Urban ecology: patterns, processes, and applications
Gespeichert in:
| Weitere Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Oxford [u.a.]
Oxford Univ. Press
2011
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Hier auch später erschienene, unveränderte Nachdrucke |
| Beschreibung: | XIII, 374 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9780199563562 9780199643950 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Urban ecology |b patterns, processes, and applications |c ed.-in-chief: Jari Niemelä |
| 250 | |a 1. publ. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Oxford [u.a.] |b Oxford Univ. Press |c 2011 | |
| 300 | |a XIII, 374 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804143891464585216 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
List of Contributors
xii
Introduction
1
}ari
Niemelä, Jürgen
Breuste, Thomas Elmqvist, Glenn Guntenspergen, Philip James,
and Nancy Mclntyre
The History of Urban Ecology
—
An Ecologist s Perspective
5
Mark J. McDonnell
Introduction
5
Emergence of the discipline of urban ecology
5
The science of urban ecology
9
Summary
12
Section
1—
Ecology in Cities: Man-Made Physical Conditions
15
Introduction
17
Jürgen
H.
Breuste
1.1
Land-Use and Surface-Cover as Urban Ecological Indicators
19
Stephan
Pauleit and
Jürgen
H.
Breuste
1.1.1
Introduction: urban form and ecosystem processes
19
1.1.2
Land-use and surface-cover patterns in urban area
20
1.1.3
Land-use and surface-cover dynamics in urban areas and their ecological implications
26
1.1.4
Conclusions
29
1.2
Urban Climate
31
Eberhard Parlow
1.2.1
Introduction
31
1.2.2
Physical aspects of urban climate
31
1.2.3
The urban heat island phenomenon
34
1.2.4
Biological aspects of urban climate
38
1.2.5
Chemical aspects of urban climate
38
1.2.6
Impacts of urban climate on human health
40
1.2.7
Conclusions
43
1.3
Urban Soils
—
Characterization, Pollution, and Relevance in Urban Ecosystems
45
Martin Sauerwein
1.3.1
Introduction
—
what are urban soils?
45
1.3.2
Pollution of urban soils
47
vi
CONTENTS
1.3.3
Properties of urban soils
50
1.3.4
Genesis of urban soils and soil functions in urban ecosystems
52
1.3.5
Urban soil landscapes
54
1.3.6
Balancing the soil substance budget in settlements
56
1.3.7
Classification of soils in settlements
56
1.3.8
Urban soil protection concepts
57
1.4
Hydrology of Urban Environments
59
Marc lügen
1.4.1
Introduction
59
1.4.2
Urban water cycle
59
1.4.3
Hydrological processes in urban areas
61
1.4.4
Water balance characteristics of urban areas
69
Summary
71
Jürgen
H. Breuste
Section
2—
Ecology in Cities: Patterns of Urban Biodiversity
73
Introduction
75
Glenn R. Guntenspergen
2.1
Plant Communities of Urban Wetlands: Patterns and Controlling Processes
77
Andrew H. Baldwin
2.1.1
Introduction
77
2.1.2
Wetland plant biodiversity in urban areas
78
2.1.3
Effects of urbanization on wetland vegetation
80
2.1.4
Synthesis and prospective view
84
2.2
Potemkin Gardens: Biodiversity in Small Designed Landscapes
85
Martin F. Quigley
2.2.1
Introduction
85
2.2.2
Species diversity
85
2.2.3
Structural biodiversity
86
2.2.4
Design
88
2.2.5
Conclusion
91
2.3
Vegetation of Urban Hard Surfaces
93
¡eram/
Lundholm
2.3.1
Introduction
93
2.3.2
Hard surface types
93
2.3.3
Biota
97
2.3.4
Colonization and dynamics
98
2.3.5
Origin of hard surface floras
99
2.3.6
Theoretical frameworks
100
2.3.7
Problems caused by vegetation on hard surfaces
101
2.3.8
Benefits of hard surface vegetation
102
CONTENTS
vii
2.4
Composition
and Diversity of Urban
Vegetation 103
Christopher P. Dunn and
Liam
Heneghan
2.4.1
Introduction
103
2.4.2
Urban floristics
104
2.4.3
Does size matter? Cities and vegetation patches as habitat islands
106
2.4.4
The planted
cityscape
108
2.4.5
Ecology of remnant vegetation in urban areas 111
2.4.6
Drivers of biodiversity and change in urban vegetation
113
2.4.7
Looking ahead
114
2.5
Anthropogenic Ecosystems: The Influence of People on Urban Wildlife Populations
116
Clark E. Adams and Kieran
}.
