Giant molecules: here, there, and everywhere
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New Jersey [u.a.]
World Scientific
2011
|
| Ausgabe: | 2. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturverz. S. 313 - 316 |
| Beschreibung: | XXIV, 322 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9812839224 9789812839220 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804143587371253760 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Giant molecules
Autor: Grosberg, Aleksandr Ju
Jahr: 2011
Contents
Foreword by P.G. de Gennes vii
From the Reviews of the First Edition ix
Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xvii
Color Figures for Chapters 1-5 - (pp. 83-89)
Color Figures for Chapters 6-10 - (pp. 219-225)
Color Figures for Chapters 11-13 «- (pp.281-285)
1. Introduction: Physics in the World of Giant Molecules 1
2. What Does a Polymer Molecule Look Like? 5
2.1 Polymers are Long Molecular Chains .......... 5
2.2 Flexibility of Polymer Chains............... 7
2.3 Flexibility Mechanisms.................. 10
2.4 A Portrait of a Polymer Chain............. 11
2.5 Heteropolymers, Branched Polymers, and
Charged Polymers..................... 13
2.5.1 Heteropolymers................. 13
2.5.2 Branched Polymers............... 14
2.5.3 Charged Polymers................ 15
2.6 Ring Macromolecules and Topologkal Effects...... 16
xix
xx Giant Molecules: Here, There, and Everywhere
3. How are Polymers Made 19
3.1 Polymerization....................... 20
3.2 Polycondensation ..................... 22
3.3 Catalysts for Polymer Synthesis............. 23
3.4 Polydispersity, Living Polymerization.......... 24
3.5 Branched Polymers .................... 25
4. What Kinds of Polymer Substances are There? 27
4.1 Traditional States of Matter and Polymers...... 27
4.2 Possible States of Polymer Substances.......... 29
4.3 Plastics........................... 32
4.4 Polymerie Fibers...................... 34
4.5 Polymerie Liquid Crystals and Super-Strong Fibers . . 40
4.6 Polymer Solutions..................... 42
4.7 Polymer Blends and Block-Copolymers......... 44
4.8 Ionomers and Associating Polymers........... 46
4.9 Conductive Polymers................... 50
5. Polymers in Nature 53
5.1 A Few Words about Water and the Love or Fear of it . 54
5.2 Head-and-Tail Molecules ................. 56
5.3 Molecular Biology and Molecular Architecture..... 60
5.4 Molecular Machines: Proteins, RNA, and DNA..... 62
5.5 The Chemical Structure of Proteins, DNA and RNA . . 63
5.5.1 Proteins..................... 63
5.5.2 Nucleic Acids .................. 64
5.6 Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Structures
of Biopolymers ...................... 67
5.6.1 Primary Structures: Sequences......... 67
5.6.2 DNA Methylation................ 70
5.6.3 Secondary Structures.............. 70
5.6.4 Tertiary Structures............... 74
5.7 Globular Protein Enzymes................ 75
5.8 Molecular Motors..................... 78
5.9 Physics and Biology.................... 79
Color Figures for Chapters 1-5 83
Contents xxi
6. The Mathematics of a Simple Polymer Coil 91
6.1 Mathematics in Physics.................. 91
6.2 Analogy Between a Polymer Chain and
Brownian Motion ..................... 92
6.3 The Size of a Polymer Coil................ 95
6.4 Derivation of the Square Root Law.......... 97
6.5 Persistence Length and Kuhn Segment ......... 99
6.6 The Density of a Polymer Coil and Concentration
Ranges of a Polymer Solution............... 102
6.7 The Gaussian Distribution................ 104
7. The Physics of High Elasticity 109
7.1 Columbus Discovered ... Natural Rubber........ 109
7.2 High Elasticity....................... 110
7.3 The Discovery of Vulcanization.............. 112
7.4 Synthetic Rubber ..................... 115
7.5 High Elasticity and Stretching of an Individual Polymer
