Občan a štát v moderných dejinách Slovenska:
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| Format: | Book |
|---|---|
| Language: | Slovak |
| Published: |
Bratislava
Historický Ústav SAV [u.a.]
2010
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Item Description: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache |
| Physical Description: | 200 S. |
| ISBN: | 9788089396085 |
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | OBČAN A
ЅТДТ
V
MODERNÝCH DEJINÁCH SLOVENSKA
191
Summary
One of the key questions of the modern Slovak history is the problem concerning interac¬
tion between state authority and state inhabitants, in other words between state and its
citizens. In this sense the
20*
century is an exceptional period of time. There were such
dramatic changes in the relationship between state and citizen like never before in the
modern history of Central Europe. This relationship was also taking various shapes. The
publication State and Citizen in the Modern History of Slovakia tries to record
selected moments from the evolution of this relationship under specific political, social
and cultural condition in Slovakia. During the 20th century Slovak territory was part of
five different states with even more political regimes coming and going. Constitutional
changes and transformations of political regimes came as a result of different inputs: In
same cases they could be part of a broad political consensus and social pressure from
below or, in other cases, outcomes of decisions made by small groups of elites. But for
sure, these changes influenced lives of large groups of inhabitants living in the state terri¬
tory and they also transformed the distribution of individual or collective rights between
different groups of society. They shaped the attitude of state towards citizen and the atti¬
tude of citizen towards state.
1.1.
The first thematic part of the publication The Formation of Civic Consciousness and
The Building of the Modern State starts with the article The Citizen, Nation and State in the
Industrial Era by
Zdeněk Kárník.
As a result of his generalization of social development
in Europe the author identifies four social classes which formed the essential social basis
of national state in the industrial era. They are l) financial and industrial entrepreneurs
class; prosperous peasant estate,
3)
national intelligentsia class, and
4)
workers class. The
author considers the adequate development of these social classes under the condition of
industrial era to be the crucial determinant for the effort to build the inter-war Czecho¬
slovak state, too.
1.2.
In article The Influence of Socialist Ideology on the Formation of Modern Citizenship
among the Lowest Social Classes
Juraj Benko
writes about the factors which contributed
to the formation of modern citizenship of the lowest classes. At first he determines two
structural preconditions. The first one was connected with power: The emergence of
modern state, forcing its authority to the society and the infiltration of its agenda to all
areas of everyday life including the outskirts of society. The second precondition was eco¬
nomic
-
industrialization and the increase of the number of wage earners. Beside struc¬
tural preconditions he identifies also some more specific social and cultural determinants.
From one point of view social structure and overall cultural level of specific ethnic group
came to consideration which was connected with the other factor
-
quality of political
ideas transformation into given language surroundings and finally the form of the dis¬
cursive and organizational representation of emancipation ideology. In the Hungarian
circumstances it was mostly socialist ideology that could serve as a civic-emancipation
factor among the lowest classes. The sum of all those factors influenced heavily also the
politicization of the lowest Slovak classes, formation of their civic consciousness and the
forms of their emancipation struggle before
1918.
1.3.
to his article Specifics of the Civic Society Creation in Slovakia during the early Years of the
Czechoslovak Republic in the Context of Relations between the State Authority and the Hun¬
garian Minority
(1918-1920)
Milan Olejnik deals with the process of entrenching of the
ig2 JURAJBENKOAKOL
Czechoslovak
state authority in Slovakia. He focuses on selected problems of this pro¬
cess which included political and administrative incorporation of Slovakia into the new
state, military occupation of its territory, consequential conflict between Hungary and
Czechoslovakia, spreading of the Hungarian propaganda among Slovaks and Hungarians
and the minority legislation of the state. The second part of the article deals with political
parties of the majority population as well as with the political parties of the Hungarian
minority in Slovakia. The author summarizes that in spite of contemporary limitations,
it is possible to say that political, legal and social foundations of Czechoslovakia created
a functional basis for the formation of civic society in Slovakia.
1.4.
In comparison with the previous Hungarian regime the creation of inter-war Czech¬
oslovakia brought important turning point to the process of society democratization.
