND SUB-VIRUSES
30
Supervirus
31
Sub-viral infections
31
Satellite viruses
31
Virusoids
32
Viroids
32
Deltavirus
33
Replication-defective viruses
33
Mobile genetic elements
34
Endogenous viruses
34
Prions
34
The prion hypothesis
35
From cows to man
36
2.5
WHERE DO VIRUSES COME FROM?
37
KEY CONCEPTS
39
DEPTH OF UNDERSTANDING QUESTIONS
39
FURTHER READING
39
INTERNET RESOURCES
40
Chapter
3
Virus Replication
41
Introduction
41
3.1
ATTACHMENT AND ENTRY
42
Cellular receptors for viruses
43
Virus entry
45
3.2
REPLICATION
47
Sites of virus replication
47
Entry into the nucleus
48
Synthesis of viral proteins
48
VIII
CONTENTS
3.3
SYNTHESIS OF
VIRAL
GENOMES
50
DNA
synthesis
50
Viruses with double-stranded (ds)
DNA
genomes
51
Viruses with single-stranded
(ss)
DNA
genomes
52
DNA
viruses that use an
RNA
intermediate
53
RNA
synthesis
55
Viruses with double-stranded
(ds) RNA
genomes
56
Viruses with positive-strand ssRNA genomes
56
Viruses with negative-strand ssRNA genomes
58
ssRNA (positive-sense) viruses that use
a
DNA
intermediate
59
3.4
VIRAL REGULATION OF CELLULAR
ACTIVITIES
60
3.5
VIRUS ASSEMBLY AND RELEASE
61
KEY CONCEPTS
63
DEPTH OF UNDERSTANDING QUESTIONS
64
FURTHER READING
64
INTERNET RESOURCES
64
Chapter
4
Immune Response and
Evasion
65
Introduction
65
4.1
THE INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSE
67
Recognition: Toll-like receptors
67
Signaling: cytokines and
interferons
67
Phagocytosis
71
NK cells
71
Innate-like lymphocytes
72
The complement system
72
4.2
THE SEROLOGICAL IMMUNE RESPONSE
73
Antibody structure
73
The five types of immunoglobulin
74
The B-cell receptor and the proliferative response
75
Generation of antigenic diversity
76
B-cell memory
78
B-cell epitopes
78
The effects of antibody binding
79
The significance of the serological response
79
4.3
THE CELL-MEDIATED ADAPTIVE IMMUNE
RESPONSE
80
Т
-cell
activation
83
The MHC-I pathway: cytotoxic
Τ
cells
84
The MHC-II pathway: helper
Τ
cells
84
Th1 and Th2
85
Τ
cells: suppression and memory
85
4.4
COMPARTMENTALIZATION OF THE
IMMUNE RESPONSE
87
Mucosal immunity
87
4.5
APOPTOSIS
88
4.6
EVASION OF IMMUNE SURVEILLANCE
BY VIRUSES
89
Active immune evasion
89
HIV
and the immune system
90
Passive immune evasion
90
A combined effect
91
4.7
HOST GENETIC FACTORS
91
4.8
VIRAL ONCOGENESIS
92
The role of cellular tumor suppressor genes
93
Viral oncogenes
93
KEY CONCEPTS
95
DEPTH OF UNDERSTANDING QUESTIONS
96
FURTHER READING
96
INTERNET RESOURCES
96
Chapter
5
Vaccines and Vaccination
97
Introduction
97
5.1
THE ORIGINS OF VACCINATION
98
Variolation
98
Vaccination
99
5.2
CURRENT VACCINES
100
Types of vaccine
100
Live vaccines
101
An example: oral polio vaccine
102
Defined attenuation
104
Inactivated vaccines
104
Subunit
vaccines
105
Cloned
subunit
vaccines
105
HIV:
the center of attention
106
5.3
ADJUVANTS
107
The components of an adjuvant
109
Liposomes
and cochleates
109
Τ
cells and adjuvants
109
5.4
APPROACHES TO VACCINE
DEVELOPMENT
110
Viral vectors
111
Replication-deficient viruses: gene vectors
114
N
ucleic acid vaccination
114
5.5
TAILORING OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE
TO VACCINATION
115
CONTENTS
5.6 ALTERNATIVE
DELIVERY
SYSTEMS 116
Oral administration of vaccines
116
Mucosal immunity
116
Slow release
117
5.7
THERAPEUTIC VACCINATION
117
5.8
EPITOPE STRUCTURE IN VACCINE
DEVELOPMENT
118
Identification of epitopes
118
5.9
SOCIAL OPPOSITION TO VACCINATION
119
Something in the mixture
120
The bottom line
120
Polio vaccine conspiracy theories
121
One small study
121
5.10
