Introduction to geography:
Saved in:
| Format: | Book |
|---|---|
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
New York
McGraw-Hill
2011
|
| Edition: | 13. ed., internat. student ed. |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | Getr. Zählung Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9780071221917 0071221913 |
Staff View
MARC
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804143595148541952 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Introduction to geography
Autor: Getis, Arthur
Jahr: 2011
Contents
Point Symbols 33
Area Symbols 34
Line Symbols 34
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction 1
Size and Scale 9
Physical unci Cultural Attributes 10
Attributes of Place Are Always Changing 10
Interrelations between Places 11
Place Similarity and Regions 13
Spatial Distributions 13
Types of Regions 13
Geography s Themes and Standards 15
Organization of This Book 17
KeyWords 19
Thinking Geographically 19
Maps 20
Line Symbols 34
Map Misuse 35
Geographic Information Technologies 38
What Is Geography? 2 The Global Positionning System 40
Subfields of Geography 5 Virtual and Interactive Maps 43
Why Geography Matters 5 Integrating Technology: Geographic Information
Some Core Geographic Concepts 5 System 43
The Geographic Database 45
Location, Direction, and Distance 6
Applications of Gib 45
Location 7
Direction 8 Summary of Key Concepts 47
KeyWords 47
Distance 8
Thinking Geographically 47
The Earth Science Tradition 49
CHAPTER TWO
Maps 20
Maps as the Tools of Geography 21
CHAPTER Three Physical Geography: Landforms 50
Locating Points on a Sphere 22
The Geographic Grid 22 Earth Materials 51
Land Survey Systems 24 Igneous Rocks 51
Map Projections 25 Sedimentary Rocks 51
Area 25 Metamorphic Rocks 52
Shape 25 Geologic Time 53
Distance 25 Movements of the Continents 53
Direction 28 Tectonic Forces 57
Sc»le 28 Diastrophism 57
Types of Maps 29 Broad Warping 57
Topographic Maps and Terrain Representation 29 Folding 57
Thematic Maps and Data Representation 32 Faulting 58
Vblcanism 60 Humid Continental Climates (D) 110
Gradational Processes 61 Subarctic Climates (Dfc, Dfd, Dwb) 110
Weathering 62 Arctic Climates (E) 111
Mechanical Weathering 63 Highland Climates (H) 111
Chemical Weathering 63 Climatic Change 112
Mass Movement 64 Long-Term Climatic Change 112
Erosional Agents and Deposition 67 Short-Term Climatic Change 113
Running Water 67 The Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming 113
Stream Landscapes 68 Summary of Key Concepts 116
Groundwater 70 KeyWords 116
Glaciers 70 Thinking Geographically 117
Waves, Currents, and Coastal Landforms 74
Wind 75
Landform Regions 76
Summary of Key Concepts 78
The Geography of Natural Resources 118
KeyWords 78 Resource Terminology 119
Thinking Geographically 79 Renewable Resources 120
Nonrenewable Resources 120
Resource Reserves 121
Energy Resources and Industrialization 121
Physical Geography: Weather and 100
Nonrenewable Lnergy Resources 122
Climate 80 Crude Oil 122
Coal 124
Air Temperature 82 Natural Gas 128
Earth Inclination 82 ou Shak and Tar Sands m
Reflection and Reradiation 84 Nuclear Energy 131
Lapse Rate 85 Nuclear Fission 131
Air Pressure and Winds 85 Nuclear Fusion 132
Pressure Gradient Force 87
The Convection System 87 Renewable Energy Resources 132
Land and Sea Breezes 88 Biomass Fuels 133
Mountain and Valley Breezes 88 Wood 133
The Coriolis Effect 89 Waste 133
The Frictional Effect 90 Hydropower 134
The Global Air-Circulation Pattern 90 Solar Energy 135
Ocean Currents 91 Other Renewable Energy Resources 137
Moisture in the Atmosphere 92 Geothermal Energy 137
Types of Precipitation 95 Wind Power 138
Storms 97 Nonfuel Mineral Resources 138
Climate Regions 99 The Distribution of Nonfuel Minerals 141
Tropical Climates (A) 101 Copper: A Case Study 142
Tropical Rain Forest (Af) 101 Land Resources 144
Savanna (Aw) 101 Soils 144
Monsoon (Am) 101 Wetlands 147
Dryland Climates (B) 106 Forest Resources 149
Hot Deserts (BWh) 106 U.S. National Forests 151
Midlatitude Deserts and Semideserts (BWk, BS) 106 Tropical Rain Forests 153
Humid Midlatitude Climates (C) 108 Resource Management 154
Mediterranean Climate (Cs) 108 Summary of Key Concepts 156
Humid Subtropical Climate (Cfa) 108 KeyWords 157
Marine West Coast Climate (Cfb) 108 Thinking Geographically 157
Subsystems of Culture 199
The Technological Subsystem 199
