Transporty nádeje:
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | Slovak |
| Published: |
Bratislava
Marenčin PT
2010
|
| Edition: | 1. vyd. |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Item Description: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache |
| Physical Description: | 229 S., [28] Bl. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 9788081140341 |
Staff View
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Record in the Search Index
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Summary
Anton
Baláž
had already depicted the Slovak Jewish community s destiny
following World War Two in his novel The Country of Oblivion
(Krajina
zabudnutia).
It is a dramatic story of two young Jewish women who, after
having survived Auschwitz, return home and struggle with post-Holocaust
trauma. The documentary story Trains of Hope
(Transporty nádeje)
focuses
on emigration of Slovak Jews following the establishment of the State of Israel.
The book is based on the author s years-long archival research and direct
motivation for writing this novel was triggered by a document from
Nováky,
the forced labour camp, depicting racially motivated inspections of detained
Hungarian Jews who were on their escape beyond the Iron curtain. It is this
episode that the storyline is based on and in its ten chapters, it approximates
the destiny of emigration trains, which brought emigrants from Slovakia to
Israel where they embarked on a new life in a new homeland.
Opening chapter of the book titled Those Who Survived
(Tí, ktorí prežili)
depicts the lives of displaced persons
-
former Jewish prisoners of Nazi
concentration camps and escapees from a pogrom in the Polish town of
Kielce
who, owing to the assistance by the American Joint and support of
Slovak authorities, passed through Bratislava in order to reach the Rothschild
hospital refugee camp in Vienna, where they remained until their emigration
to Palestine. Also the destiny of Slovak Jews who began to return from the
German concentration camps and search for a place within the post-war society
is described in the chapter Return to Post-War Life after the Holocaust
(Návrat
do
povojnového života po
holokauste).
Based on archival material, the book
depicts the very slow disengagement of Slovak society from anti-Semitism,
even after racial laws had been abolished and consequences of the Holocaust
220
(more than sixty thousand Slovak Jews perished during this era) had been
revealed. A demonstration of this very slow transformation were extensive
anti-Jewish disorders
-
as the period propaganda labelled these assaults on
Jewish communities
-
which took place in
Topoľčany
and later on in Bratislava.
In addition, the cited recollections of literary writers Leo
Kohút
(survived
Sachsenhausen)
and
Hela Volanská
(survived hiding in the mountains as
a Communist political head of a partisan brigade and was later denied from
receiving a high decoration in public, due to the fact that she was Jewish) attest
of the disillusion, which accompanied their return. During this period of return
and on the gloomy background of war , new forces started to form within the
Jewish community aiming to find solutions to actual problems including issues
such as renewal of religious life, return of Aryanized and confiscated property
and, at the same time, resurrection and continuation of Zionist organizations
activities, which had been forbidden by the wartime Slovak State. The most
active one of them was the youth organization Hashomer Hatzair (The
Young Watchman). Part of its members perished during the war and partisan
battles (Chairman of the movement E. Roth, parachutist Chaviva Reich) and
those who survived began to build homes for orphaned children, organize
summer camps and, above all, began preparing for immigrating to Palestine.
The chapter We Already Started Living a Full Life Somewhere Else
(Žili sme
už naplno inde)
describes this period in more detail and it also informs the
reader about the destiny of Slovak Ha shomernicks Jehuda Lahav and Paul
Frommer.
A separate chapter in this section of the book is devoted to the three
Lazar
brothers: Bumi,
Eugen
and Leo. Bumi and
Eugen
survived the war in
Bratislava under false identities. Towards the war s end, however, they found
themselves in German concentration camps. Leo left for Palestine in
1939
where he later joined Jewish brigades and after the war had come to an end, he
returned to Slovakia wearing a British army uniform. When back in Bratislava,
the brothers reassumed their pre-war musical career and established a vocal
trio The
Lazar
Brothers. They performed in synagogues, Jewish communities
as well as in the prestigious
Reduta
music hall and thus became a part of the
Slovak post-war music world. In February
1948,
the course of their art career
was interrupted by the advent of the Communist regime, which compelled the
brothers to flee to Paris.
