Fiber-optic communication systems:
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Hoboken
Wiley
2010
|
| Edition: | 4. ed. |
| Series: | Wiley series in microwave and optical engineering
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XVII, 603 S. graph. Darst. 1 CD-ROM |
| ISBN: | 9780470505113 |
Staff View
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| 100 | 1 | |a Agrawal, Govind P. |d 1951- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)133674525 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Fiber-optic communication systems |c Govind P. Agrawal |
| 250 | |a 4. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Hoboken |b Wiley |c 2010 | |
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804143397338873856 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Preface xv
1 Introduction 1
1 1 Historical Perspective 1
111 Need for Fiber-Optic Communications 2
112 Evolution of Lightwave Systems 4
1 2 Basic Concepts 8
121 Analog and Digital Signals 8
122 Channel Multiplexing 11
123 Modulation Formats 13
1 3 Optical Communication Systems 16
1 4 Lightwave System Components 17
141 Optical Fibers as a Communication Channel 18
142 Optical Transmitters 18
143 Optical Receivers 19
Problems 20
References 21
2 Optical Fibers 24
2 1 Geometrical-Optics Description 24
211 Step-Index Fibers 25
212 Graded-Index Fibers 27
2 2 Wave Propagation 29
221 Maxwell’s Equations 29
222 Fiber Modes 31
223 Single-Mode Fibers 34
2 3 Dispersion in Single-Mode Fibers 38
231 Group-Velocity Dispersion ’ 39
232 Material Dispersion 40
233 Waveguide Dispersion 41
234 Higher-Order Dispersion 43
235 Polarization-Mode Dispersion 44
2 4 Dispersion-Induced Limitations 46
241 Basic Propagation Equation 46
vii
Contents
242 Chirped Gaussian Pulses
243 Limitations on the Bit Rate
244 Fiber Bandwidth
2 5 Fiber Losses
251 Attenuation Coefficient
252 Material Absorption
253 Rayleigh Scattering
254 Waveguide Imperfections
2 6 Nonlinear Optical Effects
261 Stimulated Light Scattering
262 Nonlinear Phase Modulation
263 Four-Wave Mixing
2 7 Fiber Design and Fabrication
271 Silica Fibers
272 Plastic Optical Fibers
273 Cables and Connectors
Problems
References
3 Optical Transmitters
3 1 Semiconductor Laser Physics
311 Spontaneous and Stimulated Emissions
312 Nonradiative Recombination
313 Optical Gain
314 Feedback and Laser Threshold
315 Longitudinal Modes
316 Laser Structures
3 2 Single-Mode Semiconductor Lasers
321 Distributed Feedback Lasers
322 Coupled-Cavity Semiconductor Lasers
323 Tunable Semiconductor Lasers
324 Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers
3 3 Laser Characteristics
331 CW Characteristics
332 Modulation Bandwidth
333 Relative Intensity Noise
334 Spectral Linewidth
3 4 Optical Signal Generation
341 Direct Modulation
342 External Modulation
3 5 Light-Emitting Diodes
351 CW Characteristics
352 Modulation Response
353 LED Structures
3 6 Transmitter Design
361 Source-Fiber Coupling
47
50
54
55
55
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58
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64
67
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68
71
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110
110
112
113
115
115
Contents
ix
362 Driving Circuitry 118
363 Reliability and Packaging 119
Problems 121
References 122
4 Optical Receivers
4 1 Basic Concepts
411 Responsivity and Quantum Efficiency
412 Rise Time and Bandwidth
4 2 Common Photodetectors
421 p-n Photodiodes
422 p-i-n Photodiodes
423 Avalanche Photodiodes
424 MSM Photodetectors
4 3 Receiver Design
431 Front End
432 Linear Channel
433 Decision Circuit
434 Integrated Receivers
4 4 Receiver Noise
441 Noise Mechanisms
442 p-i-n Receivers
443 APD Receivers
4 5 Coherent Detection
451 Local Oscillator
452 Homodyne Detection
453 Heterodyne Detection
454 Signal-to-Noise Ratio
4 6 Receiver Sensitivity
461 Bit-Error Rate
462 Minimum Received Power
463 Quantum Limit of Photodetection
4 7 Sensitivity Degradation
471 Extinction Ratio
472 Intensity Noise
473 Timing Jitter
4 8 Receiver Performance
Problems
References
128
128
128
130
131
132
133
137
143
144
144
145
147
148
151
151
153
154
158
158
159
160
160
161
162
164
166
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167
169
171
173
175
177
5 Lightwave Systems 182
5 1 System Architectures 182
511 Point-to-Point Links 182
512 Distribution Networks 184
513 Local-Area Networks 185
5 2 Design Guidelines 187
X
Contents
521 Loss-Limited Lightwave Systems 187
522 Dispersion-Limited Lightwave Systems 189