Lindsey
2.5.1
Introduction
116
2.5.2
Definitions of urban on a global scale
116
2.5.3
Humans as a keystone species
117
2.5.4
Assemblages of urban vertebrates worldwide
118
2.5.5
Similarities and differences in urban vertebrate assemblages
120
2.5.6
Managing wildlife in anthropogenic ecosystems
120
2.5.7
Required adaptations to exist and thrive in urban ecosystems
121
2.5.8
The built environment as hazard and habitat
121
2.5.9
Wildlife assemblages in a city without people
127
2.5.10
Anthropogenic ecosystems: are humans key?
128
Summary
129
Glenn R. Guntenspergen
Section
3—
Ecology in Cities: Processes Affecting Urban Biodiversity
131
Introduction
133
Nancy E.
Mein
tyre
3.1
Coupled Relationships between Humans and other Organisms in Urban Areas
135
Barbara Clucas and John M. Marzluff
3.1.1
Introduction
135
3.1.2
Humans and natural systems
136
3.1.3
Interactions between humans and other organisms
137
3.1.4
Coevolution of humans and animals
138
3.1.5
Humans and birds in urban areas
138
3.1.6
Conclusions
147
3.2
Urban Flora and Vegetation: Patterns and Processes
148
Sarei
S.
Ciìliers
and Stefan
ƒ. Siebert
3.2.1
Introduction
148
3.2.2
Urban vegetation: definitions and the current state of research
149
3.2.3
Processes affecting plant diversity patterns
150
3.2.4
Conclusions
157
viii CONTENTS
3.3
Effects of Urbanization on the Ecology and Evolution of Arthropods
159
¡olum
Kotze, Stephen Venn.
Jari
Kiemelii, and John Spence
3.3.1
Introduction
159
3.3.2
Arthropods in the fragmented urban landscape
159
3.3.3
The urban-rural gradient
160
3.3.4
Unique urban habitats
162
3.3.5
Arthropod adaptation to urban environments
164
3.3.6
Arthropod conservation in urban environments
165
3.3.7
Future research
166
3.4
Ecology of Urban Amphibians and Reptiles: Urbanophiles, Urbanophobes,
and the Urbanoblivious
167
Bruce W. Grant, George Middendorf, Michael
ƒ.
Colgan, Haseeb Ahmad, and Michael B.
Vogel
3.4.1
Introduction
167
3.4.2
Herps in cities
171
3.4.3
Herps of cities
175
3.4.4
Urban herps as indicators
176
3.4.5
Urban herps as educators
177
3.4.6
Concluding comments
178
3.5
Biodiversity and Community Composition in Urban Ecosystems: Coupled Human,
Spatial, and Metacommunity Processes
179
Christopher M. Swan, Steward T. A. Pickett,
Katalin
Szlavecz, Paige Warren, and K.
Tara Willa/
3.5.1
Introduction
179
3.5.2
Constraints on metacommunity properties in urban systems
180
3.5.3
Social dimensions of biodiversity in urban ecosystems
181
3.5.4
Urban metacommunity properties
182
3.5.5
A conceptual model of urban metacommunities
184
3.5.6
Conclusions
186
Summary
187
Nancy E. Mclntyre
Section
4—
Ecosystems, Ecosystem Services, and Social Systems in Urban Landscapes
189
Introduction
191
Thomas
Elmavist
4.1
Global Effects of Urbanization on Ecosystem Services
193
Robert McDonald and Peter Marcotullio
4.1.1
Introduction
193
4.1.2
What is the alternative to urbanization?
193
4.1.3
The urban-environmental transition
195
4.1.4
Ixosystem services
197
4.1.5
Conclusions
204
CONTENTS ix
4.2 Social-Ecological Transformations in
Urban Landscapes—A Historical Perspective
206
Charles
L.
Redman
4.2.1
Introduction
206
4.2.2
Why look to the past?