Complete usage of civic rights by the lower classes was limited by social, economic and
even cultural factors. Land reform played a very important role in democratization pro¬
cess from economic point of view. This problem is analyzed in the article Land
Reform¬
as
one of the Instruments for the Forming of the Civic Society in Slovakia
(1918 - 1938)
by
Henrich
Hrehor. Through the contribution of land, independent civic society could be
crated from the previously non-self-conscious classes. However, the realization of the
land reform was effected by various misusages where interests of some individuals were
pushed forward according to their political affiliation or subjective sympathy. Despite
some negatives, the land reform helped to strengthen the civic consciousness of peasant
estate. It broke up the axiom that land ownership was a privilege of some classes. It also
created an instrument which could secure at least some land for small peasants. Land
ownership was an essential condition for small peasants to gain economic independence
which opened the door to complete usage of civic rights for them.
1.5.
The paper Reflectingthe Civic Self-Consciousness Building Process in the General Elections
in Slovakia during the
1
920s by Linda
Osyková
deals with the other factor which contrib¬
uted to the formation of civic consciousness of the population. It focuses on the general
elections in Slovakia during the
1920s.
The author perceives the election to the legisla¬
tive bodies and municipalities as an opportunity to form the relationship between people
and politics. During the intensive election campaigns citizens could witness the strug¬
gle between political parties and thanks to the massive agitation they could be informed
about the big politics . They could also hear various political explanations of their prob¬
lems as well as solutions to them.
1.6.
The inter-war Czechoslovak state tried to find support not only among different
classes of population but also among traditional social institutions. Churches in Slovakia
belonged to institutions with great authority. There had always been some interest of state
to use this, even declining authority of church, for legitimization of current regime. If suc¬
cessful the confessional identity of population should serve as a backbone of its loyalty
towards state. The article Role of the State in the Process of Evangelical a. d. Church Formation
in
1918-1922
by Peter
Račko
focuses on relationship between state and this church dur¬
ing the period when the Czechoslovak state authority entrenched itself on the Slovak ter¬
ritory and the Evangelical a. d. Church supported by the state accepted the new situation.
2.
The problem with the civic community in the inter-war Czechoslovakia was that one
part of its population had been for different reasons
-
economic, religious or ethnic
-
more or less loyal to the old Hungary and the monarchy. Particularly national identity
played a very important role which after
1918
presented a problem for the relationship
OBČAN A ŠTÍT V
MODERNÍCH
DEJINÄCH SLOVENSKA
193
between Czechoslovak citizens (but members of ethnic minorities) and the national
state. Papers on this problem are part of the next chapter of the publication called Citizen¬
ship of Minorities and their Loyalty towards National State.
2.1.
Multiethnic character of Slovak towns was one of the reasons of complicated attitude
of their inhabitants towards the 1st Czechoslovak Republic. The nationalist characteristics
of the new regime played more important role then its democratic regime in the relation¬
ship between town inhabitants and the state. In the article Hungarians in
Banská Štiavnica
and the Emergence of Czechoslovakia
(1918-1922)
Miron
Breznoščák
deals with the atti¬
tude of Hungarian and hungarianized inhabitants of
Banská Štivnica
towards new state
and its exponents in
1918 - 1922.
He also focuses on the problem of acquiring and losing
the Czechoslovak citizenship concerning the inhabitants of this town.
2.2.
Colorful image of loyalties towards Czechoslovak state could be found also in differ¬
ent districts with mixed ethnicity. The effort of Czechoslovak state exponents to eliminate
the outcomes of the forced hungarization created opposition from the circles close to the
former Hungarian state apparatus and leading entrepreneurs. Those topics together with
the problems related with the strengthening of the state authority after the takeover and
with the reorganization of state apparatus in the largest Slovak district is described in the
article The Strengthening of the State Authority and the Problem of Loyal Citizen in
Nitra
District after the Emergence of Czechoslovakia
(1918-1922)
by Martin
Valkovič.
He deals
with the attitudes of specific inhabitant groups towards the new republic. He writes about
the problem of loyal citizen from two aspects
-
from his attitude towards the old mon¬
archy and his attitude towards the new Czechoslovak state.