Chain............................ 115
7.6 Entropy........................... 121
7.7 Entropie Elasticity of an Ideal Gas............ 124
7.8 Free Energy......................... 126
7.9 Entropie Elasticity of a Polymer Chain......... 128
7.10 Entropie Elasticity of a Polymer Network........ 129
7.11 The Guch-Joule Effect and Thermal Aspects of Rubber
Deformation........................ 134
7.12 Single Chain Stretching Revisited: Worm-Like
Chain Model and dsDNA................. 137
7.12.1 Strong Stretching of a Chain is akin to its
Confmement in a Narrow Tube ........ 139
7.12.2 Strong Stretching of a Freely-Jointed Chain . 139
7.12.3 Strong Stretching of a Worm-Like Chain ... 141
7.12.4 Force Spectroscopy............... 144
8. The Problem of Excluded Volume 147
8.1 Linear Memory and Volume Interactions ........ 147
8.2 Four Forces in Molecular World; Scales and Units . . . 150
8.3 Excluded Volume ? Formulating the Problem..... 152
8.4 The Density of a Coil and Collisions of Monomer Units 154
xxii Giant Molecules: Here, There, and Everywhere
8.5 Good and Bad Solvents, and 9 Conditions........ 157
8.6 The Swelling of a Polymer Coil in a Good Solvent ... 158
8.7 The Excluded Volume Effect in a Semi-Dilute Solution 161
8.8 The Near Immiscibility of Polymer Blends ....... 164
9. Coils and Globules 167
9.1 What is a Coil-Globule Transition? ........... 167
9.2 The Free Energy of a Globule............... 169
9.3 The Energy of Monomer Interactions.......... 170
9.4 The Entropy Contribution ................ 171
9.5 The Swelling Coefficient a ................ 173
9.6 The Coil-Globule Transition ............... 175
9.7 Pre-Transitional Swelling................. 177
9.8 Experimental Observation of the Coil-Globule
Transition.......................... 178
9.9 Dynamics of the Coil-Globule Transition........ 180
9.10 Some Generalizations................... 181
9.11 The Collapse of Polymer Networks............ 182
9.12 The Globular State of the DNA Double Helix...... 186
9.13 Why do We Call Them Globules?............ 190
9.14 What is the Order of Coil-Globule Transition...... 191
10. Globular Proteins and Folding 193
10.1 Anfinsen s Experiment: Renaturation.......... 193
10.2 Aperiodic Crystal or Equilibrated Glass?........ 195
10.3 Levinthal s Paradox.................... 197
10.4 Denaturation and Renaturation are Sharp Cooperative
Transitions, with Latent Heat............... 199
10.5 Random Sequence Heteropolymers are Not Protein-Like,
for They Have No Latent Heat.............. 200
10.6 Selected Sequences..................... 204
10.7 Memorizing (and Confusing) More Than
One Conformation..................... 207
10.8 Landscapes and Funnels.................. 209
10.9 Nucleation, and the Resolution of Levinthal s Paradox . 210
10.10 In vivo, in vitro, in virtuo.................. 212
10.11 Do We Understand Protein Folding?........... 215
10.12 Wooden Toy........................ 216
Color Figures for Chapters 6-10 219
Contents xxiii
11. To Knot or Not to Knot 227
11.1 Knots in Physics: What are Atoms?........... 227
11.2 Table of Knots....................... 229
11.3 Are Knots Common? ................... 230
11.4 Knots in DNA....................... 233
11.5 Plectonemic DNA and Topological Enzymes ...... 234
11.6 Knots in Proteins..................... 236
12. Dynamics of Polymer Fluids 239
12.1 Viscosity.......................... 239
12.2 Viscoelasticity....................... 241
12.3 The Reptation Model................... 243
12.4 The Longest Relaxation Time .............. 244
12.5 Young s Modulus of a Network of Effective Cross-links . 248
12.6 The Tube.......................... 250
12.7 The Dependence of the Longest Relaxation Time on the
Chain Length........................ 251
12.8 The Viscosity of a Polymer Melt and the Self-Diffusion
Coefficient ......................... 254
