Religions of the world:
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
New York ; Munich [u.a.]
VangoBooks, an imprint of Pearson Education
2009
|
| Edition: | 11. ed. |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XIII, 416 S. Ill., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9780136061779 |
Staff View
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | CONTENTS
Preface
xii
Introduction and Overview
1
A Definition of Religion
2
The Universality of Religion
4
Theories of the Origin of Religions
4
Animistic Theories
5
The Nature-Worship Theory
5
The Theory of Original Monotheism
6
The Magic Theory
6
Theories of Religion as Projections of Human Needs
7
Types of Religions
8
Basic Religions
8
Religions Originating in India
8
Religions Originating in China and japan
9
Religions Originating in the Middle East
9
Religion and Violence
9
Study Questions
10
PART I Basic Religions
12
CHAPTER
1
Basic Religions and World Religions
14
Sources of Information Concerning Basic Religions
16
Prehistoric Beginnings of Basic Religions
1 7
Neanderthal Religion
1 7
Cro-Magnon Religion
18
Neolithic Religion
19
Common Features of Basic Religions
20
Animism
20
Magic
21
Divination
22
Taboo
24
Totems
24
Sacrifice
25
Myth
26
Rituals
26
Rites of Passage
27
Ancestor Veneration
28
Study Questions
28
Suggested Reading
29
CHAPTER
2
Native American Religions
30
The Spirit World
32
Animism
33
Contacts with the Spirit World
35
Sacrifice
35
Taboos
36
Ceremonies and Rituals
37
The Vision Quest
39
Religious Leadership
40
Other Means of Contact with the Spirit World
41
Death and Life after Death
43
Native American Religions Today
44
Study Questions
46
Suggested Reading
46
Source Material
47
Native American Myths
47
Sioux Legend of the Buffalo Maiden
47
Wooing Wohpe
48
CHAPTER
3
African Religions
51
Native Religions
52
The High Cod
53
The Lesser Spirits
55
Ancestors
56
Sacrifice
58
Rites of Passage
60
Religious Leaders
62
Non-native African Religions
66
African Religions Today
66
Study Questions
67
Suggested Reading
67
Source Material
68
VII
VIII
Contents
An African Divine
King
68
An African Creation Story
70
PART II Religions Originating
in India
72
CHAPTER
4
Hinduism
77
The Origins of Hinduism
79
Pre-Aryan India
79
The Coming of the Aryans
81
Aryan Religion
82
The
Vedic
Era
84
The
Vedas
84
The Upanishads
87
The Law of
Manu
90
Jainism and Buddhism
93
Bhagavad
Gita
95
Postclassical Hinduism
97
Devotion to Three Major Gods
98
Devotion to Knowledge
102
Muslim Influences in India
107
Modern Hinduism
108
Hindu Holy Days
112
Holi
112
Divali
112
Dasehra
113
Hinduism Today
113
Study Questions
114
Suggested Reading
114
Source Material
114
Selections from the Rig-Veda
114
Varunda and
Indra
115
What God Shall We Adore with Our Oblation?