2.3.
The paper Hungarian Minority and the Czechoslovak Citizenship
(1918- 1926)
by
Soňa Gabzdilová
deals with the most numerous ethnic minority in the inter-war Slova¬
kia and its cultural demands from the broader perspective. International treaties created
mandatory frame also for the formation of relationship between Czechoslovak state and
Hungarian ethnic minority and set up rules for the cohabitation of this minority with the
majority population. The most important task for the state authority was to adjust the
state citizenship status together with the declaration of political, language and cultural
rights for ethnic minorities. During this process lot of problems came out. Postponement
of the solution to these problems helped to create a long-time negative attitude of Hun¬
garian minority towards the state.
2.4.
Clubs played an important role in the education process of population in modern
societies. Among other things they spread political values, educated citizens and created
loyalty towards current regime. But on the other hand, they could also play the role of
an organizational and ideological basis for subversive movements. German scout club
Verein der Pfadfinder in der Slowakei
from
Spiš
is a good example from the inter-war
period. The article Disturbing Role of the
Pfadfinderverein Club
for Civic relations in
Levoča
in
1930s
by
Mária Ďurková
deals with the emergence, formation, organization and the
development of this club. It gives attention to the rules of the club which were contrary
to principles of civic society in Czechoslovakia. It also focuses on provocative behavior
of German youth in
Spiš
at the beginning of
1930s
and intolerance of the club members
towards other students.
3.
The next chapter of the book is titled Citizenship at the State Borders and on the Outskirts
of Society. It brings examples of two different inhabitant groups of the inter-war Czecho¬
slovakia which at the end of
1930s
had lost and later tried to regain their citizenship or
194
JURAJ
ВЕНКОЙ
KOL
civic rights. One group lost its rights after the territorial changes and the other as a result
of a pro-Nazi development of the Slovak state regime.
3.1.
The first example is shown in the article The Protection of
Citizen
by the State Author¬
ity
-
Czechoslovak-Polish Quarrel
f
or Northern
Spiš
and Upper
Orava
Region in
1939-1947
by
Juraj Lepiš.
He deals with the dispute between Polish and Czechoslovak (Slovak) state
which heavily influenced the development in Northern
Spiš
and Upper
Orava
regions
before, during and after the World War II. The author describes the fate of inhabitants of
those two regions which in less then a decade became part of two different states
-
Slovak
Republic in the beginning of the World War II and Communist Poland after its end. The
author underlines that the wish of inhabitants of those regions to live in restored Czecho¬
slovakia was ignored by the exponents of both states.
3.2.
The paper The Loyalty towards State and Citizenship in Czechoslovakia after 194S
-
the
Case of Jewish Minority by Lucia
Sotáková
describes the fate of Jewish minority in Slovakia
after the World War II. Its position on the outskirts of Slovak society which led to the gen¬
ocide of Jews during the war did not end up with the Nazi defeat. The Jewish community
had to overcome lot of remaining obstacles and also new discrimination in the process of
obtaining full civic rights in the restored Czechoslovak state. The article focuses on the
problem of loyalty and citizenship of the Jewish minority in post-war Czechoslovakia. It
deals with two problems
-
it describes the problem of state citizenship and loyal citizen
which also interferes with the problem of state authority and its attitude towards confes¬
sional issues.
4.
The last thematic chapter of the publication called Deformation of Civic Life by the Total¬
itarian Communist State contains articles dealing with the period after the Communist
upheaval from February
1948.
The period of creating the totalitarian government accord¬
ing to the Soviet model started after this political turning point. Effort to eliminate the
influence of independent institutions, movements and organizations operating in public
had developed to one of the regime characteristics.
4.1.
Article Pushing back Churches from the Public Sphere and Making them Invisible
-
Form of a Communist Regime Practice by
Jan Pešek
deals with the relationship between
state and churches from
1948
till
1954.
He describes practices used by the Communist
regime in Slovakia to eliminate the influence of individual churches in public
Ufe.