221
Following the establishment of the State of Israel, Czech and Slovak
Jews were faced with a new opportunity of legally immigrating to the new
state. On the basis of the Israeli government s request of November
15,
1948,
the Czechoslovak government affirmed the emigration of
20 000
Jews to Israel. In chapters At the Palestinian Office and at the Ministry of
Interior
(Na Palestínskom úrade a na Povereníctve vnútra)
and Trains to
Israel
(Transporty
do
Izraela)
the author describes the course of this mass
emigration operation (aliyah). He retraces activities of the Jewish Agency for
Palestine, which was known in Slovakia as The Palestinian Office and resided
in Bratislava. Between February and October
1949,
when mass aliyah was
taking place, the Office was composed of twenty employees who administered
emigration passports, necessary transit visa mainly through Russia and Italy
and entry visa to the State of Israel. At the same time they handled train sets,
which would take the emigrants via Austria to Italy and from there by boats
to Haifa. The book depicts activities of the Office s Chief, Dr.
Kalina,
several
members of Hashomer Hatzair who facilitated the aliyah of Zionist youth,
and gives exceptional focus to the story of Robert
Kardos
-
the only former
employee of the Palestinian Office still alive. A decisive role in this process of
emigration on behalf of the Slovak state authorities was played by the Ministry
of Interior
{Povereníctvo vnútra).
Based on preserved documents, the author
describes operations of the Ministry s Passport Department and State Security
Department, which was in charge of the departing emigration trains. The
Minister of Interior, Daniel
Okáli,
played a distinctive role in the emigration
operation. Thus, also on the basis of his personal relation with
Okáli,
the author
introduces him in the chapter Daniel
Okáli:
Textbook Marxist and Respectful
Communist {Daniel
Okáli: učebnicový marxista a zdvorilý komunista).
An additional and dramatic chapter depicting this emigration operation
concerns Hungarian Jews. Following the emigration ban from Hungary, they
illegally arrived in Slovakia hoping that with assistance of the Palestinian Office
and Slovak authorities, they would be able to enter the American-controlled
occupation zone in Austria and from there immigrate to Israel. The destiny of
several thousand Hungarian refugees is covered in chapters The Hungarian
Escape
(Maďarská
břicha)
and its dual historical perspective in In
László
Rajk s Deadly Shadow
(V Rajkovom smrtiacom
tieni). In
addition, based on
222
______________________________________________________
Summary
never-before-published documents the author depicts Czechoslovak authorities
attitude towards the Hungarian escape. It reveals a meeting between Minister
Daniel
Okáli,
Minister of Foreign Affairs Vladimir dementis, and Deputy Prime
Minister
Viliam Široký,
where they discussed the possibility of transporting
Hungarian refugees to Austria. This operation would be carried out under the
control of the State Security Department and with the consent of the Israeli
Embassy. Prior to them reaching this decision, the refugees were imprisoned
by Slovak police authorities and a part of them was incarcerated in the Labour
Camp of
Nováky,
which had served as a detention and labour camp for Slovak
Jews during the wartime Slovak State. As the author describes in chapters
Those Mentioned
-
of the Israelite Type
(Menovaní sú
typu izraelitského)
and December
1949,
the Forced Labor Camp of
Nováky
(December
1949,
novácky Tábor nútenej práce),
here the incarcerated Hungarian Jews were yet
again subjected to racial discrimination and practices.
In mid
1950,
last emigrants are departing from Slovakia and the attitude of
the Czechoslovak authorities in respect to this mass emigration operation to
Israel is beginning to rapidly change. Thus, employees of the Palestinian Office
as well as its Chief
Kalina
are allowed to leave Czechoslovakia only under the
condition of renouncing their Czechoslovak citizenship. In the chapter In the
Trap of Communism
(V pasci komunizmu),
the author depicts destinies of
those employees of the Office who remained in Slovakia and were convicted
for long-term prison sentences during the fabricated trials against Zionists and
agents of imperialism . Similarly, also employees of the Ministry of Interior who
took part in organizing emigration to Israel were subjected to harsh reprisals
for their role. They were labelled as Slovak-Jewish Bourgeois Nationalists by
authorities of the State Security and had to face long-term prison sentences.
Minister Daniel
Okáli
also found himself trapped in these political trials and
having been labelled as a Bourgeois Nationalist , he received a sentence of
18
years in prison.
The final chapter of the book named In a New Homeland
(V novej vlasti)
depicts the destiny of several characters of this story following their emigration
to Israel. A large group of Slovak Ha shomernicks settled in the kibbutz Kfar
Masaryk.
The author describes their destiny via recollections of Paul
Frommer.
In the concluding chapter, the author pays close attention to the fate of Leopold
223
Lahola,
an author, playwright, and a film screen-writer, who also immigrated to
Israel in May
1950.
Israel, however, had not become Lahola s new homeland.