115
Selections from Upanishads
116
Selections from the Law of
Manu
116
Selections from the Bhagavad
Cita
118
Shankara on the Nature of the Brahman
119
CHAPTER
5
Jainism
122
The Life of Mahavira
123
The Teachings of Jainism
124
Jain Sects
126
Jain Festivals
128
Paijusana
128
Divali
128
Jainism Today
129
Study Questions
130
Suggested Reading
130
Source Material
130
A Jain Parable: The Man in the Well
130
Jain Respect for Life
132
CHAPTER
6
Buddhism
134
The Life of Gautama
135
The Teachings of the Buddha
139
The Development of Buddhism
141
Theravada Buddhism
142
Mahayana Buddhism
144
The Principles of Mahayana
144
The Spread of Mahayana Buddhism
145
Mahayanist Sects
146
Tibetan Buddhism
151
Buddhist Festivals and Holy Days
153
New Year
154
Buddha s Birthday
154
The Festival of Souls (Ullambana)
154
The Robe Offering
155
Buddhism Today
155
Study Questions
156
Suggested Reading
156
Source Material
157
Gautama Speaks of His Ascetic Practices
157
The Buddha Explains the Eightfold Path
159
The Infinite Compassion of the Bodhisattva
160
The Importance of Sitting
161
CHAPTER
7
Sikhism
163
The Life of Nanak
164
The Teachings of Nanak
166
The Historical Development of Sikhism
167
Divisions within Sikhism
168
Sikh Religious Life
169
Sikh Holy Days
1 70
Sikhism Today
1 71
Study Questions
1 72
Suggested Reading
1 72
Source Material
1 72
The Japji
1 72
PART III Religions Originating
in China and Japan
Ί
76
CHAPTER
8
Chinese Religions
179
Basic Chinese Religious Concepts
180
Recognition of Multiple Cods and Spirits
181
Yin and Yang
182
Filial Piety and Ancestor Worship
183
Divination
183
Development of Belief in the Shang
Ti
184
Decline of the Feudal System
184
Taoism
185
The Life of Lao-tzu
185
The Tao
Té Ching
186
Teachings of the Taoist Philosophers
186
Schools that Rivaled the Early Taoists
189
Later Development of Taoism
190
Confucianism
192
The Life of Confucius
193
The Teachings of Confucius
195
The Development of Confucianism
197
Traditional Chinese Holidays
200
Chinese New Year
200
Pure and Bright Festival
200
The Dragon Boat Festival
201
All Soul s Day
201
Autumn Harvest Festival
201
Winter Holidays
201
Religion in China Today
201
Study Questions
203
Suggested Reading
204
Contents
ix
Source Material
204
Selections from Sacred Chinese Literature
204
Tao
Té
Ching
204
The Analects of Confucius
207
The Meaning and Value of Rituals
210
CHAPTER
9
Shinto
213
Japanese Mythology
214
The History of Shinto
214
Shinto Prior to
300
C.E.
214
Chinese Influence on Shinto
214
The Revival of Shinto
216
The Modern Era
220
Three Forms of Shinto
220
State Shinto
220
Sectarian Shinto
221
Domestic Shinto
222
Japanese Festivals
223
New Year (Shogatsu)
224
Buddha s Birthday
224
All Soul s Day (Ullambana)
224
Autumn Festival (Niiname-sai)
224
Shinto Today
224
Study Questions
225
Suggested Reading
225
Source Material
225
Shinto Myths
225
Myths Regarding the Plain of High Heaven
225
PART IV Religions Originating
in the Middle East
228
CHAPTER
10
Zoroastrianism
234
Pre-Zoroastrian Persian Religion
235
The Life of Zoroaster
2 36
The Teachings of Zoroaster
237
The Nature of God
23 7
The Cod of Evil
239
The Nature of Humankind
240
Contents
The Destiny of Humankind
241
Zoroastrian Ethics
242
Zoroastrian Worship
243
Historical Development of Zoroastrianism
245
Zoroastrian Holy Days
247
The Jasans
247
New Year s Day
(NôRûz)
247
Seasonal Feasts (Gahambars)
248
All Souls Day (Muktad)
248
Zoroastrianism Today
248
Study Questions
249
Suggested Reading
249
Source Material
249
Zoroastrian Eschatology
249
Zoroastrian Dualism
251
CHAPTER
11
Judaism
253
Biblical Patriarchs
255
Exodus
256
Sinai and the Law
257
Post-Sinai Religious Institutions
258
Religion in the Time of the Hebrew Monarchy
259
The Temple
259
The Prophetic Movement
260
Exile and Return
261
Diaspora
262
The Synagogue
262
The Mishnah
265
The Talmud
265
Medieval Judaism
267
Judaism and Islam
267
Judaism in Spain
268
Judaism in Other European Nations
269
The Crusades
269
The Kabbalah
269
Iudaism
and the Modern World
271
Responses to Modernity
272
Shabbatai Zevi
272
Mendelssohn
272
Baal Shem
Tov
272
Reform Judaism
273
Zionism
274
Anti-Semitism and the Holocaust
275
The State of Israel
277
Current Variations in Judaism
278
Jewish Festivals and Holy Days
280
Sabbath (Shabbat)
280
Passover
(Pesách)
280
The Feast of Weeks (Shavuot)
281
New Year (Rosh Hashanah)
281
The Day of Atonement (Yom Kippur)
281
The Feast of Tabernacles
(Sukkot)
282
The Feast of Dedication (Chanukah)
282
The Feast of Lots (Purim)
283
The Son of the Commandment (Bar Mitzvah)
283
Judaism Today
284
Study Questions
285
Suggested Reading
285
Source Material
285
Selections from Hebrew Scriptures
285
Deuteronomy
286
The Psalms, Book I
288
Micah
288
The Mishnah: Pesahim (The Feast of Passover)
290
CHAPTER
12
Christianity
292
The World of the First Century C.E.
