Understanding sea-level rise and variability:
Gespeichert in:
| Weitere Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Chichester [u.a.]
Wiley-Blackwell
2010
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Beschreibung: | XXVI, 428 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9781444334524 9781444334517 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Understanding sea-level rise and variability |c ed. by John A. Church ... |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804143453691445248 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Editor
Biographies x
List of Contributors
xi
Foreword
xvii
Acknowledgments
xix
Abbreviations and Acronyms
xxii
1
Introduction
1
Philip L. Woodworth, John A. Church, Thorkild Aarup, and
W. Stanley Wilson
References
15
2
Impacts of and Responses to Sea-Level Rise
17
Robert J. Nicholls
2.1
Introduction
17
2.2
Climate Change and Global/Relative Sea-Level Rise
18
2.3
Sea-Level Rise and Resulting Impacts
22
2.4
Framework and Methods for the Analysis of
Sea-Level-Rise Impacts
25
2.5
Recent Impacts of Sea-Level Rise
27
2.6
Future Impacts of Sea-Level Rise
30
2.7
Responding to Sea-Level Rise
37
2.8
Next Steps
40
2.9
Concluding Remarks
41
Acknowledgments
43
References
43
3
A First-Order Assessment of the Impact of Long-Term
Trends in Extreme Sea Levels on Offshore Structures and
Coastal Refineries
52
Ralph
Rayner
and Bev MacKenzie
3.1
Introduction
52
3.2
Design Considerations
54
3.3
Impact of
Long-Term
Trends in Extreme Sea Levels
55
3.4
Evaluating the Economic Impact
57
3.5
Conclusions
58
References
59
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
Paleoenvironmental
Records,
Geophysical Modeling, and
Reconstruction of Sea-Level Trends and Variability on
Centennial and Longer Timescales
Kurt Lambeck, Colin D. Woodroffe,
Fabrizio Antonioli,
Marco
Anzidei, W. Roland Gehrels, Jacques
Laborei,
and Alex
J.
Wright
4.1
Introduction
Past Sea-Level Changes
Sea-Level Indicators
Geophysical Modeling of Variability in Relative
Sea-Level History
Regional Case Studies
Discussion and Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
5
Modern Sea-Level-Change Estimates
Gary T. Mitchum, R. Steven
Nerem,
Mark A. Merrifield, and
W
Roland Gehrels
5.1
Introduction
Estimates from Proxy Sea-Level Records
Estimates of Global Sea-Level Change from
Tide Gauges
Estimates of Global Sea-Level Change from
Satellite Altimetry
Recommendations
Acknowledgments
References
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
Ocean Temperature and Salinity Contributions to Global and
Regional Sea-Level Change
John A. Church, Dean Roemmich,
Catta
M. Domingues,
Josh K. Willis, Neil]. White, John E.
Gilson,
Detlef
Stammer,
Armin
Kohl, Don P. Chambers, Felix W. Landerer,
Jochem Marotzke, Jonathan M. Gregory, Tatsuo Suzuki,
Anny
Cazenave, and
Pierre-Yves Le Traon
6.1
Introduction
6.2
Direct Estimates of Steric Sea-Level Rise
Estimating Steric Sea-Level Change Using
Ocean Syntheses
Inferring Steric Sea Level from Time-Variable Gravity
and Sea Level
Modeling Steric Sea-Level Rise
Conclusions and Recommendations
Acknowledgments
References
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
61
61
62
73
84
88
95
105
105
122
122
123
126
133
137
138
138
143
143
145
152
154
156
166
168
168
7
Cryospheric Contributions to Sea-Level Rise and Variability
177
Konrad Steffen,
Robert
H.
Thomas, Eric Rignot, J. Graham Cogley,
Mark B. Dyurgerov, Sarah
C.B.
Raper, Philippe Huybrechts, and
Edward
Hanna
7.1
Introduction
177
7.2
Mass-Balance Techniques
178
7.3
Ice-Sheet Mass Balance
180
7.4
Mass Balance of Glaciers and Ice Caps
192
7.5
Glacier, Ice-Cap, and Ice-Sheet Modeling
200
7.6
Summary and Recommendations
210
References
214
8
Terrestrial Water-Storage Contributions to Sea-Level Rise
and Variability
226
P.C.D. (Chris)
Milly,
Anny
Cazenave, James S. Famiglietti,
Vivien Gornitz, Katia Laval, Dennis P. Lettenmaier,
Dork L. Sahagian, John M.
Wahr,
and Clark R. Wilson
8.1
Introduction
226
8.2
Analysis Tools
229
8.3
Climate-Driven Changes of Terrestrial Water Storage
236
8.4
Direct Anthropogenic Changes of Terrestrial Water Storage
241
8.5
Synthesis
246
8.6
Recommendations
248
References
249
9
Geodetic Observations and Global Reference Frame
Contributions to Understanding Sea-Level Rise and Variability
256
Geoff Blewitt, Zuheir
Altamimi,
James Davis, Richard Gross,
Chung-Yen Kuo, Frank G. Lemoine, Angelyn W. Moore,
Ruth E. Neilan, Hans-Peter
Plag, Markus
Rothacher,
CK.