206
4.2.3
Drivers and consequences of urbanization through history
208
4.2.4
Towards an understanding of urban resilience
211
4.3
The Urban Landscape as a Social-Ecological System for Governance of Ecosystem Services
213
Christine Alfsen, Ashley Duval, and Thomas Elmqvist
4.3.1
Introduction
213
4.3.2
Urban ecosystems and ecosystem services
214
4.3.3
Governance of urban ecosystems
215
4.4
Water Services in Urban Landscapes
219
Peter Bridgewater
4.4.1
Introduction
219
4.4.2
Wetlands and water in the urban environment
221
4.4.3
Ecohydrology
223
4.4.4
Healthy wetlands, healthy people
224
4.4.5
Future research directions
226
4.5
The Role of Ecosystem Services in Contemporary Urban Planning
228
Johan Colding
4.5.1
Introduction
228
4.5.2
Urban sprawl and ecosystem services
229
4.5.3
Green infrastructure planning
229
4.5.4
Smart growth planning
231
4.5.5
Generation of urban ecosystem services
232
4.5.6
The simplification of the urban landscape
232
4.5.7
Implications of smart growth and green infrastructure planning
234
4.5.8
The pedagogic role of nature in cities
236
4.5.9
Concluding remarks
236
Summary
238
Thomas Elmqvist
Section
5—
Urban Design, Planning, and Management: Lessons from Ecology
241
Introduction
243
Philip James
5.1
Urban Ecology
—
The Bigger Picture
246
Ian Douglas and Joe Ravetz
5.1.1
Introduction
246
5.1.2
A wider framework
246
5.1.3
Social
and cultural
issues
248
5.1.4
Ecological
planning
and investment
257
5.1.5
Conclusions
262
5.2
Urban Ecology and Human Health
263
Konstantinos
Tzoulas and Kim Greening
5.2.1
Introduction
263
5.2.2
Urban ecology and physical health
265
5.2.3
Urban ecology and psychological well-being
267
5.2.4
Urban ecology and social well-being
268
5.2.5
Summary and conclusions
271
5.3
Multifunctional Green Infrastructure Planning to Promote Ecological Services in the City
272
Stephan
Pauleit, Li Liu,
fack
Ahem, and
Aleksandra
Kazmierczak
5.3.1
Introduction: green infrastructure
272
5.3.2
Concepts and principles of green infrastructure planning
273
5.3.3
Green infrastructure planning in practice
275
5.3.4
Conclusions
284
5.4
Building for Biodiversity: Accommodating People and Wildlife in Cities
286
¡on Sadler, Adam Bates,
Rossa
Donovan, and Stefan
Bodnár
5.4.1
Introduction
286
5.4.2
Managing urban systems
287
5.4.3
Planning tools and approaches to urban planning
—
a UK perspective
287
5.4.4
Building and managing biodiversity: mitigation techniques and habitat enhancement
290
5.4.5
Building for biodiversity: constructing a more ecologically sustainable built form
291
5.4.6
Conclusions
296
5.5
Linking Social and Ecological Systems
298
Wayne C. Zipperer, Wayde C. Morse, and Cassandra Johnson Gaither
5.5.1
Introduction
298
5.5.2
Socio-ecological integrators
298
5.5.3
Modelling social-ecological systems
302
5.5.4
Summary
308
5.6
Building Urban Biodiversity through Financial Incentives, Regulation, and Targets
309
¡oh
η
Box
5.6.1
Introduction
309
5.6.2
Economic drivers to increase urban biodiversity
310
5.6.3
Legislation, regulation, and targets to increase biodiversity
312
5.6.4
Conclusions
315
CONTENTS xi
Summary
317
Philip James
Concluding Remarks: The Way Forward for Urban Ecology
319
Jari
Niemelä, Jürgen
Breuste, Thomas Elmqvist, Glenn Guntenspergen, Philip James,
and Nancy Mclntyre
References
323
Index
367
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| indexdate | 2024-07-09T22:54:52Z |
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| isbn | 9780199563562 9780199643950 |
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| spelling | Urban ecology patterns, processes, and applications ed.-in-chief: Jari Niemelä 1. publ. Oxford [u.a.] Oxford Univ. Press 2011 XIII, 374 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Hier auch später erschienene, unveränderte Nachdrucke Stadtökologie (DE-588)4077809-5 gnd rswk-swf 1\p (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Stadtökologie (DE-588)4077809-5 s DE-604 Niemelä, Jari edt Digitalisierung UB Bamberg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=021181798&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Urban ecology patterns, processes, and applications Stadtökologie (DE-588)4077809-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4077809-5 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Urban ecology patterns, processes, and applications |
| title_auth | Urban ecology patterns, processes, and applications |
| title_exact_search | Urban ecology patterns, processes, and applications |
| title_full | Urban ecology patterns, processes, and applications ed.-in-chief: Jari Niemelä |
| title_fullStr | Urban ecology patterns, processes, and applications ed.-in-chief: Jari Niemelä |
| title_full_unstemmed | Urban ecology patterns, processes, and applications ed.-in-chief: Jari Niemelä |
| title_short | Urban ecology |
| title_sort | urban ecology patterns processes and applications |
| title_sub | patterns, processes, and applications |
| topic | Stadtökologie (DE-588)4077809-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Stadtökologie Aufsatzsammlung |
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