The Sociological Subsystem 204
The Ideological Subsystem 205
Culture Change 206
Innovation 207
Diffusion 208
Acculturation 210
Cultural Diversity 212
Language 213
The Culture-Environment Language Spread and Change 215
Tradition 159 Standard and Variant Languages 216
Language and Culture 219
Religion 222
Chapter SIX Religion ill
Classification and Distribution of Religions 223
Population Geography 160
The Principal Religions 226
Judaism 226
Population Growth 161 Christianity 227
Some Population Definitions 162 Islam 229
Birth Rates 163 Hinduism 231
Fertility Rates 164 Buddhism 233
East Asian Ethnic Religions 235
WMMie HrA»P*RER«BI G W^t W fc
Death Rates 167
Population Pyramids 171
Natural Increase and Doubling Times 172 Ethnicity 235
The Demographic Transition 176 Gender and Culture 237
The Western Experience 176 Other Aspects of Diversity 240
A Divided World Converging 178
Summary of Key Concepts 241
1 he Demographic Equation 180 Kgy Words 242
Population Relocation 180 Thinking Geographically 242
Immigration Impacts 181
World Population Distribution 182
Population Density 185
Overpopulation 185
Urbanization 187
Chapter EIGHT Spatial Interaction 243
Population Data and Projections 188
Population Data 188 e Definition of Spatial Interaction 244
Population Projections 189 Distance and Spatial Interaction 244
Population Controls 190 Barriers to Interaction 246
Population Prospects 191 Spatial Interaction and Innovation 247
Momentum 192 Individual Activity Space 247
Aging 192 Stage in Life 250
Mobility 250
Summary of Key Concepts 193
Opportunities 251
KeyWords 194
Thinking Geographically 194 Diffusion and Innovation 251
Contagious Diffusion 252
Hierarchical Diffusion 253
Spatial Interaction and Technology 253
Automobiles 254
Chapter SEVEN
Cultural Geography 195 Telecommunications 254
Migration 256
Components of Culture 196 Types of Migration 257
Interaction of People and Environment 198 Incentives to Migrate 259
Environments as Controls 199 Barriers to Migration 266
Human Impacts 199 Patterns of Migration 266
Globalization 268
Economic Integration 268
International Banking 269
Transnational Corporations 269
Global Marketing 269
Political Integration 271
Cultural Integration 271
Summary of Key Concepts 272
Key Words 272
Thinking Geographically 272 The Location Tradition 311
Chapter NINE
Chapter TEN Economic Geography 312
Political Geography 273
The Classification of Economic Activity and Economie
National Political Systems 275 Categories of Activity 314
States, Nations, and Nation-States 275 Types of Economic Systems 315
Evolution of the Modern State 276 Stages of Development 316
Challenges to the State 277 Primary Activities: Agriculture 317
Geographic Characteristics of States 279 Subsistence Agriculture 320
bize 279 Extensive Subsistence Agriculture 320
Shape 279 Intensive Subsistence Agriculture 322
Location 281 Expanding Crop Production 324
Cores and Capitals 282 Intensification and the Green Revolution 324
Boundaries: The Limits of the State 284 Commercial Agriculture 326
Natural and Artificial Boundaries 284 Production Controls 327
Boundaries Classified by Settlement 285 A Model of Agricultural Location 32 7
Boundaries as Sources of Conflict 286 Intensive Commercial Agriculture 328
Centripetal Forces: Promoting State Cohesion 290 Extensive Commercial Agriculture 329
Nationalism 290 Special Crops 331
Unifying Institutions 291 Agriculture in Planned Economies 332
Organization and Administration 291 Other Primary Activities 332
Transportation and Communication 291 Fishing 333
Centrifugal Forces: Challenges to State Authority 291 Forestry 334
Mining and Quarrying 334
Cooperation among States 297
Supranationalism 297 Trade in PnmaiT Products 337
The United Nations and Its Agencies 298 Secondary Activities: Manufacturing 338
Maritime Boundaries 298 Industrial Locational Models 339
Other Locational Considerations 340
An International Law of the Sea 299
UN Affiliates 300
Economic Alliances 300
Military and Political Alliances 302
Transport Characteristics 341
Agglomeration Economies 341
Just-in-Time and Flexible Production 342
Comparative Advantage, Outsourcing, and Offshorin
Imposed Considerations 344
Local and Regional Political Organization 303 Transnational Corporations (TNCs) 346
The Geography of Representation: The Districting Worfd Manufacturing Patterns and Trends 347
Problem 304 High-Tech Patterns 348
