Physical foundations of quantum electronics by David Klyshko:
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| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
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New Jersey [u.a.]
World Scientific
2011
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XIX, 347 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9789814324502 9814324507 |
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| adam_text | Titel: Physical foundations of quantum electronics by David Klyshko
Autor: Čechova, Marija
Jahr: 2011
Contents
Preface v
Foreword vjj
List of Notation andA cronyms ix
1. Introduction 1
1.1 Basic notions of quantum electronics............... 2
1.1.1 Stimulated emission................... 2
1.1.2 Population inversion................... 2
1.1.3 Feedback and the lasing condiuon ........... 3
1.1.4 Saturation and relaxation................ 4
1.2 Historyof quantum electronics.................. 5
1.2.1 First Steps........................ 6
1.2.2 Radio spectroscopy................... 6
1.2.3 Masers.......................... 7
1.2.4 Lasers.......................... 8
1.3 Recent progress in quantum electronics (added by the Editors) . 9
1.3.1 Physics of lasers..................... 9
1.3.2 Laserphysics ...................... 10
1.3.3 New trends in nonlinear optics............. 10
1.3.4 Atom optics....................... 11
1.3.5 Optics of nonclassical light............... 11
2. Stimulated Quantum Transitions 15
2.1 Amplitude and probabilityofatransition ............ 15
2.1.1 Unperturbed atom.................... 16
Physical Foundations of Quantum Electronics
2.1.2 Atom in an alternating field............... 18
2.1.3 Perturbation theory................... 19
2.1.4 Linear approximation.................. 20
2.1.5 Probability of a single-quantum transition ....... 21
2.2 Transitions in monochromatic field................ 21
2.2.1 Dipole approximation.................. 21
2.2.2 Transition probability.................. 22
2.2.3 Finite level widths.................... 24
2.3 Absorption cross-section and coefficient............. 26
2.3.1 Relation between intensity and field amplitude..... 26
2.3.2 Cross-section of resonance interaction......... 27
2.3.3 Population kinetics ................... 28
2.3.4 Photon kinetics ..................... 28
2.3.5 Coefficient of resonance absorption........... 29
2.3.6 Amplification bandwidth................ 30
2.3.7 Degeneracy of the levels................ 31
2.4 Stimulated transitions in a random field............. 33
2.4.1 Correlation functions.................. 33
2.4.2 Transition rate...................... 34
2.4.3 Einstein s B coefficient................. 35
2.4.4 °Spectral field density.................. 35
2.5 Field as a Thermostat....................... 36
2.5.1 Spontaneous transitions................. 37
2.5.2 Natural bandwidth.................... 38
2.5.3 Number of photons, spectral brightness, and brightness
temperature....................... 39
2.5.4 Relaxation time..................... 41
Density Matrix, Populations, and Relaxation 43
3.1 Definition and propertiesof the density matrix.......... 43
3.1.1 Observables....................... 43
3.1.2 Density matrix of a pure State.............. 44
3.1.3 Mixed states....................... 45
3.1.4 More general definition of the density matrix..... 47
3.1.5 Propertiesof the density matrix............. 48
3.1.6 Density matrix and entropy............... 49
3.1.7 Density matrix of an atom............... 50
3.2 Populations of levels....................... 51
3.2.1 Equilibrium populations................. 51
Contents xv
3.2.2 Two-level System and the negative temperature..... 52
3.2.3 Populations in semiconductors............. 53
3.2.4 Inversion in semiconductors.............. 55
3.3 Evolution ofthe density matrix.................. 56
3.3.1 Non-equilibrium Systems................ 56
3.3.2 Von Neumann equation................. 57
3.3.3 Interaction with the thermostat............. 58
3.3.4 Evolution of a closed System.............. 58
3.3.5 Transverse and longitudinal relaxation......... 59
3.3.6 Interaction picture.................... 62
3.3.7 Perturbationtheory................... 64
The Susceptibility of Matter 67
4.1 Definition and general properties of susceptibility........ 67
4.1.1 Symmetry........................ 68
4.1.2 The role of causality................... 69
4.1.3 Absorption of a given field ............... 70
4.1.4 Susceptibility ofthe vacuum.............. 71
4.1.5 Thermodynamic approach............... 72