Shum,
Michael G. Sideris,
Tilo
Schöne,
Paul Tregoning, and Susanna
Zerbini
9.1
Introduction
256
9.2
Global and Regional Reference Systems
263
9.3
Linking GPS to Tide Gauges and Tide-Gauge Benchmarks
274
9.4
Recommendations for Geodetic Observations
279
Acknowledgments
281
References
281
10
Surface Mass Loading on a Dynamic Earth: Complexity
and Contamination in the Geodetic Analysis of Global
Sea-Level Trends
285
Jerry X. Mitrovica, Mark E. Tamisiea, Erik R. Ivins, L.L.A. (Bert)
Vermeersen,
Glenn A. Milne, and Kurt Lambeck
10.1
Introduction
285
10.2
Glacial Isostatic Adjustment
290
10.3
Sea Level, Sea Surface, and the
Geoid
10.4
Rapid Melting and Sea-Level Fingerprints
10.5
Great Earthquakes
10.6
Final Remarks
Acknowledgments
References
1
1
Past and Future Changes in Extreme Sea Levels and Waves
fason
A. Lowe, Philip L. Woodworth, Tom
Knutson,
Ruth E. McDonald, Kathleen L. Mdnnes,
Katja Woth,
Hans
von Storch,
Judith Wolf,
Val
Swail, Natacha B. Bernier,
Sergey Gulev, Kevin J. Horsburgh, Alakkat S. Unnikrishnan,
John R. Hunter, and
Ralf Weisse
11.1
Introduction
11.2
Evidence for Changes in Extreme Sea Levels and
Waves in the Recent Past
11.3
Mid-Latitude and Tropical Storms: Changes in
the Atmospheric Drivers of Extreme Sea Level
11.4
Future Extreme Water Levels
11.5
Future Research Needs
11.6
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
300
302
308
311
313
313
326
326
327
337
346
357
361
361
361
12
Observing Systems Needed to Address Sea-Level Rise and Variability
376
W. Stanley Wilson,
Waleed
Abdalati,
Douglas Alsdorf,
Jérôme
Benveniste, Hans Bonekamp, J. Graham Cogley, Mark R.
Drinkwater,
Lee-Lueng
Fu,
Richard Gross, Bruce J.
Haines,
D.E.
Harrison,
Gregory C. Johnson, Michael Johnson, John L. LaBrecque, Eric J.
Lindstrom,
Mark A. Merrifield,
Laury
Miller, Erricos
С
Pavlis,
Stephen Piotrowicz, Dean Roemmich,
Detlef
Stammer, Robert H.
Thomas, Eric Thouvenot, and Philip L. Woodworth
12.1
Introduction
376
12.2
Sustained, Systematic Observing Systems
(Existing Capabilities)
377
12.3
Development of Improved Observing Systems
(New Capabilities)
390
12.4
Summary
398
References
400
Ì3
Sea-Level Rise and Variability: Synthesis and Outlook for
the Future
402
John A. Church, Thorkild Aarup, Philip L. Woodworth, W. Stanley
Wilson, Robert J. Nicholls, Ralph
Rayner,
Kurt Lambeck, Gary T.
Mitchum,
Konrad Steffen,
Anny Cazenave,
Geoff
Blewitt,
Jerry
X.
Mitrovica, and Jason A. Lowe
13.1
13.2
13.3
13.4
13.5
13.6
Historical Sea-Level Change
Why is Sea Level Rising?
The Regional Distribution of Sea-Level Rise
Projections of Sea-Level Rise for the 21st Century and Beyond
Changes in Extreme Events
Sea Level and Society
References
403
405
409
Index
421
Sea-level rise is one of the most obvious manifestations of anthropogenic climate change,
and it directly threatens coasts as a result of increased erosion, more frequent storm-surge
flooding and loss of habitat. However, the wide range of uncertainty in projections of global
and regional sea-level rise presented by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
is a significant hindrance in agreeing to appropriate mitigation levels and in planning
adaptation measures. A workshop in June
2006,
organized under the auspices of the World
Climate Research Programme (WCRP) to address this issue, led to publication of this book.
Understanding Sea-Level Rise and Variability identifies the major impacts of sea-level rise,
presents up-to-date assessments of past sea-level change, thoroughly explores all of the
factors contributing to sea-level rise, and explores how sea-level extreme events might
change. It identifies what is known in each area and what research and observations are
required to reduce the uncertainties in our understanding of sea-level rise so that more
reliable future projections can be made. A synthesis of findings provides a concise summary
of sea-level rise and its impacts on society. The book is for everyone interested in sea-level
rise and its impacts, including policy makers, research funders, scientists, students, coastal
managers and engineers.
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| title | Understanding sea-level rise and variability |
| title_auth | Understanding sea-level rise and variability |
| title_exact_search | Understanding sea-level rise and variability |
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