The Fragmentation of Political Power 305 lertiary and Beyond 350
Summary of Key Concepts 308 Tertiary Services 351
KeyWords 309 Beyond Tertiary 352
Thinking Geographically 309 Services in World Trade 353
Chapter TWELVE
Summary of Key Concepts 355
Thinking Geographically 356 Human Impact on the Environment 392
Ecosystems 393
Impact on Water 394
Availability of Water 395
An Urban World 357 Modification of Streams 397
Models of Urban Form 371
Water Quality 398
An Urbanizing World 359 Agricultural Sources of Water Pollution 399
Origins and Evolution of Cities 361 Fertilizers 399
Defining the City Today 362 Biocides 400
The Location of Urban Settlements 362 Animal Wasfa 40Q
The Economic Base 364
Other Sources of Water Pollution 401
functions or Cities Jod Industry 402
Cities as Central Markets 365
Cities as Centers of Production Mining 402
and Services 367 Municipalities and Residences 403
Cities as Centers of Administration Controlling Water Pollution 403
Impact on Air and Climate 404
Systems of Cities 368 Air Pollutants 404
The Urban Hierarchy 368 Factors Affecting Air Pollution 405
Rank-Size Relationships 369
Acid Rain 406
World Cities 369
Photochemical bmog 407
Inside the City 370
Depletion of the Ozone Layer 408
Controlling Air Pollution 411
Patterns of Land Use 370
The Central Business District 370
Outside the Central Business District 371 Impact on Landforms 411
Landforms Produced by Excavation 411
Landforms Produced by Dumping 412
Changes in Urban Form 374
Formation of Surface Depressions 413
Suburbanization 374
Impact on Plants and Animals 414
Decline of the Central City 375 Habitat Loss or Alteration 416
Downtown Renewal and Gentrification 377 Hunting and Commercial Exploitation 417
Social Areas of Cities 380 Introduction of Exotic Species 418
Family Status 380 Poisoning and Contamination 420
Social Status 381 Preserving Biodiversity 421
Ethnicity 382 Legal Protection 421
Institutional Controls 382 Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs) 422
Global Urban Diversity 383 Solid-Waste Disposal 422
Western European Cmes 384 Municipal Waste 422
Eastern European Goes 384
Kapidly Growing Cities in the Developing
World 386 Incineration 425
Colonial and Noncolonial Antecedents 387 Source Reduction and Recycling 425
Urban Primacy and Rapid Growth 388 Hazardous and Radioactive Wastes 426
Squatter Settlements 389 Hazardous Waste 426
Planned Cities 390 Radioactive Waste 427
Summary of Key Concepts 390 Summary of Key Concepts 430
KeyWords 391 KeyWords 430
Thinking Geographically 391 Thinking Geographically 431
The Area Analysis Tradition 433
CHAPTER THIRTEEN
The Regional Concept 434
The Nature of Regions 435
The Structure of This Chapter 437
Part I: Regions in the Earth Science Tradition 437 Glossary G-l
Landforms as Regions 437
Dynamic Regions in Weather and Climate 438
Natural Resource Regions 439 Index 1-1
Part II: Regions in the Culture-Environment
Tradition 442
Population as Regional Focus 442
Language as Region 443
Mental Regions 444
Political Regions 445
Part III: Regions in the Location Tradition 447
Economic Regions 447
Urban Regions 448
Ecosystems as Regions 450
Summary of Key Concepts 453
Key Words 453
Thinking Geographically 453
Appendices A-l
|
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| spelling | Introduction to geography Arthur Getis ... Geography 13. ed., internat. student ed. New York McGraw-Hill 2011 Getr. Zählung Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Geografie Geografie (DE-588)4020216-1 gnd rswk-swf 1\p (DE-588)4151278-9 Einführung gnd-content Geografie (DE-588)4020216-1 s DE-604 Getis, Arthur Sonstige oth HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020800164&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
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| subject_GND | (DE-588)4020216-1 (DE-588)4151278-9 |
| title | Introduction to geography |
| title_alt | Geography |
| title_auth | Introduction to geography |
| title_exact_search | Introduction to geography |
| title_full | Introduction to geography Arthur Getis ... |
| title_fullStr | Introduction to geography Arthur Getis ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Introduction to geography Arthur Getis ... |
| title_short | Introduction to geography |
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| topic_facet | Geografie Geography Einführung |
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