Since the beginning, he had faced existential problems and despite the fact
that he gradually established himself as a film director, he had not managed
to adapt to the reality of Israel in its first years of existence. Thus, following
the collapse of his marriage in
1956
he left Israel and returned to Europe.
Following their emigration and stay in Paris, Bumi
Lazar
with his brothers
Eugen
and Leo chose Tel Aviv as their new home and had put their musical
ambitions to test at the popular
Li La Lo
Cabaret. Subsequently, Bumi
Lazar
went on to pursue his original career of a professional tailor. As a prominent
member of the Hitachdut Yotzei Czechoslovakia (Association of Czechoslovak
Immigrants to Israel) he did his utmost for Tonka
Vlková,
his brother Eugen s
spouse, who had managed to hide and save hundreds of persecuted Jews from
deportations in her tailor saloon, as well as the equally well-known medical
doctor and Jew-rescuer from Bratislava, Prof.
Karel Koch,
to receive the
Righteous Among the Nations award from Yad Vashem Memorial and plant
their trees in the Avenue of the Righteous. Dr.
Kalina
settled in a small town
not far from Haifa. Nevertheless, he often visited his wife s brother, Simon
Golan, in Jerusalem where his daughter,
Tamara
Rodan,
lives until today. For
many years she has worked for the Jewish National Fund and her husband,
Martin
Rodan,
a post-August immigrant to Israel, is an associate professor at
the Department of French Language at Hebrew University, long-term Honorary
Consul of the Slovak Republic in Jerusalem and a prominent member of the
Slovak community living in Israel.
The book s epilogue called Only to Stay With You Longer
(Ešte tu chvíľu
s vami pobudnúť)
observes
visits and homecomings of emigres to Slovakia
following the downfall of Communism and asserts that, their stories of success
as well as destinies of thousands of other Slovak emigres to Israel during the
time of mass aliyah, justify a book, which depicts emigration trains of Slovak Jews
departing from the Central Station in Bratislava in
1949,
to bare the name Trains
of Hope
(Transporty nádeje).
I wrote this book with the full consciousness, that
Slovakia had also been the departure point of rather different trains
-
inhumanly
overcrowded cattle wagons, which gave no hope for a new life. They, however,
also constitute a part of our history and national memory.
224
Obsah
Príbeh medzi dvoma vetami
...................................... 7
I. TÍ, KTORÍ PREŽILI
................................................. 10
Prežif Terezin
.................................................. 10
Displaced persons
a prvá vlna utečencov
........................ 13
Židovskí utečenci pred bránami Bratislavy
...................... 19
Rothschild-Spital............................................... 21
II.
NÁVRAT DO POVOJNOVÉHO ŽIVOTA PO
HOLOKAUSTE
......... 24
Návrat na „tmavom pozadí
..................................... 24
„
V otázke židovskej...
.......................................... 27
Veľké Topoľčany a major Vinogradov
........................... 31
Bradatí Šalamúni a „ľudia cudzej mentality
ministra Václava
Kopeckého
.................................... 37
Výtržnosti na partizánskom zjazde
a ich spravodajské manipulácie
................................. 40
Afa
záver niečo o kaptatívnych a sugestívnych otázkach
vyšetrovania a malé svedectvo Paula
Frommera
.................44
III.
TIENE MINULOSTI A SVETLÁ BUDÚCNOSTI
....................48
Ortodoxní a kongresoví slovenskí Židia
.........................48
„Žili sme už naplno inde...
..................................... 53
Bratia Lazarová
................................................58
IV.
NA PALESTÍNSKOM ÚRADE A NA POVERENÍCTVE VNÚTRA
.... 65
S podporou Jointu
.............................................. 67
Šaliachovia: poslovia či agenti?
................................. 68
Prví povereníci: právnik
Viktory
a generál Ferjenčík
............ 71
Daniel Okáli: učebnicový marxista a zdvorilý komunista
......... 74
Z podnetu ŠtB a Viliama Širokého
.............................. 75
V. TRANSPORTY DO IZRAELA
...................................... 81
Rokovania
Überall -
dementis..................................
83
Prvá
bola alija
dobrovoľníkov
................................... 85
Superkontroly: desať amerických dolárov
a
18
elektrických ventilátorov
................................... 88
Pasové a transportné oddelenie Palestínskeho úradu
............92
Ако
odchudzali
slovenskí šoméri.
................................ 97
...
aj šomérsky a životný príbeh
Roberta
Bornsteina
............ 102
Pasové oddelenie Povereníctva vnútra
.......................... 109
Iné transporty a transport ako krutý fenomén
20.
storočia
...... 113
VI.