4.2 Dispersion theory......................... 75
4.2.1 Dispersion law...................... 75
4.2.2 Theeffectofabsorption................. 76
4.2.3 Classical theory ofdispersion.............. 77
4.2.4 Quantum theory ofdispersion.............. 79
4.2.5 Oscillator strength................... 81
4.2.6 Isolated resonance.................... 82
4.2.7 Polaritons........................ 85
4.3 Two-level model and Saturation.................. 89
4.3.1 Applicabilify ofthe model................ 89
4.3.2 Kinetic equations.................... 90
4.3.3 Saturation........................ 91
4.3.4 Lineshape in the presenceof Saturation........ 92
4.4 Bloch equations......................... 95
4.4.1 Kinetic equations for the meanvalues.......... 95
4.4.2 Pauli matrices and expansionof Operators....... 96
4.4.3 The Bloch vector and the Bloch sphere......... 99
4.4.4 Higher moments and distributions............100
4.4.5 Bloch equations.....................^1
4.4.6 Equation for polarization................103
xvi Physical Foundations of Quantum Electronics
AA.l Magnetic resonance...................104
5. Non-Stationary Optics 107
5.1 Stimulated non-stationary effects.................108
5.1.1 Atom as a gyroscope .................. 108
5.1.2 Analytical solution.................... 110
5.1.3 Nutation......................... 112
5.1.4 Self-induced transparency................ 114
5.2 Emission of an atom....................... 115
5.2.1 Emission of a dipole................... 116
5.2.2 Probability of a spontaneous transition......... 117
5.2.3 Normally ordered emission............... 118
5.2.4 Relation between spontaneous and thermal emission . . 120
5.2.5 On the emission of fractions of a photon........ 121
5.2.6 Quantum beats..................... 121
5.2.7 Resonance fluorescence................ 124
5.3 Collective emission........................ 127
5.3.1 Superradiance......................127
5.3.2 Analogy with phase transitions.............130
5.3.3 Photon echo.......................131
6. Nonlinear Optics 135
6.1 Nonlinear susceptibilities: definitions and general properties . . 137
6.1.1 Nonlinear susceptibilities................ 138
6.1.2 Various definitions................... 139
6.1.3 Permutative symmetry................. 141
6.1.4 Transparent matter................... 141
6.1.5 The role of the material symmetry ........... 144
6.2 Models of optical anharmonicity................. 145
6.2.1 Anharmonicity of a free electron............ 146
6.2.2 light pressure...................... 149
6.2.3 Striction anharmonicity................. 152
6.2.4 Anharmonic oscillator.................. 154
6.2.5 Raman anharmonicity.................. 157
6.2.6 Temperature anharmonicity............... 162
6.2.7 Electrocaloric anharmonicity.............. 164
6.2.8 Orientation anharmonicity................ 166
6.2.9 Quantum theory of nonlinear polarization....... 169
Contents xvjj
6.2.10 Probabilityofmulti-photontransitions.........173
6.2.11 Conclusions.......................177
6.3 Macroscopic nonlinear optics...................177
6.3.1 Initial relations...................... 177
6.3.2 Classification of nonlinear effects............ 178
6.3.3 The role of linear and nonlinear dispersion....... 181
6.3.4 One-dimensional approximation............ 182
6.3.5 The Manley-Rowe relation and the permutation
symmetry ........................ 187
6.3.6 Derivation of one-dimensional equations....... 189
6.4 Non-parametric interactions ................... 191
6.4.1 Nonlinear absorption .................. 191
6.4.2 Doppler-free spectroscopy................ 195
6.4.3 Raman amplification................... 197
6.4.4 Spontaneous and stimulated scattering......... 199
6.4.5 Self-focusing....................... 201
6.4.6 Self-focusing length.................. 203
6.5 Parametric interactions...................... 207
6.5.1 Undepleted-pump approximation?thenearfield . . . 208
6.5.2 Thefarfield.......................210
6.5.3 Three-wave interaction.................212
6.5.4 Frequency up-conversion................213
6.5.5 Parametric amplification and oscillation........214
6.5.6 Backward interaction..................216
6.5.7 Second harmonic generation ..............217
6.5.8 The scattering matrix..................219
6.5.9 Parametric down-conversion..............220
6.5.10 Light scattering by polaritons .............225
6.5.11 Four-wave interactions .................226
6.5.12 Nonlinear spectroscopy.................228
6.5.13 Dynamicalholographyandphaseconjugation.....229
7- Statistical Optics 237