PRACTICAL ISSUES AND OUTCOMES
OF VACCINATION
122
The eradication of a disease
122
Risk and benefit
124
Vaccination in infancy
125
Production issues
126
Endogenous growth
126
The wrong type of immunity
127
Direct effects
127
Monitoring safety
128
Future potential
128
KEY CONCEPTS
128
DEPTH OF UNDERSTANDING QUESTIONS
129
FURTHER READING
129
INTERN
ET
RESOU RCES
129
Chapter
6
Antiviral Drugs
131
Introduction
131
6.1
EARLY ANTIVIRAL DRUG DEVELOPMENT
132
6.2
TOXICITY
132
6.3
DEVELOPMENT OF ANTIVIRAL DRUGS
133
The development pathway: preclinical, clinical,
and beyond
134
High-throughput screening
135
Rational design
136
Development from existing drugs
138
The cost of drug development
139
6.4
CURRENT ANTIVIRAL DRUGS
140
Nucleoside analogs: understanding the
mechanism
144
6.5
NUCLEIC ACID-BASED APPROACHES
146
Oligonucleotides
146
Ribozymes
148
RNA
interference: siRNAs and miRNAs
148
Approved drugs
149
6.6
IMMUNOTHERAPIES
149
Production of specific antibodies
149
Monoclonal antibodies
149
Humanization
151
Human monoclonal antibodies
152
Recombinant
antibodies
153
Micro-antibodies
153
Targeting using monoclonal antibodies
153
Interferons
154
6.7
RESISTANCE TO ANTIVIRAL DRUGS
155
Resistance to anti-HIV drugs
155
Resistance to anti-herpesvirus drugs
156
Minimizing resistance
156
6.8
COMBINATION THERAPY
157
Highly active anti-retroviral therapy
157
Antagonism, addition, and synergy
158
6.9
LIMITATIONS OF ANTIVIRAL DRUGS
159
Treating the symptoms
160
CONCLUSIONS
161
KEY CONCEPTS
161
DEPTH OF UNDERSTANDING QUESTIONS
162
FURTHER READING
162
I NTERN
ET
RESOU RCES
162
Chapter
7
Beneficial Use of Viruses
163
Introduction
163
7.1
GENE THERAPY
164
Virus vector systems
165
Complications
165
Problems
167
Where are we now?
168
7.2
CANCER PREVENTION AND CONTROL
168
Vaccines
168
Virotherapy
169
Virus-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (VDEPT)
171
7.3
BIOLOGICAL PEST CONTROL
172
Viruses to control insect pests
174
Viruses to control rabbits
175
Resistance
176
CONTENTS
Integrated pest management
177
7.4
BACTERIOPHAGE THERAPY
177
Bacteriophages
177
Bacteriophages as therapeutic agents
179
The antibiotic age
180
A renewal of interest in bacteriophages
181
Into the clinic
183
KEY CONCEPTS
183
DEPTH OF UNDERSTANDING QUESTIONS
184
FURTHER READING
184
INTERNET RESOURCES
184
Chapter
8
Emergence, Spread,
and Extinction
185
Introduction
185
8.1
SURVEILLANCE
186
Too little: hantavirus pulmonary syndrome
187
Too much: swine flu
187
Influenza: from surveillance to pandemic
188
The return of swine flu
188
The swine flu controversy
190
The role of surveillance
190
8.2
EMERGENCE
192
Zoonosis
192
Sin
Nombre
and Hantaan viruses
194
Ebola and Marburg
196
HIV
196
Severity of zoonotic infections
197
Zoonosis through medical procedures
197
Geographical contact
199
Mutation
200
Recombination
201
Genetic manipulation
202
Identification
202
Reappearance
203
Deliberate release
204
Accidental release
206
Factors favoring the emergence of a disease
206
8.3
SPREAD
208
Modes of transmission
208
Transmission by arthropods
209
Sylvatic and urban cycles
210
Control of arbovirus infections
211
8.4
EXTINCTION
212
KEY CONCEPTS
214
DEPTH OF UNDERSTANDING QUESTIONS
214
FURTHER READING
214
INTERNET RESOURCES
215
Chapter
9
Viruses, Vectors, and
Genomics
217
Introduction
217
9.1
GENETIC MANIPULATION
218
Cloning
219
Expression
220
Post-translational processing
221
Virus-based systems for expression in
eukaryotic cells
223
Viral vectors
226
9.2
SEQUENCING
226
Metagenomics
228
Virus genome sequencing
229
Junk or not junk?