12.9 Experimental Tests of the Theory of Reptation..... 255
12.10 Reptation Theory and the Gel-Electrophoresis of DNA 255
12.11 The Theory of Reptation and the Gel Effect Düring
Polymerization....................... 258
13. The Mathematics of Complicated Polymer Structures: Fractals 261
13.1 A Bit More About Maths in Physics: How Does a
Physicist Determine the Dimensionality of a Space? . . 261
13.2 Deterministic Fractals, or How to Draw Entertaining
Patterns........................... 262
13.3 Self-Similarity....................... 265
13.4 Natural Fractals...................... 266
13.5 Simple Polymer Fractals.................. 270
13.6 Why Wbrry About Fractals? (What the Two Authors
Said to Each Other One Day) .............. 273
13.7 Why Is Self-Similarity Described by Power Laws, and
What Use Can Be Made of This in Polymer Physics? . 274
13.8 Other Fractals in Polymers, and Polymers in Fractals . 277
xxiv Giant Molecules: Here, There, and Everywhere
13.9 Geometry and Classification............... 278
Color Figures for Chapters 11-13 281
14. Polymers, Evolution, and the Origin of Life 287
14.1 Why Evolution in a Book on Polymers?......... 287
14.2 Molecular Phenomenology of Evolution......... 289
14.2.1 Genealogie Tree and its Root: LUCA..... 289
14.2.2 Further Observations.............. 291
14.2.3 Power Laws................... 291
14.2.4 Statistics of Sequences............. 294
14.2.5 Meaningful and Meaningless, Random and
Fractal...................... 295
14.3 Entropy and Evolution .................. 296
14.3.1 Life in Evolving Universe............ 296
14.3.2 Life and the Second Law of Thermodynamics 297
14.3.3 Chemical Evolution on the Early Earth .... 301
14.3.4 Primary Polymerization............. 303
14.3.5 Memorizing of a Random Choice........ 306
14.3.6 Right and Left-Handed Symmetry in Nature . 307
14.3.7 QWERTY.................... 308
14.3.8 Emergence of Novel Information........ 309
14.4 Conclusion......................... 311
List of Suggested Further Reading 313
|
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| spelling | Grosberg, Alexander Verfasser aut Giant molecules here, there, and everywhere Alexander Y. Grosberg ; Alexei R. Khokhlov 2. ed. New Jersey [u.a.] World Scientific 2011 XXIV, 322 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Literaturverz. S. 313 - 316 Makromolekül (DE-588)4037172-4 gnd rswk-swf Polymere (DE-588)4046699-1 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4151278-9 Einführung gnd-content Makromolekül (DE-588)4037172-4 s DE-604 Polymere (DE-588)4046699-1 s 1\p DE-604 Chochlov, Aleksej R. 1954- Verfasser (DE-588)122660552 aut HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020794867&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Grosberg, Alexander Chochlov, Aleksej R. 1954- Giant molecules here, there, and everywhere Makromolekül (DE-588)4037172-4 gnd Polymere (DE-588)4046699-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4037172-4 (DE-588)4046699-1 (DE-588)4151278-9 |
| title | Giant molecules here, there, and everywhere |
| title_auth | Giant molecules here, there, and everywhere |
| title_exact_search | Giant molecules here, there, and everywhere |
| title_full | Giant molecules here, there, and everywhere Alexander Y. Grosberg ; Alexei R. Khokhlov |
| title_fullStr | Giant molecules here, there, and everywhere Alexander Y. Grosberg ; Alexei R. Khokhlov |
| title_full_unstemmed | Giant molecules here, there, and everywhere Alexander Y. Grosberg ; Alexei R. Khokhlov |
| title_short | Giant molecules |
| title_sort | giant molecules here there and everywhere |
| title_sub | here, there, and everywhere |
| topic | Makromolekül (DE-588)4037172-4 gnd Polymere (DE-588)4046699-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Makromolekül Polymere Einführung |
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