The CERN large hadron collider: accelerator and experiments 1 LHC machine, ALICE, and ATLAS
Saved in:
| Format: | Book |
|---|---|
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Geneva
CERN
2009
|
| Edition: | 1. print. |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | Getr. Zählung Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9789290833376 |
Staff View
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The CERN large hadron collider |b accelerator and experiments |n 1 |p LHC machine, ALICE, and ATLAS |c ed. by Amos Breskin ... |
| 250 | |a 1. print. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Geneva |b CERN |c 2009 | |
| 300 | |a Getr. Zählung |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 700 | 1 | |a Breskin, Amos |e Sonstige |0 (DE-588)128047909 |4 oth | |
| 710 | 2 | |a CERN |e Sonstige |0 (DE-588)1020028-9 |4 oth | |
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| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-020718458 | ||
Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804143494897336320 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
1
Introduction
1
2 Main machine
layout and performance
3
2.1
Performance goals
3
2.2
Performance limitations
4
2.2.1
Beam-beam limit
4
2.2.2
Mechanical aperture
4
2.2.3
Maximum
dipole
field and magnet quench limits
5
2.2.4
Energy stored in the circulating beams and in the magnetic fields
5
2.2.5
Heat load
5
2.2.6
Field quality and dynamic aperture
5
2.2.7
Collective beam instabilities
6
2.2.8
Luminosity lifetime
6
2.2.9
Average turnaround time
7
2.2.10
Integrated luminosity
7
2.3
Lattice layout
7
2.4
Corrector circuits
11
2.4.1
Arc orbit corrector magnets MCB
11
2.4.2
Chromaticity or lattice sextupoles, MS
11
2.4.3
Lattice skew sextupoles,
MSS
11
2.4.4
Tune-shift or tuning quadrupoles, MQT
11
2.4.5
Arc skew quadrupole corrector magnets, MQS
12
2.4.6
Landau damping or lattice octupoles, MO
12
2.4.7
Spool-piece corrector magnets
12
2.5
High luminosity insertions (IR1 and IR5)
12
2.6
Medium luminosity insertion in IR2
13
2.7
Beam cleaning insertions in IR3 and IR7
15
2.8
RF insertion in IR4
16
2.9
Beam abort insertion in IR6
16
2.10
Medium luminosity insertion in IR8
16
3
Magnets
19
3.1
Overview
19
3.2
Superconducting cable
19
3.3
Main
dipole
cold mass
22
3.4
Dipole
cryostat
27
3.5
Short straight sections of the arcs
27
3.6
Orbit and multipole correctors in the arcs
29
3.7
Insertion magnets
30
3.8
Dispersion suppressors
31
-11-
3.9
Matching section quadrupoles
32
3.10
Matching section separation dipoles
35
3.11
Low-beta triplets
40
3.12
Compensator dipoles in ALICE and LHCb experiments
44
The RF systems and beam feedback
46
4.1
Introduction
46
4.2
Main
400
MHz RF Accelerating System (ACS)
48
4.3
Staged
200
MHz Capture System (ACN)
51
4.4
Transverse damping and feedback system (ADT)
52
4.5
Low-level RF
53
Vacuum system
55
5.1
Overview
55
5.2
Beam vacuum requirements
55
5.3
Beam vacuum in the arcs and dispersion suppressors
56
5.3.1
Beam screen (figure
5.1) 57
5.3.2
Cold interconnects (figures
5.2
and
5.3) 57
5.3.3
Beam position monitor bodies and supports (figure
5.4) 59
5.4
Beam vacuum in the insertions
59
5.4.1
Beam screen
59
5.4.2
Cold interconnections and Cold-Warm Transitions
60
5.4.3
Room temperature beam vacuum in the field free regions
61
5.4.4
Beam vacuum in room temperature magnets
61
5.4.5
Bake-out and
NEG
activation
61
5.5
Insulation vacuum
62
5.6
Vacuum controls
63
Powering and protection
64
6.1
Overview
64
6.2
Powering circuits
64
6.3
Powering equipment
69
6.3.1
Current leads
69
6.3.2
Electrical feedboxes
69
6.3.3
Superconducting links
70
6.3.4
Bus-bar systems
71
6.3.5
Normal conducting cables
71
6.4
Protection equipment
71
6.4.1
Quench heater power supplies
72
6.4.2
Energy extraction systems
72
6.4.3 13
kA
circuits
73
6.4.4 600
A extraction equipment
75
6.4.5
Cold diodes
75
-111
-
6.4.6
Controllers
76
6.4.7
Supervision
of the Quench Protection System {QPS
) 76
6.5
Operational aspects and reliability
76
6.5.1
Electrical quality assurance
76
6.5.2
Quench detectors
77
6.5.3
Quench Heater Power Supplies (DQHDS)
77
6.5.4
Energy extraction
78
7
Cryogenic system
80
7.1
Overview
80
7.2
General architecture
81
7.3
Temperature levels
83
7.4
Cooling scheme
84
7.4.1
Arc and dispersion suppressor cooling loops
84
7.4.2
Matching section cooling loops
86
7.4.3
Inner triplet cooling loops
86
7.5
Cryogenic distribution
86
7.6
Refrigeration plants
88
7.6.1 4.5
к
refrigerators
88
7.6.2 1.8
к
refrigerators
88
7.7
Cryogen storage and management
88
8
Beam instrumentation
90
8.1
Beam position measurement
90
8.2
Beam current transformers
92
8.3
Beam loss system
93
8.4
Transverse profile measurement
94
8.5
Longitudinal profile measurement
94
8.6
Luminosity monitors
95
8.7
Tune, chromaticity, and betatron coupling
96
8.7.1
General tune measurement system
96
8.7.2
AC
dipole
96
8.7.3
High sensitivity tune measurement system