293
The Life and Teachings of
Jesus
295
Early Christianity
303
The Jerusalem Church
303
The Life of Paul
304
The Worship of the Early Church
305
Leadership in the Early Church
306
The Production of the New Testament
307
Early Theological Controversies
308
Growth of the Church of Rome
310
Emergence of Christianity as the Religion
of the Roman Empire
311
Augustine
311
The Monastic Movement
313
Medieval Christianity
314
Division between Eastern and Western Christianity
314
The Medieval Papacy
315
Thomas
Aquinas
The Protestant Reformation
Early Reform Movements
Martin Luther
Ulrich
Zwingli
John Calvin
Other Reformation Leaders and Movements
Modern Christianity
The Catholic Counter-Reformation
Catholic Dogmas since the Counter-Reformation
Vatican II
Modern Movements
Modern Protestant Movements
The Missionary Movement
The Ecumenical Movement
The Christian Calendar and Holy Days
Sunday
Advent, Christmas, and Epiphany
Easter
Pentecost
Christianity Today
Study Questions
Suggested Reading
Source Material
Selections from the New Testament
Sermon on the Mount
Romans
I Corinthians
Revelations
The Martyrdom of
Perpetua
and
Felicitas
CHAPTER
Islam
13
Pre-lslamic Arab Religion
The Life of Muhammad
The Qur an
The Nature of God
Predestination
Eschatology
Religious Institutions
The Mosque
The Five Pillars
Islam and Women
316
317
317
318
319
320
320
323
323
326
327
327
327
328
329
329
330
330
330
331
331
334
334
335
335
335
339
340
342
342
345
347
348
Ï52
353
354
355
Î55
355
357
359
Contents
xi
Islamic Taboos
360
Jihad
361
The Spread of Islam
361
The Caliphate
363
Variations within Islam
364
The Sunnis
364
The Shi ites
365
The Mystical Element
366
Islam in the Modern World
368
Muslim Calendar and Holy Days
371
Feast of Fast-Breaking ( Id al-Fitr)
371
Feast of Sacrifice ( Id al-Adha)
371
New Year
372
Birthday of the Prophet Muhammad
(Mawlid an-Nabi)
372
Islam Today
372
Study Questions
373
Suggested Reading
373
Source Material
374
The Muslim Vision of God
374
The Prescriptions of Islam
378
On the Day of Judgment
381
CHAPTER
14
,.,..-;4!
Baha i
WC14-1
Origin and Development of Baha i
WC
14-2
The Teachings of Baha i
WC14-3
Baha i Practices
WC14-6
Baha i Calendar and Holy Days
WC14-8
Baha i Today
WC14-9
Study Questions
WC1
4-9
Suggested Reading
WC14-9
Source Material
WC14-9
Selections from the Writings of Bahaullah WC1
4-9
Notes
383
Glossary
395
Credits
403
Index
405
www.myreligionkit.com*
|
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| title | Religions of the world |
| title_auth | Religions of the world |
| title_exact_search | Religions of the world |
| title_full | Religions of the world Lewis M. Hopfe. Revised by Mark R. Woodward |
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| title_full_unstemmed | Religions of the world Lewis M. Hopfe. Revised by Mark R. Woodward |
| title_short | Religions of the world |
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