7.1 The Kirchhoff law for quantum amplifiers............239
7.1.1 The Kirchhoff law for a Single mode..........239
7.1.2 The Kirchhoff law for a negative temperature......241
7.1.3 Noiseofamultimodeamplifier.............245
7.1.4 Equilibrium and spontaneous radiation;
superfluorescence....................246
Physical Foundations of Quantum Electronics
1.1.5 Gain and bandwidth of a cavity amplifier........248
7.1.6 The Kirchhoff law for a cavity amplifier.
The Townes equation..................251
7.2 Basic concepts of the Statistical optics..............252
7.2.1 Analytical signal.....................253
7.2.2 Random intensity....................254
7.2.3 Correlation functions..................256
7.2.4 Temporal coherence...................257
7.2.5 Spatial coherence....................259
7.2.6 Coherence volume and the degeneracy factor......260
7.2.7 Statisticsof photocounts and the Mandel formula . . . 262
7.2.8 Photon bunching.....................265
7.2.9 Intensity correlation...................266
7.2.10 Second-order coherence (added by the Editors).....270
7.3 Hamiltonian form of Maxwell s equations............273
7.3.1 Maxwell s equations in the k, t representation...... 273
7.3.2 Canonical field variables ................ 278
7.3.3 Hamiltonian ofthe field and the matter........ 280
7.3.4 Dipole approximation................. 283
7.4 Quantization ofthe field..................... 285
7.4.1 Commutation relations .................285
7.4.2 Quantization of macroscopic field in matter ......287
7.4.3 Quantization of the field in a cavity...........288
7.5 ° States ofthe field and their properties..............288
7.5.1 Dirac s notation..................... 289
7.5.2 Energy states....................... 291
7.5.3 Coherent states...................... 294
7.5.4 Coordinate and momentum states............ 298
7.5.5 Squeezed states..................... 302
7.5.6 Mixed states....................... 305
7.5.7 Entangled states (added by the Editors)......... 310
7.6 Statisticsofphotonsandphotoelectrons............. 314
7.6.1 Photon statistics..................... 314
7.6.2 Photon bunching and anti-bunching........... 318
7.6.3 Statistics ofphotoelectrons............... 323
7.7 Interaction of anatom withquantized field........... 327
7.7.1 Absorption and emission probabilities.........328
7.7.2 Spontaneous emission..................329
7.7.3 Interaction of stationary Systems............331
Contents xix
7.7.4 Spectral representation ................. 333
7.7.5 Equilibrium Systems. FDT ............... 335
Bibliography 337
Index 343
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
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| spelling | Klyško, David N. Verfasser aut Fizičeskie osnovy kvantovoj elektroniki Physical foundations of quantum electronics by David Klyshko David Klyshko ; Maria Chekhova ... ed. New Jersey [u.a.] World Scientific 2011 XIX, 347 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Quantenelektronik (DE-588)4137298-0 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4123623-3 Lehrbuch gnd-content Quantenelektronik (DE-588)4137298-0 s DE-604 Čechova, Marija Pavlovna 1863-1957 (DE-588)128304898 edt HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=021175191&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Klyško, David N. Physical foundations of quantum electronics by David Klyshko Quantenelektronik (DE-588)4137298-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4137298-0 (DE-588)4123623-3 |
| title | Physical foundations of quantum electronics by David Klyshko |
| title_alt | Fizičeskie osnovy kvantovoj elektroniki |
| title_auth | Physical foundations of quantum electronics by David Klyshko |
| title_exact_search | Physical foundations of quantum electronics by David Klyshko |
| title_full | Physical foundations of quantum electronics by David Klyshko David Klyshko ; Maria Chekhova ... ed. |
| title_fullStr | Physical foundations of quantum electronics by David Klyshko David Klyshko ; Maria Chekhova ... ed. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Physical foundations of quantum electronics by David Klyshko David Klyshko ; Maria Chekhova ... ed. |
| title_short | Physical foundations of quantum electronics by David Klyshko |
| title_sort | physical foundations of quantum electronics by david klyshko |
| topic | Quantenelektronik (DE-588)4137298-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Quantenelektronik Lehrbuch |
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