523 Power Budget 190
524 Rise-Time Budget 191
5 3 Long-Haul Systems 194
531 Performance-Limiting Factors 194
532 Terrestrial Lightwave Systems 196
533 Undersea Lightwave Systems 198
5 4 Sources of Power Penalty 200
541 Modal Noise 201
542 Mode-Partition Noise 202
543 Reflection Feedback and Noise 204
544 Dispersive Pulse Broadening 208
545 Frequency Chirping 209
546 Eye-Closure Penalty 210
5 5 Forward Error Correction 212
551 Error-Correcting Codes 212
552 Coding Gain 213
5 6 Computer-Aided Design 214
Problems 216
References 218
6 Multichannel Systems 223
6 1 WDM Lightwave Systems 223
611 High-Capacity Point-to-Point Links 224
612 Wide-Area and Metro-Area Networks 228
613 Multiple-Access WDM Networks 230
6 2 WDM Components 232
621 Tunable Optical Filters 233
622 Multiplexers and Demultiplexers 238
623 Add-Drop Multiplexers and Filters 242
624 Star Couplers 244
625 Wavelength Routers 246
626 WDM Transmitters and Receivers 248
6 3 System Performance Issues 251
631 Heterowavelength Linear Crosstalk 251
632 Homowavelength Linear Crosstalk 253
633 Nonlinear Raman Crosstalk 255
634 Stimulated Brillouin Scattering 257
635 Cross-Phase Modulation v 259
636 Four-Wave Mixing 261
637 Other Design Issues 262
6 4 Time-Division Multiplexing 264
641 Channel Multiplexing 264
642 Channel Demultiplexing 266
643 System Performance 268
Contents
xi
6 5 Subcarrier Multiplexing 269
651 Analog and Digital SCM Systems 270
652 Multiwavelength SCM Systems 273
653 Orthogonal Frequency-Division multiplexing 275
6 6 Code-Division Multiplexing 277
661 Time-Domain Encoding 278
662 Frequency-Domain Encoding 280
663 Frequency Hopping 281
Problems 283
References 285
7 Loss Management 295
7 1 Compensation of Fiber Losses 295
711 Periodic Amplification Scheme 296
712 Lumped Versus Distributed Amplification 298
713 Bidirectional Pumping Scheme 299
7 2 Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers 300
721 Pumping and Gain Spectrum 300
722 Two-Level Model 302
723 Amplifier Noise 305
724 Multichannel Amplification 307
7 3 Raman Amplifiers 310
731 Raman Gain and Bandwidth 310
732 Raman-Induced Signal Gain 312
733 Multiple-Pump Raman Amplification 313
734 Noise Figure of Raman Amplifiers 316
7 4 Optical Signal-To-Noise Ratio 318
741 Lumped Amplification 318
742 Distributed Amplification 319
7 5 Electrical Signal-To-Noise Ratio 321
751 ASE-Induced Current Fluctuations 321
752 Impact of ASE on SNR 322
753 Noise Buildup in an Amplifier Chain 323
7 6 Receiver Sensitivity and Q Factor 325
761 Bit-Error Rate 325
762 Relation between Q Factor and Optical SNR 327
7 7 Role of Dispersive and Nonlinear Effects 328
771 Noise Growth through Modulation Instability 328
772 Noise-Induced Signal Degradation 330
773 Noise-Induced Energy Fluctuations ’ 332
774 Noise-Induced Timing Jitter 333
7 8 Periodically Amplified Lightwave Systems 334
781 Numerical Approach 335
782 Optimum Launched Power 337
Problems 339
References 340
Contents
xii
8 Dispersion Management 345
8 1 Dispersion Problem and Its Solution 345
8 2 Dispersion-Compensating Fibers 347
821 Conditions for Dispersion Compensation 348
822 Dispersion Maps 349
823 DCF Designs 350
8 3 Fiber Bragg Gratings 354
831 Constant-Period Gratings 354
832 Chirped Fiber Gratings 356
833 Sampled Gratings 360
8 4 Dispersion-Equalizing Filters 363
841 Gires-Toumois Filters 363
842 Mach-Zehnder Filters 366
843 Other All-Pass Filters 367
8 5 Optical Phase Conjugation 369
851 Principle of Operation 369
852 Compensation of Self-Phase Modulation 370
853 Generation of Phase-Conjugated Signal 371
8 6 Channels at High Bit Rates 375
861 Tunable Dispersion Compensation 375
862 Higher-Order Dispersion Management 379
863 PMD Compensation 382
8 7 Electronic Dispersion Compensation 385
871 Basic Idea behind GVD Precompensation 385
872 Precompensation at the Transmitter 386
873 Dispersion Compensation at the Receiver 392
Problems 397
References 399
9 Control of Nonlinear Effects 407
9 1 Impact of Fiber Nonlinearity 407
911 System Design Issues 408
912 Semianalytic Approach 411
913 Soliton and Pseudo-linear Regimes 414
9 2 Solitons in Optical Fibers 416
921 Properties of Optical Solitons 416
922 Loss-Managed Solitons 419
9 3 Dispersion-Managed Solitons 423
931 Dispersion-Decreasing Fibers 423
932 Periodic Dispersion Maps 424
933 Design Issues 427
934 Timing Jitter 430
935 Control of Timing Jitter 432
9 4 Pseudo-linear Lightwave Systems 434
941 Origin of Intrachannel Nonlinear Effects 435
942 Intrachannel Cross-Phase Modulation 437
Contents
xiii
