Encyclopedia of polymer blends: 2 Processing
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| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Weinheim
Wiley-VCH
2011
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XVIII, 404 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9783527319305 |
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MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Encyclopedia of polymer blends |n 2 |p Processing |c ed. by Avraam I. Isayev |
| 264 | 1 | |a Weinheim |b Wiley-VCH |c 2011 | |
| 300 | |a XVIII, 404 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
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| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
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| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-020649667 | ||
Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804143385607405568 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Prefece
XIII
List of Contributors
XVII
Ί
Polymer Blend Compounding and Processing
1
James
L
White and
Sug
Hun Bumm
1.1
Introduction and Early Studies of Blending
1
1.2
Methods of Compounding
2
1.2.1
Batch Mixers
2
1.2.1.1
Introductory
2
1.2.1.2
Non-intermeshing Rotor Mixers
3
1.2.1.3
Intermeshing
Rotor Mixers
5
1.2.1.4
Post-World War II Development
7
1.2.2
Continuous Mixers
10
1.2.2.1
Early Activities
10
1.2.2.2
Single-Screw Extrusion
11
1.2.2.3
Co-rotating Twin-Screw Extrusion
11
1.2.2.4
Tangential Counter-Rotating Twin-Screw Extrusion
15
1.2.2.5
Modular Intermeshing Counter-Rotating Twin-Screw Mixer
16
1.2.2.6
Modular Buss Kokneter
16
1.2.3
Comparisons
Î6
1.3
Processing Polymer Blends
18
1.3.1
Early Synthetic Polymer Blends
18
1.3.2
General Ideas and Stability of Blend Phase Morphology
18
1.3.3
Phase Morphology Variations in Processing Operations
21
1.3.3.1
Melt Spinning
21
1.3.3.2
Die Extrusion
21
1.3.3.3
Injection Molding
22
References
23
2
Rheology of Polymer Blends
27
Leszek
A. Utracki
2.1
Introduction
27
2.1.1
Rheological Models for
Miscible
Blends
28
VI
Contents
2.1.1.1
Solutions
28
2.1.1.2
Homologous Polymer Blends
31
2.1.2
Model Systems for Immiscible Blends
31
2.1.2.1
Interphase
and Percolation
31
2.1.2.2
Suspensions
34
2.1.2.3
Emulsion Rheology
39
2.1.2.4
Melt Flow of Block Copolymers
45
2.2
Theoretical Treatment of Polymer Blends
45
2.3
Rheology of
Miscible
Blends
47
2.3.1
General
47
2.3.2
Phase Separation and Flow
52
2.3.2.1
Influence of Thermodynamics on Rheology
52
2.3.2.2
Influence of Rheology on Thermodynamics
54
2.4
Rheology of Immiscible Blends
57
2.4.1
Rheological Equations of State
57
2.4.2
Morphology of Immiscible Blends
60
2.4.3
Microrheology of Polymer Blends
61
2.4.3.1
Deformation and Breakup of Viscoelastic Drops
61
2.4.3.2
Coalescence of Viscoelastic Drops
63
2.4.4
Flow Imposed Morphology
65
2.4.5
Shear Flows
66
2.4.5.1
Concentration Dependence of Viscosity
66
2.4.5.2
Dynamic Flow
68
2.4.5.3
Steady-State versus Dynamic Viscosity
69
2.4.5.4
Blend Elasticity
70
2.4.6
Elongational Flows
72
2.5
Rheology of Blends with Nanoparticles
76
2.5.1
General
76
2.5.2
Rheology of Blends with Spherical SiO2 Particles
78
2.5.3
Rheology of Blends with Nanoparticles Near Binodal
80
2.5.4
Rheology of Immiscible Blends with Organoclay
81
2.6
Conclusions
83
References
89
3
Compounding and Processing of Plastic/Rubber Blends
109
Raman P.