He
focuses mostly on the most influential of them
-
Catholic Church. Practices taken against
the church created measures aimed to push out the religious faith from its traditional
place in the private life of citizens.
4.2.
In her article, Sportsman
-
a Public Affair. Subjection of Czechoslovak Sport by Com¬
munist Power,
Jaroslava Benická
deals with completely different sphere of society. She
describes the status of a sportsman during the early period of the totalitarian state. Her
article shows there was no difference between the attitudes of the regime towards sport
then towards other aspects of public
Ufe.
The first five years of the Communist regime
were a period of gaining control over the sport movement by political authority and also
the time of degradation of sportsman into a blind, numb and obedient tool of the Com¬
munist Party politics. The paper tries to answer the question about the opportunity of
individual to pick up a carrier in sport and if there was even the slightest possibility of free
choice.
4.3.
Problem related to sport opens also the article The Seeds of Civic Society
-
AlwegMove-
mentExemplum by
Ján Jakubík
who deals with the mass and spontaneous civic movement
OBČAN A ŠTÍT V MODERNÝCH DEJINÁCH SLOVENSKA
195
from the beginning of
1968.
The popularity of sport among masses could increase the
potential of problems related to this sphere of public life to mobilize citizens for pub¬
lic affairs. It was even more powerful when the established institutions of civic society
did not work. The paper shows how easily could the popularity of sport events and pro¬
jects under proper socio-political constellation exceed the apolitical sphere of sport and
become a political problem reaching the central position in the public discussion.
5.1.
The publication Citizen and State in the Modern History of Slovakia ends
up with the article Institute of(Czecho)Slovak State Citizenship and its Modifications from
1918
till the Present Day by Andrea
Nociarová.
Its topic is a state citizenship as a formal
basis for the relationship between citizen and state. Dramatic socio-political changes in
the 20th century influenced this institute, too. It hasn t been a static factor of a legal system
and the same can be said about the political regimes in Slovakia. The author describes
changes in its range and content from the break-up of Austria-Hungary till the present
day.
(preložil
Mgr.
Matej
Hanula, PhD.)
JUMJBENKOAKOL
Obsah
ÚVOD
7
1.
Formovanie občianskeho vedomia a budovanie moderného štátu
9
1.1.
Občan, národ a
stát
v industriálni
éře
(Problémy
nabytí
11
státotvornosti českého a slovenského
„moderního
národa)
Zdeněk
Kárník
1.2.
Vplyv socialistickej ideológie na formovanie
21
moderného občianstva najnižších vrstiev do roku
1918
Juraj
Benho
1.3.
Špecifiká utvárania občianskej spoločnosti na Slovensku
37
po vzniku Československa v kontexte vzťahu štátnej moci
a maďarskej menšiny
(1918 -1920)
Milan Olejník
1.4.
Pozemková reforma ako jeden z nástrojov formovania
49
občianskej spoločnosti na Slovensku
(1918 - 1938)
Henrich Hrehor
1.5. Občianske sebauvedomenie v odraze parlamentných volieb
59
v
20.
rokoch
20.
storočia na Slovensku
Linda Osyková
1.6.
Stát a
proces konštituovania Evanjelickej cirkvi
71
augsburského vyznania na Slovensku
(1918 - 1922)
Peter Raíko
2.
Občianstvo menšín a lojalita k národnému štátu
83
2.1.
Maďari v Banskej Štiavnici a vznik
85
Československej republiky
(1918 -1922)
Miron Breznoščáíc
2.2.
Upevňovanie štátnej moci a problém „lojálneho občana
93
vNitrianskej župe po vzniku Československa
(1918 - 1922)
Martin Valkovič
2.3.
Maďarská menšina a štátne občianstvo
107
Československej republiky
(1918 -1926)
Soňa Gabzdilová
OBČAN A ŠTÄT V
MODERNÍCH
DEJINÁCH SLOVENSKA
2.4.
Podiel spolku
Pfadfinderverein
na narúšaní
119
občianskych vzťahov v Levoči v
30.
rokoch
20.
storočia
Mária Ďurkovská
3.
Občianstvo na hraniciach štátu a na okraji spoločnosti
129
3.1.
