Przestrzenna organizacja rozwoju regionalnego:
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | Polish |
| Published: |
Warszawa
Państ. Wyd. Ekonomiczne
1987
|
| Series: | Studia / Polska Akademia Nauk, Komitet Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania Kraju
93 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Item Description: | Zsfassung in engl. u. russ. Sprache u.d.T.: Spatial organization of regional development |
| Physical Description: | 158 S. graph. Darst., Kt. 1 Beil. |
| ISBN: | 8320805740 |
Staff View
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804143336913633280 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | SPIS TREŚCI
Od
Autora
..............·.....
.(
.. 5
1.
Przestrzenna samoorganizacja gospodarki i planowanie rozwoju regional¬
nego
.....
v
. . . . . . . . ·.......7
2.
Nieciągłe i ciągłe procesy rozwoju przestrzennej organizacji
. . . . 13
2.1.
Procesy nieciągłe. Model przejścia
............ 13
, 2.2.
Procesy ciągłe. Problem stabilności komplikujących się systemów
. . 19
2.2.1.
Symulacyjny model przestrzennej organizacji
.
л
· · · · 20
2.2.2.
Stabilność przestrzennej organizacji systemów o rosnącej» zło-
■
żoności
........,.-.. .
;
. .
í
. 31
2.2.3.
Modyfikacja twierdzenia o współzależności sieci miast i sieci,
przepływów
...... . ■■ ...,. . . . . .35
3.
Metody badania przestrzennej samoorganizacji
. . . . . . . . 39
3.1.
Metoda bifurkacji
. ...... , . . . . . . . • . . 39
/
3.2.
Teoria katastrof
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
3.3.
Łańcuch Markowa
. . . . ..... : . . . - . . . . 41
3.4.
Przemiany faeowe
. .1 ............. 42
3.5;
Dyfuzja
................... 43
3.6r Termodynamika ekosystemów
. . . . . . . .
¿
. . 44
3.7.
Model kumulatywnej przyczynowości
....... ... 45
3.8.
Łączna optymalizacja wielowymiarowego systemu
. . . . . . 47
3.9.
Układ hierarchiczny
. . . . . . . . . . . . . <■ ,. 48
4.
Wielożmienne badania
empirýczhe.
Województwo poznańskie
. . ..50
4.1.
Zmienność i przestrzenna organizacja rozwoju
. . . . . . ■ . , 50
4.1.1.
Relacje przestrzenne
...... . . , . ·«-.-,· · 50
4.1.2.
Przestrzenne zróżnicowanie poziomu zagospodarowania
. . . 55
4.1.3*.
Dynamika
. . ,,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
4.1.4.,
Przestrzenna organizacja
. . . . . . . . . ., . . . 72
4.2.
Cele gospodarowania w przestrzeni
■. . . . . .
ч
. . . . . 81
4.3.
Zásoby
i ograniczenia
. . . .
,
.. -. ■; ; .
ϊ
.
,
. ./
Ί9Ϊ
4.4.
Problemy
í
rozwiązania -.
. . . .. «
t.
. ■ . ■·■·· ■ ■..
/V.
.·:··
ч-^ Л
■■ ΐΊΜΓ ·.
5-,
Schemat i koncepcje metodyczne planu rozwoju województwa
. ». .
KttŞ
6.
Optymalizacyjny model przestrzennej organizacji regionu
. . .
Ą
* . . = ;
ІІЗ
Й<Ц.
Model optymalizacyjny
·.;■·.*
;
. . .. ·. .,.>.,;. ,-
;;.>
,,_ ; -.* ,■ -. ,-·>-
^
ţ-J
;
v- »..-
-■ ƒ
U-.--
;^Иѓ*-.
6.2.
Rezultaty optymalizacji
.. . .. ....■.
,^..
,..- -. ·
.-j -V·...
»
.^■d-wk^JCiŽK dWk
■fa,
■JĘierąrehlCaEna, organizacja
■
systemu
г..гедіопа1пві<|:;
.-,;
ψ}0^Φ
..
iü:;»^-
Щ^-ЩгШ^г
Ш
7.2.
Poziom miejski
................ 139
7.3.
Poziom infrastruktury komunalnej
...........
14Ź
Bibliografia
................... 149
Содержание
................... 151
Summary....................
156
Ryszard Domański
SPATIAL ORGANIZATION OF REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT
SUMMARY
The work is a theoretical reconstruction of spatial organization of regional systems. It is based on
a concept of spatial self-organization. In the normative part of the work this concept is combined
with optimization models, representing the postulates of spatial development.
The point of departure for the concept of spatial self-organization are the following three
hypotheses
:
1.
Spatial self-organization results from the way of functioning and development of the
economy in conditions of non-linear interaction as well as diversity between sectors and regions.
These specific conditions cause flows of goods, people and information indispensable for construc¬
ting and maintaining functional and spatial order, which we identify with self-organization.
2.
