An introduction to the pronunciation of North American English:
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Odense
Univ. Press of Southern Denmark
2010
|
| Series: | University of Southern Denmark studies in linguistics
19 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | Literaturverz. S. [305] - 306 |
| Physical Description: | 311 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9788776744762 |
Staff View
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a An introduction to the pronunciation of North American English |c Jørgen Staun |
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | Titel: An introduction to the pronunciation of North American English
Autor: Staun, Jørgen
Jahr: 2010
Contents
Preface........................................................ 11
PART 1........................................................ 17
1 Introduction to American English.............................. 19
1.1 American English Dialects................................ 19
1.2 The delimitation of a reference dialect...................... 25
1.3 Summary of the main points.............................. 34
2 The phoneme and the phoneme inventory of North American English 37
2.1 Introduction........................................... 37
2.2 The phoneme and the linguistic hierarchy................... 37
2.3 Phonemes and allophones................................ 43
2.4 The phoneme as an organising unit of sound structure........ 46
2.5 Establishing the phoneme inventory of NAERD............... 47
2.6 Summary.............................................. 50
3 Obstruent consonants in American English...................... 53
3.1 Articulatory, acoustic and auditory descriptions............... 53
3.2 The organs of speech and their three Systems: articulatory,
phonatory and respiratory................................ 54
3.3 The Classification of the consonant system................... 58
3.4 Classes of obstruents in NAERD - stops..................... 63
3.4.1 Plosive versus affricate............................... 63
3.4.2 Strong versus weak................................. 64
3.4.3 Different kinds of release............................. 67
3.4.4 Summing up the manner and energy of stops........... 69
3.5 The individual stops..................................... 70
3.5.1 The affricates...................................... 70
3.5.2 The plosives....................................... 72
3.5.3 Summing up the individual stops...................... 80
3.6 Classes of obstruents in NAERD - fricatives.................. 80
3.6.1 Sibilant and non-sibilant fricatives..................... 81
3.6.2 Strong versus weak.................................. 82
3.6.3 Summing up the manner and energy of fricatives......... 84
6 NORTH AMERICAN ENGLISH
3.7 The individual fricatives.................................. 85
3.7.1 The sibilants...................................... 85
3.7.2 The non-sibilant fricatives............................ 90
3.7.3 Summing up the individual fricatives.................. 94
3.8 Summarising the obstruent consonants of NAERD............ 94
Sonorant consonants in American English....................... 97
4.1 Types of sonorant consonants............................. 97
4.2 The individual sonorants................................. 99
4.2.1 The nasals......................................... 99
4.2.2 The approximant /r/............................... 102
4.2.3 The approximants /j/ and /w/....................... 106
4.2.4 The lateral /l/..................................... 110
4.2.5 Summing up the individual sonorants.................. 112
4.3 Syllabic consonants...................................... 113
4.4 Summarising the sonorant consonants of NAERD............. 115
Vowels in American English................................... 117
5.1 How to describe vowels................................... 117
5.2 Subclasses of vowels...................................... 120
5.2.1 Checked and free vowels............................ 120
5.2.2 Monophthongs and diphthongs...................... 124
5.2.3 Classification according to place and height............ 125
5.2.4 Vowels before /r/.................................. 128
5.3 Ongoing vowel changes in American English................. 130
5.3.1. The Northern Cities Shift........................... 130
5.3.2 The Southern Vowel Shift........................... 131
5.3.3 Summing up the vowel description.................... 132
5.4 The individual vowels.................................... 132
5.4.1 Subsystem A - checked vowels........................ 133
5.4.3 Subsystem B - free monophthongs.................... 136
5.4.3 Subsystem C - front-closing diphthongs................ 138
5.4.4 Subsystem D - back-closing diphthongs................ 140
5.4.5 Summing up the individual vowels.................... 141
5.5 Vowels in unstressed syllables.............................. 142
5.5.1 Unstressed syllables of content words.................. 142
5.5.2 Reduction in form words in connected speech.......... 145
5.5.3 Summing up vowels in unstressed syllables............. 150
5.6 Summarising the vowels of NAERD English.................. 151
PART II....................................................... 153
6 Syllable structure in American English.......................... 155
6.1 Prosodic or suprasegmental phenomena.................... 155
6.2 Introduction to syllable structure........................... 157
6.3 The structure of the syllable............................... 158
6.4 The sonority sequencing principle......................... 162
6.5 Permissible onsets and codas in NAERD..................... 163
6.5.1 Onsets........................................... 163
6.5.2 Codas............................................ 167
6.5.3 The main points about the structure of onsets and codas. . 171
6.6 The syllabification of polysyllabic words...................... 172
6.7 Summary of syllable structure............................. 175
7 Word stress in American English............................... 177
7.1 Introduction to word stress................................ 177
7.2 Stress rules in non-compounds............................ 178
7.2.1 The root stress rule................................. 178
7.2.2 The antepenult rule................................ 179
7.2.3 The prefix rule.................................... 180
7.2.4 The word-class rule................................. 181
7.2.5 Secondary word stress............................... 182
7.2.6 Summary of word stress in non-compound words........ 183
7.3 Stress in Compounds and compound-like combinations......... 184
7.3.1 Stress in simple Compounds.......................... 185
7.3.2 Stress in simple compound4ike combinations........... 185
7.3.3 The stress of complex Compounds.................... 186