Patel
and jinwoong Shin
3.1
Plastic/Rubber Blends
109
3.1.1
Introduction
109
3.1.2
Classification of Polymer Blends
110
3.1.3
Types of Plastic/Rubber Blends 111
3.2
Methods of Blend Preparation
112
3.3
Equipment for Blend Preparation by Melt Mixing
of Polymers
113
3.3.1
Batch Mixers
113
3.3.1.1
Roll Mill
113
Contents
VII
3.3.1.2 Banbury
or Kneader
Mixer 114
3.3.2
Continuous
Mixers 117
3.3.2.1 Twin-Screw Mixer 117
3.3.2.2
Buss Continuous
Kneader 123
3.4
Preparation of Physical Blends of Plastics and Rubbers
125
3.4.1
Laboratory Preparation of the Blends
125
3.4.2
Production of Blends by a Batch Process
127
3.4.3
Production of Blends by a Continuous Process
in a Twin-Screw Mixer
128
3.5
Crosslinking Agents and Crosslinking Processes
131
3.6
Preparation of the Blends of Plastics and Crosslinked Rubbers
137
3.6.1
Preparation of Plastic and Crosslinked Rubber Blends
(TPVs) by a Batch Process
140
3.6.1.1
Preparation of TPVs in a Brabender
140
3.6.1.2
Production of TPVs in a Banbury or Similar Batch
Processing Equipment
141
3.6.1.3
Production of TPVs by a Continuous Process
in a Twin-Screw Mixer
143
3.7
Blends of Plastics and Crosslinked Rubbers by Dynamic
Vulcanization
144
3.8
Compatibilization and Compatibilized Blends
146
3.8.1
Preparation of a Compatibilizer
148
3.8.2
Production of Compatibilized Blends
149
3.8.3
Compatibilized Blends
149
3.9
Processing of Plastic/Rubber Blends
151
3.9.1
General
151
3.9.2
Injection Molding
152
3.9.3
Extrusion
155
3.10
Conclusions and Outlook
158
References
160
4
Compounding and Processing of Rubber/Rubber Blends
163
Brendan Rodgers and
Adel
Halasa
4.1
Introduction
163
4.1.1
Fundamentals of Applied Polymer Chemistry
364
4.1.2
Multiple Tg Elastomer Compositions
169
4.2
Elastomers and Tire Compounding
170
4.2.1
Tire Component Parts
171
4.2.2
Tire Elastomers
172
4.3
Blending Elastomers
174
4.4
Solubility Parameters
178
4.4.1
Definition of Solubility Parameters
178
4.4.2
Estimation of Solubility Parameters
380
4.5
Processing of Elastomer Blends
181
4.5.1
General Remarks
182
VIII Contents
4.5.2
Natural Rubber/Bromobutyl Rubber Blends
183
4.5.3
Bromobutyl/Butyl Rubber Blends
186
4.5.4
Bromobutyl/Chlorobutyl Rubber Blends
186
4.5.5
Bromobutyl/
Styrene
Butadiene Rubber Blends
186
4.5.6
Bromobutyl/GPR/EPDM Rubber Triblends
187
4.5.7
Distribution of Compounding Ingredients: Insoluble
Chemicals
187
4.5.8
Distribution of Compounding Ingredients: Soluble
Chemicals
189
4.5.9
Effect of Blending on Compound Physical Properties
192
4.6
Secondary Polymer Blends Systems
193
4.6.1
Resins Systems
193
4.6.2
Tackifying Resins
194
4.6.3
Reinforcing Resins
194
4.6.4
Curing Resins
196
4.6.5
Polymeric Green Strength Promoters
198
4.7
Elastomer Blends and Tire Performance
199
4.8
Tire Tread Compound Formulary
201
4.9
Summary
203
References
204
5
Extrusion Technology for Manufacturing Polymer Blends
207
Кип
Sup Hyun,
Costas
С.