Ochrana občana štátnou mocou na príklade československo-poľského
131
sporu o oblasť severného Spiša a Hornej Oravy
(1939 -1947)
Juraj Lepiš
3.2.
Lojalita k štátu a občianstvo v povojnovom
139
Československu na príklade židovskej menšiny
(1945 -1948)
Lucia Sotáková
4.
Deformovanie občianskeho života totalitnou mocou
149
4.1.
Vytláčanie cirkví z verejného života a ich „zneviditeľňovanie
151
-
súčasť postupu komunistického režimu po roku
1948
Jan
Pešek
4.2.
Športovec
-
vec verejná. Ovládnutie československého športu
165
komunistickou mocou
(1948 - 1953)
Jaroslava Benická
4.3.
Zárodok občianskej spoločnosti na príklade hnutia Alweg
(1968) 173
Jánjakubík
Namiesto záveru
181
Inštitút (československého štátneho občianstva
183
a jeho zmeny od roku
1918
do súčasnosti
Andrea Nociarová
Summary
191
Menný register
197
|
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| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV037272178 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)685190098 (DE-599)BVBBV037272178 |
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| era_facet | Geschichte 1900-2000 Sozialgeschichte 1900-2000 |
| format | Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Aufsatzsammlung |
| geographic | Slowakei (DE-588)4055297-4 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Slowakei |
| id | DE-604.BV037272178 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T22:54:57Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788089396085 |
| language | Slovak |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-021185127 |
| oclc_num | 685190098 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 200 S. |
| publishDate | 2010 |
| publishDateSearch | 2010 |
| publishDateSort | 2010 |
| publisher | Historický Ústav SAV [u.a.] |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Občan a štát v moderných dejinách Slovenska Juraj Benko ... Bratislava Historický Ústav SAV [u.a.] 2010 200 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zsfassung in engl. Sprache Geschichte 1900-2000 gnd rswk-swf Sozialgeschichte 1900-2000 gnd rswk-swf Nationale Minderheit (DE-588)4039409-8 gnd rswk-swf Staat (DE-588)4056618-3 gnd rswk-swf Staatsbürger (DE-588)4182642-5 gnd rswk-swf Bevölkerung (DE-588)4006287-9 gnd rswk-swf Slowakei (DE-588)4055297-4 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Slowakei (DE-588)4055297-4 g Staat (DE-588)4056618-3 s Staatsbürger (DE-588)4182642-5 s Geschichte 1900-2000 z DE-604 Bevölkerung (DE-588)4006287-9 s Nationale Minderheit (DE-588)4039409-8 s Sozialgeschichte 1900-2000 z Benko, Juraj 1974- Sonstige (DE-588)1026094453 oth Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=021185127&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=021185127&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Občan a štát v moderných dejinách Slovenska Nationale Minderheit (DE-588)4039409-8 gnd Staat (DE-588)4056618-3 gnd Staatsbürger (DE-588)4182642-5 gnd Bevölkerung (DE-588)4006287-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4039409-8 (DE-588)4056618-3 (DE-588)4182642-5 (DE-588)4006287-9 (DE-588)4055297-4 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Občan a štát v moderných dejinách Slovenska |
| title_auth | Občan a štát v moderných dejinách Slovenska |
| title_exact_search | Občan a štát v moderných dejinách Slovenska |
| title_full | Občan a štát v moderných dejinách Slovenska Juraj Benko ... |
| title_fullStr | Občan a štát v moderných dejinách Slovenska Juraj Benko ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Občan a štát v moderných dejinách Slovenska Juraj Benko ... |
| title_short | Občan a štát v moderných dejinách Slovenska |
| title_sort | obcan a stat v modernych dejinach slovenska |
| topic | Nationale Minderheit (DE-588)4039409-8 gnd Staat (DE-588)4056618-3 gnd Staatsbürger (DE-588)4182642-5 gnd Bevölkerung (DE-588)4006287-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Nationale Minderheit Staat Staatsbürger Bevölkerung Slowakei Aufsatzsammlung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=021185127&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=021185127&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT benkojuraj obcanastatvmodernychdejinachslovenska |