MAĎARSKÁ
BŘICHA
A JEJ DVOJITÁ HISTORICKÁ OPTIKA
..... 118
Nielen Maďarsko
................................................ 119
V rámci (nie takého svätého) trojuholníka
...................... 121
Transporty každého dňa v marci
1949......................... 123
„Chcú do Izraela!
............................................. 126
„Sadnú si na kameň a vyčkávajú...
píše Okáli do Prahy
........ 128
Břicha
aj s príchuťou dobrodružstva
........................... 131
VII.
V RAJKOVOM SMRTIACOM TIENI
.............................. 137
Ivan
Horváth
-
posol zlých správ z Budapešti
.................. 138
Palestínsky úrad potvrdzuje
..................................... 141
„Menovanísú typu
izraelitského
.............................. 144
December
1949,
novácky Tábor nútenej práce
.................. 149
VIII.
V PASCI KOMUNIZMU
........................................ 157
Poslední vysťahovalci: odsunutí a vyhostení
.................... 158
Prednosta Katz
-
Kalina
...................................... 162
Obkľúčení Štátnou bezpečnosťou
............................... 165
Proces so slovenskými židovskými buržoáznymi nacionalistami
168
Procesy s pracovníkmi Palestínskeho úradu v Bratislave
........ 171
Vo Valdiciach a na slobode
..................................... 178
IX.
V NOVEJ VLASTI
............................................... 181
Kfar Masaryk
-
v čase veľkej
alije a
dnes
....................... 182
Vysťahovalec Leopold Lahola
.................................. 190
Tel
Aviv a
kabaret
Li La Lo
....................................201
Jerušalajim, Jerušalajim
.........................................204
Jad Vašem
a stromy spravodlivých
.............................208
X. EPILÓG alebo Ešte tu chvíľu s vami pobudnúť
....................213
Summary
..........................................................220
Slovníček
alije
......................................................225
Literatúra
..........................................................229
Pramene
...........................................................229
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Baláž, Anton 1943- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)103291245 |
| author_facet | Baláž, Anton 1943- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Baláž, Anton 1943- |
| author_variant | a b ab |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV036699566 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)705877414 (DE-599)BVBBV036699566 |
| edition | 1. vyd. |
| era | Geschichte 1945-1950 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1945-1950 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Israel (DE-588)4027808-6 gnd Slowakei (DE-588)4055297-4 gnd Palästina (DE-588)4044381-4 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Israel Slowakei Palästina |
| id | DE-604.BV036699566 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T22:46:05Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788081140341 |
| language | Slovak |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-020618031 |
| oclc_num | 705877414 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 229 S., [28] Bl. Ill. |
| publishDate | 2010 |
| publishDateSearch | 2010 |
| publishDateSort | 2010 |
| publisher | Marenčin PT |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Baláž, Anton 1943- Verfasser (DE-588)103291245 aut Transporty nádeje Anton Baláž 1. vyd. Bratislava Marenčin PT 2010 229 S., [28] Bl. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zsfassung in engl. Sprache Geschichte 1945-1950 gnd rswk-swf Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 gnd rswk-swf Auswanderung (DE-588)4003920-1 gnd rswk-swf Israel (DE-588)4027808-6 gnd rswk-swf Slowakei (DE-588)4055297-4 gnd rswk-swf Palästina (DE-588)4044381-4 gnd rswk-swf Slowakei (DE-588)4055297-4 g Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 s Auswanderung (DE-588)4003920-1 s Palästina (DE-588)4044381-4 g Israel (DE-588)4027808-6 g Geschichte 1945-1950 z DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020618031&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020618031&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Baláž, Anton 1943- Transporty nádeje Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 gnd Auswanderung (DE-588)4003920-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4028808-0 (DE-588)4003920-1 (DE-588)4027808-6 (DE-588)4055297-4 (DE-588)4044381-4 |
| title | Transporty nádeje |
| title_auth | Transporty nádeje |
| title_exact_search | Transporty nádeje |
| title_full | Transporty nádeje Anton Baláž |
| title_fullStr | Transporty nádeje Anton Baláž |
| title_full_unstemmed | Transporty nádeje Anton Baláž |
| title_short | Transporty nádeje |
| title_sort | transporty nadeje |
| topic | Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 gnd Auswanderung (DE-588)4003920-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Juden Auswanderung Israel Slowakei Palästina |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020618031&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020618031&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT balazanton transportynadeje |