943 Intrachannel Four-Wave Mixing 441
9 5 Control of Intrachannel Nonlinear Effects 444
951 Optimization of Dispersion Maps 444
952 Phase-Alternation Techniques 448
953 Polarization Bit Interleaving 449
Problems 451
References 453
10 Advanced Lightwave Systems 459
10 1 Advanced Modulation Formats 460
10 1 1 Encoding of Optical Signals 460
10 1 2 Amplitude and Phase Modulators 462
10 2 Demodulation Schemes 464
10 2 1 Synchronous Heterodyne Demodulation 464
10 2 2 Asynchronous Heterodyne Demodulation 466
10 2 3 Optical Delay Demodulation 467
10 3 Shot Noise and Bit-Error Rate 470
10 3 1 Synchronous Heterodyne Receivers 470
10 3 2 Asynchronous Heterodyne Receivers 472
10 3 3 Receivers with Delay Demodulation 475
10 4 Sensitivity Degradation Mechanisms 476
10 4 1 Intensity Noise of Lasers 476
10 4 2 Phase Noise of Lasers 478
10 4 3 Signal Polarization Fluctuations 480
10 4 4 Noise Added by Optical Amplifiers 483
10 4 5 Fiber Dispersion 484
10 5 Impact of Nonlinear Effects 485
10 5 1 Nonlinear Phase Noise 486
10 5 2 Effect of Fiber Dispersion 489
10 5 3 Compensation of Nonlinear Phase Noise 490
10 6 Recent Progress 494
10 6 1 Systems with the DBPSK format 494
10 6 2 Systems with the DQPSK format 496
10 6 3 QAM and Related formats 497
10 6 4 Systems Employing Orthogonal FDM 499
10 7 Ultimate Channel Capacity 501
Problems 503
References 504
11 Optical Signal Processing 511
11 1 Nonlinear Techniques and Devices 511
11 1 1 Nonlinear Optical Loop Mirrors 512
11 1 2 Parametric Amplifiers 516
11 1 3 Nonlinear Effects in Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers 522
11 1 4 Bistable Optical Devices 526
11 2 All-Optical Flip-Flops 529
xiv Contents
11 2 1 Semiconductor Lasers and SOAs 529
11 2 2 Coupled Semiconductor Lasers and SOAs 531
11 3 Wavelength Converters 533
11 3 1 XPM-Based Wavelength Converters 533
11 3 2 FWM-Based Wavelength Converters 537
11 3 3 Passive Semiconductor Waveguides 540
11 3 4 SOA-Based Wavelength Converters 542
11 4 Ultrafast Optical Switching 544
11 4 1 Time-Domain Demultiplexing 545
11 4 2 Data-Format Conversion 549
11 4 3 Packet Switching 552
11 5 Optical Regenerators 553
11 5 1 Fiber-Based 2R Regenerators 553
11 5 2 SOA-Based 2R Regenerators 559
11 5 3 Fiber-Based 3R Regenerators 560
11 5 4 SOA-Based 3R Regenerators 562
11 5 5 Regeneration of Phase-Encoded Signals 565
Problems 568
References 569
A System of Units 578
B Acronyms 580
C General Formula for Pulse Broadening 584
D Software Package 587
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| id | DE-604.BV036740314 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T22:47:01Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780470505113 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2010023284 |
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| publishDate | 2010 |
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| publisher | Wiley |
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| series2 | Wiley series in microwave and optical engineering |
| spelling | Agrawal, Govind P. 1951- Verfasser (DE-588)133674525 aut Fiber-optic communication systems Govind P. Agrawal 4. ed. Hoboken Wiley 2010 XVII, 603 S. graph. Darst. 1 CD-ROM txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Wiley series in microwave and optical engineering Optische Nachrichtentechnik (DE-588)4035624-3 gnd rswk-swf Optische Nachrichtentechnik (DE-588)4035624-3 s DE-604 HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020657789&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Agrawal, Govind P. 1951- Fiber-optic communication systems Optische Nachrichtentechnik (DE-588)4035624-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4035624-3 |
| title | Fiber-optic communication systems |
| title_auth | Fiber-optic communication systems |
| title_exact_search | Fiber-optic communication systems |
| title_full | Fiber-optic communication systems Govind P. Agrawal |
| title_fullStr | Fiber-optic communication systems Govind P. Agrawal |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fiber-optic communication systems Govind P. Agrawal |
| title_short | Fiber-optic communication systems |
| title_sort | fiber optic communication systems |
| topic | Optische Nachrichtentechnik (DE-588)4035624-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Optische Nachrichtentechnik |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020657789&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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