96
8.7.4
Chromaticity measurement
97
8.7.5
Betatron coupling measurement
97
8.8
Long-range beam-beam compensation
97
9
Control system
98
9.1
Introduction
98
9.2
Architecture
98
9.2.1
Overall architecture
98
9.2.2
Network
100
9.3
Equipment access
101
-ív-
9.3.1
The VME and PC Front End Computers
101
9.3.2
ThePLCs
102
9.3.3
The supported fieldbuses
102
9.3.4
The WorldFIP fieldbus
102
9.3.5
The Profibus fieldbus
103
9.4
Servers and operator consoles
103
9.5
Machine timing and UTC
103
9.5.1
Central beam and cycle management
103
9.5.2
Timing generation, transmission and reception
104
9.5.3
UTC for LHC time stamping
104
9.5.4
UTC generation, transmission and reception
105
9.5.5
NTP time protocol
105
9.6
Data management
105
9.6.1
Offline and online data repositories
106
9.6.2
Electrical circuits
107
9.6.3
Control system configuration
107
9.7
Communication and software frameworks
108
9.7.1
FEC software framework
108
9.7.2
Controls Middleware
108
9.7.3
Device access model
109
9.7.4
Messaging model
110
9.7.5
The J2EE framework for machine control
110
9.7.6
The
ÚNICOS
framework for industrial controls
111
9.7.7
The
ÚNICOS
object model
112
9.8
Control room software
113
9.8.1
Software for LHC beam operation
113
9.8.2
Software requirements
113
9.8.3
The software development process
114
9.8.4
Software for LHC Industrial Systems
115
9.9
Services for operations
115
9.9.1
Analogue signals transmission
115
9.9.2
Alarms
116
9.9.3
Logging
117
9.9.4
Postmortem
118
10
Beam dumping
120
10.1
System and main parameters
120
10.2
Reliability
122
10.2.1
MKD
122
10.2.2
MKB
123
10.2.3
MSD
123
10.2.4
Vacuum system and TDE
123
10.2.5
Post-mortem
123
-v-
10.2.6 Synchronisation 123
10.2.7 Energy
tracking
123
10.2.8
Other protection
124
10.3
Main equipment subsystems
124
10.3.1
Fast-pulsed extraction magnets MKD
124
10.3.2
Generator
125
10.3.3
Fast-pulsed dilution magnets MKB
126
1Ö.3.4
Extraction septum magnets MSD
127
10.3.5
Beam dump absorber block TDE
127
10.3.6
Activation
129
11
Beam injection
130
11.1
Overview
130
11.2
Injection septa
131
11.3
Injection kickers
132
11.4
Control system
136
11.5
Beam instrumentation
136
12
Injection chain
138
12.1
Introduction
138
12.2
LHC and SPS requirements
139
12.3
Scheme to produce the LHC proton beam in the PS complex
140
12.3.1
Space charge issues in PSB and PS
140
12.3.2
LHC bunch train generation in the PS
142
12.3.3
Initial debunching-rebunching scheme
142
12.3.4
Multiple splitting scheme
143
12.4
Overview of hardware changes
143
13
LHC as an ion collider
146
13.1
LHC parameters for lead ions
146
13.1.1
Nominal ion scheme
147
13.1.2
Early ion scheme
147
13.2
Orbits and optical configurations for heavy ions
148
13.3
Longitudinal dynamics
149
13.4
Effects of nuclear interactions on the LHC and its beams
149
13.5
Intra-beam scattering
150
13.6
Synchrotron radiation from lead ions
150
LHC machine acronyms
153
Bibliography
154
-
VI
-
|
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| dewey-ones | 539 - Modern physics |
| dewey-raw | 539.736 |
| dewey-search | 539.736 |
| dewey-sort | 3539.736 |
| dewey-tens | 530 - Physics |
| discipline | Physik |
| edition | 1. print. |
| format | Book |
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| isbn | 9789290833376 |
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| spelling | The CERN large hadron collider accelerator and experiments 1 LHC machine, ALICE, and ATLAS ed. by Amos Breskin ... 1. print. Geneva CERN 2009 Getr. Zählung Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Breskin, Amos Sonstige (DE-588)128047909 oth CERN Sonstige (DE-588)1020028-9 oth (DE-604)BV036786872 1 Digitalisierung UB Regensburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020718458&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | The CERN large hadron collider accelerator and experiments |
| title | The CERN large hadron collider accelerator and experiments |
| title_auth | The CERN large hadron collider accelerator and experiments |
| title_exact_search | The CERN large hadron collider accelerator and experiments |
| title_full | The CERN large hadron collider accelerator and experiments 1 LHC machine, ALICE, and ATLAS ed. by Amos Breskin ... |
| title_fullStr | The CERN large hadron collider accelerator and experiments 1 LHC machine, ALICE, and ATLAS ed. by Amos Breskin ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | The CERN large hadron collider accelerator and experiments 1 LHC machine, ALICE, and ATLAS ed. by Amos Breskin ... |
| title_short | The CERN large hadron collider |
| title_sort | the cern large hadron collider accelerator and experiments lhc machine alice and atlas |
| title_sub | accelerator and experiments |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020718458&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV036786872 |
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