Transformation of spatial organization or otherwise spatial re-organization takes place due
to significant changes in economic and spatial relations under the influence of very strong impulses.
3.
Spatial organization and its transformations reveal tendecies to become more complicated,
though tendencies to simplify organization occur parallelly.
This concept matches the situation created by independence of enterprises as well as expansion
of competences of local governments, the strategic role of central planning being retained.
The way, in which complex systems pass from one structure to another is as follows. During
the period of stability the system may undergo sudden perturbation. Its response to perturbations
are stepped-up fluctuations. Having gone beyond a certain gradient, fluctuations become amplified
and cause the emergence of macroscopic movements, which, in turn, lead to a new order,
a new structure, which is maintained through exchange of energy and matter with the environment.
If
f
luctuaítions
fail to reach the marginal value of the gradient they become attenuated and decay.
Subsequent perturbations and fluctuations lead to ever more complicated structures.
The phenomena resulting from self-organization processes have to be carefully watched and
controlled, and in case they evolve in directions contrary to social goals
—
corrected. The last task
is a duty of local and regional, and first of all national spatial planning. Recognition of the self-or¬
ganization principle by no means lessens its coordinating role, increased independence of enterprises
and expanded competences of people s councils and local administration does not lessen the role of
the centre. The theory of systems proves that the more active the elements (enterprises, commu¬
nes, towns, voivodships) are, the more efficient the integrating systems must be.
The construction of the dynamic model of spatial organization of a region is based on the concept
of spatial self-organization. The model, tested by a computer, makes it possible not only to recon¬
struct the processes of regional system s development, but also to carry out experiments aimed at ~
learning the essential features of this system. In particular, the model was used in studying changes
in stability of spatial organization when the system becomes more complex. An observation
was made then, which makes it possible to modify an important theorem of spatial sciences.
Studies of stability are of importance for steering the development of the system. The more
unstable is the system, the bigger must be the scope of intervention of the steering system. Growing
complexity of spatial organization may affect its stability depending on the manner of its becoming
complicated. Five variants of spatial organization with different complexity were studied and compa¬
red with the system of reference. It turned out that concentrated growth, increasingly centralized
character of spatial organization, growing cohesion and restructuring of hierarchical order make
/ -
156
the system less stable, whereas polycentric growth and migrations favour its stability. Other
factori
affecting stability include: differences in susceptibility to the effects of agglomeration, differences in
spatial mobility and delays in adjustment processes.
The most significant observation was made accidentally. It concerns the difference between
stability of the sub-system of towns and the sub-system of flows in the development process. Diffe¬
rences in these trends are manifested by:
1)
declining standard deviations of city sizes,
2)
growing
number of per capita flows. Considering the above we might state that the subTsystem of towns is
more stable than the sub-system of flows.
Though small the differences proved inspiring. Revealing them enabled us to modity a theorem,
recognized in spatial sciences, according to which the sub-system of towns and the sub-system of
flows are strongly interdependent. The theorem has solid grounds, but it fails to take into account
all factors. Our reasoning is as follows. Even small differences in the stability of the sub-system of
towns and the sub-system of flows create a gap in their interdependence. This gap widens because of
cumulative feed-backs. As a result, over a longer period of time, especially at
advenced
stages of the
development process, interdependence may not strengthen but on the contrary
—
weaken. Such
a modification of the basic theorem concerning spatial organization has many logical arguments of
a cause-and-effect character. They are based i.a. on variable relations between the intensity of cumula¬
tive compensating feedbacks as well as different susceptibility of the two sub-systems to the effects
of agglomeration. Direction of development may change due to emergence of great innovations.
Special influence would be exerted by innovations changing relations between the effects of agglo¬
meration and transport costs.
.
Study of the mechanism of spatial organization of the regional system made it possible to start
work on optimization of this system. Working out and testing optimization model of spatial organi¬
zation is among the most important results of the work.
We understand spatial organization as three combined and interdependent sub-systems: towns,
transport and agricultural areas. In geometrical terms spatial organization is a structure made up of
sets of points, lines and surfaces.
A characteristic feature of the presented model is that it optimizes all the three sub-systems toge¬
ther and simultaneously. So far, economic geographers and regional economists usually dealt with
optimization of individual sub-systems, assuming that the remaining sub-systems are given and defi¬
ned. Very few attempts were made to construct models combining the problems of optimum choice
of places of residence and means of transport. This work refers to the latter approach.
Separate optimization of individual su-systems does not take into account re-distribution effects,
emerging in the process of interaction. As a matter of fact this is sub-optimization. Only combined
and simultaneous optimization of all sub-systems ensures global optimization of spatial organiza¬
tion.