7.3.4 The stress of complex compound-like combinations...... 187
7.3.5 Summary of stress in Compounds and compound-like
combinations..................................... 187
7.4 Rhythm................................................ 188
7.4.1 Types of rhythm................................... 188
7.4.2 The foot.......................................... 189
7.4.3 Main points about rhythm........................... 191
8 Intonation in American English................................ 193
8.1 The nature and function of intonation ..................... 193
8.2 What is represented between the tvvo horizontal lines?......... 197
8.3 The tone group - structure and demarcation................. 199
8.3.1 Structure......................................... 199
8.3.2 Demarcation...................................... 203
8 NORTH AMERICAN ENGLISH
8.4 The Classification of nucleus types.......................... 209
8.4.1 Simplex and complex nuclei......................... 209
8.4.2 The Interpretation and transcription of simplex
and complex nuclei................................ 211
8.5 The use of the NAERD nuclei............................. 214
8.5.1 The unmarked nuclei in final tone groups.............. 214
8.5.2 The unmarked nucleus types in non-final tone groups... . 218
8.6 Some communicative implications of the nucleus types........ 220
8.7 Simplified transcription.................................. 224
8.8 The intonation of some characteristic syntactic constructions . . . 227
8.8.1 Tag questions..................................... 227
8.8.2 Alternative questions/constructions and enumerations . . . 230
8.8.3 Relative clauses.................................... 232
8.8.4 Sentence adverbials, dialogue mechanisms,
comment clauses and vocatives....................... 233
8.9 Summary of the main points.............................. 236
PART III...................................................... 239
9 Variation and change......................................... 241
9.1 Types of inter-segment influence........................... 241
9.2 Types of assimilation..................................... 243
9.2.1 Phonetic parameter and direction.................... 244
9.2.2 Allophonic or phonemic assimilations................. 246
9.2.3 Word-internal and word-external assimilations.......... 247
9.3 Elision and epenthesis................................... 248
9.3.1 Elision........................................... 248
9.3.2 Epenthesis........................................ 249
9.3.3 Summarising whole-segment processes................. 250
9.4 Diachronie change...................................... 252
9.4.1 Combinatorial i-umlaut............................. 252
9.4.2 Combinatorial changes in American English............ 254
9.4.3 System-dependent change: consonant shift and vowel shift 256
9.4.4 System-dependent changes in North American English . . . 262
9.4.5 Closing remarks................................... 265
10 Survey of American English dialects............................ 269
10.1 Introduction........................................... 269
10.2The main dialect areas................................... 2/1
10.3 The North............................................. 273
10.3.1 The northern area................................. 273
10.3.2 Diagnosing the North............................... 274
10.3.3 The vowel system of a northern Speaker................ 276
10.4 The Midland and the West ............................... 278
10.4.1 The area of the Midland and the West................. 278
10.4.2 Diagnosing the West and the Midland................. 279
10.5 The South............................................. 282
10.5.1 The southern area................................. 282
10.5.2 Diagnosing the South............................... 283
10.5.3 The vowel System of a southern Speaker................ 286
10.6 The East............................................... 288
10.6.1 The eastern area................................... 288
10.6.2 Diagnosing the East................................ 290
10.6.3 The vowel Systems of eastern Speakers................. 294
10.7Canada................................................ 297
10.7.1 The Canadian area................................. 297
10.7.2 Diagnosing Canadian English........................ 298
10.7.3 The vowel system of a Canadian Speaker............... 299
10.8 Summing up North American dialects...................... 300
10.8.1 Three residual areas................................ 300
10.8.2 Summary of the main North American English dialects . . . 301
Bibliography................................................... 305
Index......................................................... 307
|
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| spelling | Staun, Jørgen Verfasser aut An introduction to the pronunciation of North American English Jørgen Staun Odense Univ. Press of Southern Denmark 2010 311 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier University of Southern Denmark studies in linguistics 19 Literaturverz. S. [305] - 306 Amerikanisches Englisch (DE-588)4094804-3 gnd rswk-swf Aussprache (DE-588)4003877-4 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4123623-3 Lehrbuch gnd-content Amerikanisches Englisch (DE-588)4094804-3 s Aussprache (DE-588)4003877-4 s DE-604 University of Southern Denmark studies in linguistics 19 (DE-604)BV014763572 19 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=021096827&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Staun, Jørgen An introduction to the pronunciation of North American English University of Southern Denmark studies in linguistics Amerikanisches Englisch (DE-588)4094804-3 gnd Aussprache (DE-588)4003877-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4094804-3 (DE-588)4003877-4 (DE-588)4123623-3 |
| title | An introduction to the pronunciation of North American English |
| title_auth | An introduction to the pronunciation of North American English |
| title_exact_search | An introduction to the pronunciation of North American English |
| title_full | An introduction to the pronunciation of North American English Jørgen Staun |
| title_fullStr | An introduction to the pronunciation of North American English Jørgen Staun |
| title_full_unstemmed | An introduction to the pronunciation of North American English Jørgen Staun |
| title_short | An introduction to the pronunciation of North American English |
| title_sort | an introduction to the pronunciation of north american english |
| topic | Amerikanisches Englisch (DE-588)4094804-3 gnd Aussprache (DE-588)4003877-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Amerikanisches Englisch Aussprache Lehrbuch |
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