Gogos,
and Myung-Ho Kim
5.1
Introduction
207
5.1.1
Hierarchy of Equipment in Manufacturing Polymer Blends
210
5.1.2
Brief Historical Facts and Needs for Manufacturing
of Polymer Blends
212
5.2
Multiple-Screw Extruders
212
5.2.1
Twin-Screw Extrusion Technology
212
5.2.1.1
Coperion Werner
&
Pfleiderer ZSK MEGAcompounder
217
5.2.1.2
Effect of Do/A and Screw Speed on Average Shear Rate
217
5.2.1.3 Leistritz: HSEI
(High Speed Energy Input) Twin-Screw
Extruder
218
5.2.1.4
KraussMaffei Berstorff Twin-Screw Extrusion System
222
5.2.1.5
Japan Steel Works TEX Twin-Screw Extrusion Systems
223
5.2.1.6
High Efficiency Twin-Screw Extruder
226
5.2.1.7
Intelligent Extruder for Polymer Compounding
227
5.2.2
Single-Screw Extrusion Technology
229
5.2.2.1
High-Performance Screws
231
5.2.2.2
Secondary Mixing Processes and Devices
237
5.2.2.3
Helibar
Transfer Mixing Screw in Groove Barrel
240
5.2.2.4
Dynamic Mixers
241
5.3
Most Critical Step in the Production of Polymer
Blends
-
Melting/Mixing
243
5.3.1
Extrusion Process Simulator Version II
(ЕРЅШ
II)
243
Contents
IX
5.3.2 Twin-Screw
Melt Mixing
Evaluator
(TSMEE)
244
5.3.3
Melting of Virgin Polymers
245
5.3.3.1
Melting and Remelting
246
5.3.4
Classification and Discussion of Melting Mechanisms
Important to Polymers
247
5.3.5
Characterization of Mixing Elements
251
5.3.6
Melting of Solid Mixtures of Polymer Blend Components
253
5.3.6.1
Melting Behavior of Single Components and the Blend
254
5.4
Monitoring of Morphology and Compositions of Polymer
Blends
257
5.5
Future Development in Polymer Blends Compounding
257
5.5.1
Mass Customization
257
5.5.2
Single-, Twin-, or Multiple-Screw Extruders
259
References
259
6
Manufacturing of Polymer Blends Using Polymeric and
Low Molecular Weight Reactive Compatibilizers
263
Eung Kyu Kim and James
L
White
6.1
Introduction
263
6.2
Reactive Blending and Compatibilization
264
6.3
Mixing Mechanism and Morphology Development
265
6.3.1
Distributive Mixing
266
6.3.2
Dispersive Mixing
270
6.3.2.1
Interfacial
Tension
270
6.3.2.2
Shear Viscosity of Polymer Blends
272
6.3.3
Morphology Development
273
6.3.3.1
Initial Breakup of Polymer Melt Phases
273
6.3.3.2
Breakup of Liquid Filaments in a Liquid Matrix
275
6.3.3.3
Deformation of Droplets
276
6.3.3.4
Observations on Mechanically Mixed Polymer Blends
280
6.3.3.5
Coalescence
281
6.4
Intermeshing Co-rotating Twin-Screw Extruder
282
6.4.1
Geometry and Flow Mechanisms
282
6.4.1.1
Right-Handed Screw Elements
285
6.4.1.2
Left-Handed Screw Elements
288
6.4.1.3
Kneading Disc Blocks
288
6.4.1.4
Special Distributive Mixing Elements
290
6.4.2
Residence Time Distributions
292
6.4.3
Morphology Development for Reactive Blends
295
6.4.4
Process Simulation of Intermeshing Co-rotating
Twin-Screw Extruders
297
6.5
Manufacturing Process Design for Polymer
Blending Process
300
6.6
Concluding Remarks
305
References
309
X
Contents
7 Polymer
Blend Compatibilization by Copolymers
and Functional Polymers
315
Jose
A. Covas, Luiz
Antonio Pessan, Ana V.
Machado,
and Nelson M.
tarocca
7.1
Introduction
315
7.1.1
Polymer Blends and the Need for Compatibilization
315
7.1.2
Compatibilization Routes
316
7.1.3
Reactive Extrusion/Processing
317
7.2
Compatibilization by Copolymers
317
7.3
In Situ Compatibilization or Reactive Blending
320
7.3.1
Kinetics of Melt Coupling Reactions at Interfaces
321
7.3.2
Effect of
Interfacial
Reactions on the Interface Morphology
323
7.