229
9.3
SYNTHESIS AND AMPLIFICATION
230
9.4
PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
231
KEY CONCEPTS
231
DEPTH OF UNDERSTANDING QUESTIONS
232
FURTHER READING
232
INTERNET RESOURCES
232
Chapter
10
Culture, Detection,
and Diagnosis
233
Introduction
233
10.1
ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
234
Diagnostic electron microscopy
234
10.2
CYTOLOGY
236
10.3
VIRUS CULTURE
238
Containment
239
Growing and counting viruses
240
Diagnostic virus culture
240
10.4
SEROLOGICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL
ASSAYS
243
10.5
NUCLEIC ACID DETECTION AND
AMPLIFICATION
243
Hybridization
244
Nucleic acid amplification
246
The polymerase chain reaction
247
CONTENTS
Alternative amplification-based
detection
Systems
248
Detection of amplified nucleic acids
249
Problems of amplification-based nucleic acid
detection systems
250
Microarrays
252
High-throughput sequencing
253
10.6
FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS IN
DIAGNOSTIC VIROLOGY
253
KEY CONCEPTS
254
DEPTH OF UNDERSTANDING QUESTIONS
254
FURTHER READING
254
INTERNET RESOURCES
255
Appendix I Virus Replication
Strategies
257
Appendix II Current Antiviral
Drugs
283
Glossary
299
Index
306
Viruses: Biology, Applications, and Control is a
concise textbook for advanced undergraduate and
graduate students and is an updated and expanded
version of the Second Edition of David Harper s
Molecular Virology.
Focusing on key mechanisms and developments,
Viruses presents many recent scientific advances,
including virus evolution, emerging infections, virus
extinction, control of infections, antiviral drugs, gene
therapy, bacteriophage therapy, and diagnostics.
Viruses: Biology, Applications, and Control is a rigorous
treatment of the molecular side of virology and its
conceptual approach makes it an essential text for
students and nonspecialists.
|
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| id | DE-604.BV037272631 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T22:54:57Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780815341505 0815341504 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-021185575 |
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| physical | XI, 324 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2012 |
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| publisher | Garland Science |
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| spelling | Harper, David R. Verfasser aut Viruses biology, applications, control David R. Harper New York, NY [u.a.] Garland Science 2012 XI, 324 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references Virologie (DE-588)4063597-1 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4151278-9 Einführung gnd-content Virologie (DE-588)4063597-1 s DE-604 Digitalisierung UB Regensburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=021185575&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Regensburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=021185575&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext |
| spellingShingle | Harper, David R. Viruses biology, applications, control Virologie (DE-588)4063597-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4063597-1 (DE-588)4151278-9 |
| title | Viruses biology, applications, control |
| title_auth | Viruses biology, applications, control |
| title_exact_search | Viruses biology, applications, control |
| title_full | Viruses biology, applications, control David R. Harper |
| title_fullStr | Viruses biology, applications, control David R. Harper |
| title_full_unstemmed | Viruses biology, applications, control David R. Harper |
| title_short | Viruses |
| title_sort | viruses biology applications control |
| title_sub | biology, applications, control |
| topic | Virologie (DE-588)4063597-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Virologie Einführung |
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