ІЗ
Effect of the
Interfacial
Copolymer Structure
324
7.3.4
Effect of the Reactive Precursor Molecular Weight
325
7.3.5
Effect of the Flow
326
7.3.6
Role of the Reaction Rate on the Dispersed Phase
Morphology
328
7.3.7
Examples of Applications of Reactive Blending in Polyesters
and
Polyamides
Blends
332
7.3.7.1
Polybutadiene Terephthalate Blends
332
7.3.7.2
Polyamide-6 Blends
336
7.4
Application to Manufacturing of Polymer Blends
337
7.4.1
Equipment
337
7.4.1.1
Introduction
337
7.4.1.2
Main Operational Features of Co-rotating Twin-Screw
Extruders
340
7.4.2
Evolution Along the Extruder
343
7.4.3
Modeling and Optimization
345
7.5
Conclusions
350
References
351
8
Chemical and Engineering Aspects of Morphology Development
and Processing of Multiphase Polymer Blend Nanocomposites
357
/.
Sedat
Cunes
and Sadhan
С
Jana
8.1
Introduction: The Promise and Challenge of Polymer Blending
357
8.2
Inorganic Particles in Small Molecule Liquid Emulsion:
A Model System for Filled Polymer Blends?
358
8.3
Chemical Aspects of Morphology Development and Processing
of Multiphase Polymer Blend Nanocomposites
360
8.3.1
Conventional Fillers in Polymer Blends
360
8.3.2
Nanoffllers in Polymer Blends
364
8.4
Engineering Aspects of Morphology Development
and Processing of Multiphase Polymer Blend Nanocomposites
369
8.4.1
Miscibility, Homogeneity, and Interfaces of Polymer Blends
369
8.4.2
Definition of Mixing and Intermaterial Area Generation
370
Contents
XI
8.4.3
Mixing Flow and Kinematics of Mixing
372
8.4.3.1
Intermaterial Area Generation in
Miscible
Fluids
374
8.4.3.2
Relevance of Intermaterial Area Generation to Dispersive
Mixing
381
8.4.4
Demixíng
of Filler Particles and Droplets Induced by Non-uniform
Shear Flows Encountered During Usual Processing Operations
381
8.5
Conclusions
382
References
385
Index
395
|
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| id | DE-604.BV036732019 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T22:46:49Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9783527319305 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-020649667 |
| oclc_num | 767750497 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-11 DE-83 DE-703 DE-634 DE-384 |
| owner_facet | DE-11 DE-83 DE-703 DE-634 DE-384 |
| physical | XVIII, 404 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2011 |
| publishDateSearch | 2011 |
| publishDateSort | 2011 |
| publisher | Wiley-VCH |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Encyclopedia of polymer blends 2 Processing ed. by Avraam I. Isayev Weinheim Wiley-VCH 2011 XVIII, 404 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Verarbeitung (DE-588)4537851-4 gnd rswk-swf Polymergemisch (DE-588)4175243-0 gnd rswk-swf Polymergemisch (DE-588)4175243-0 s Verarbeitung (DE-588)4537851-4 s DE-604 Isayev, Avraam I. 1942- (DE-588)112425798 edt (DE-604)BV036731998 2 Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020649667&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Encyclopedia of polymer blends Verarbeitung (DE-588)4537851-4 gnd Polymergemisch (DE-588)4175243-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4537851-4 (DE-588)4175243-0 |
| title | Encyclopedia of polymer blends |
| title_auth | Encyclopedia of polymer blends |
| title_exact_search | Encyclopedia of polymer blends |
| title_full | Encyclopedia of polymer blends 2 Processing ed. by Avraam I. Isayev |
| title_fullStr | Encyclopedia of polymer blends 2 Processing ed. by Avraam I. Isayev |
| title_full_unstemmed | Encyclopedia of polymer blends 2 Processing ed. by Avraam I. Isayev |
| title_short | Encyclopedia of polymer blends |
| title_sort | encyclopedia of polymer blends processing |
| topic | Verarbeitung (DE-588)4537851-4 gnd Polymergemisch (DE-588)4175243-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Verarbeitung Polymergemisch |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020649667&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV036731998 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT isayevavraami encyclopediaofpolymerblends2 |