Optimization of multiple objectives would probably be the best method of solving our
problem. Since, however, we want the solution to have an operative form a simpler solution is
being applied for the time being. Namely, we
valúate
the objectives of individual sub-systerms and
combine them in one objective function. In order to make this possible we use appropriate
notions. The notion
óf
utility of places (for people, industry and agriculture) and the notion of
access to other places seem to be most appropriate. It may be reasonably assumed that spatial orga¬
nization is best when it optimizes utility of a given place and its access to the rest of the spatial
system. Having in mind calculation reasons we use other though similar notions, i.e. the notion of
bid rent and the notion of transport costs. Bid rent stands for utility of places, while trans¬
port costs are a reverse ,of access. Objective function expressed in these terms requires that the
optimum spatial organization maximized the difference between bid rents and transport costs.
With such a form of the objective function possible is a situation in which operation of any
sub-system may prove unprofitable owing to differences in bid rents. Since, the function asau-
mes hand and fast play of economic forces, such a sub-system would be eliminated. This tendency of
the objective function may be? however, kept within reasonable limits by imposing appropriate
constraints. We assume e.g. the conditions that employment in towns cannot drop below a certain mi¬
nimum, industrial growth is limited, productivity of agriculture is limited both from below and from
157
above (bottom limit prevents elimination of sub-regions with small productivity, upper limit
—
deter¬
mines natural barriers of growth). These constraints secure elementary interests of sub-systems,
though we leave a certain margin for spatial shifts of economic activity. Within this limits we
allow for hand and fast play of economic forces in order to improve effectiveness.
This model was tested with various assumptions concerning spatial preferences of the popula¬
tion, industrial etnerprises and farms, expressed in their bid rents. After experiments two sets
of assumptions were finally adopted. The first one assumes that the spatial system is dominated by
concentration processes, the other
—
moderate concentration.
As a result of applying optimization procedure data of two types were obtained
:
1.
State of spatial organization after optimization. It is expressed by figures characterizing
distribution of population and industry in towns, productivity of agriculture in subregions and flows
in individual directions. The procedure did not impose restrictions on distribution of population.
2.
Optimum distribution of people employed outside agriculture, with the assumption that they
do not change their places of residence. It was assumed that the number of occupationally active
population in individual towns is constant. Such a condition caused that results of optimization con¬
cerning the remaining sub-systems were different than in the former case. Results of calculations
match the expected ones.
The problem of optimization becomes considerably complicated when apart from sector and
spatial relations also hierarchical structures of the regional system are taken into account. The
degree of complication is growing when various processes of multiple objectives take place in
hierarchical systems. In such cases, one of possible approaches consists in.decomposing hierarchy
into several levels and then optimizing objectives specific to these levels. Differences of objectives
at various levels of hierarchy stem from differences of functions and do not contradict the principle
of coordination. For example, at the national level it is important to ensure coordinated development
of individual regions, on the regional level
—
coordinated development of the central city and
the rest the
regiony
on the town level
—
access of inhabitants to places of work, services and
i-ecreation.
With such an approach, objectives of the national level are optimized first. Results obtained
at this level are then introduced as data in the model of the regional level. Similarly, results obtained
at the regional level constitute data for the town model. Hierarchical spatial structure may be further
to include either town districts or decomposed municipal sub-systems, such as communal infra¬
structure.
Tested were optimization models for the national, town and
infrastructural
levels. Decomposition
of the general hierarchical system does not mean that individual levels lose their hierarchical fea¬
tures. The models used took into account conditions conducive to the appearance of hierarchical
features and these features were determined. Following decomposition of the system individual
levels retain at least some hierarchical features, they are quasi-hierarchical structures.
Formation of quasi-hierarchical structures modelled in this chapter is based on the following
conditions: objects are of different sizes and therefore their effectiveness varies;
économies
of scale
emerge. Another aspact of the problem of scale is the number of objects and the number of sites. Some
towns turn out more, others less convenient for location of various functio ns(sectors). Towns in
which more functions (sectors) have been concentrated are centres of a higher order. On the contrary,
towns with one or few functions are centres of a lower order. The fact that there are lower and higher
orders signifies formation of a hierarchical structure.
The empirical part deals with the analysis of the state and prospects of spatial development of
Poznań
voivodship. It is of a selective subject-matter scope. It was necessary to consider earlier
works done by offices, planning organs and scientific institutions. They contain extensive though
incomplete and not fully systematized knowledge about the voivodship. In the overwhelming
majority these works report single facts and their characteristics. There are few multivariate
analyses, presenting more complex relationships and interdependencies in spatial development of
the voivodship. This work is aimed at studying some of these relationships and interdependencies.
158
Another aim is theoretical reflection on the problems of spatial development and the method of
all-round planning at the voivodship level. The empirical part contains i.a. statistical hypotheses
concerning spatial development of the voivodship, identification of problems of spatial development
and suggested solutions, determination of problem areas, variants of spatial development plan.
Tłumaczyła Elżbieta Puławska
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Domański, Ryszard 1928- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)170100618 |
| author_facet | Domański, Ryszard 1928- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Domański, Ryszard 1928- |
| author_variant | r d rd |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV036698415 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)246343509 (DE-599)BVBBV036698415 |
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| geographic | Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Polen |
| id | DE-604.BV036698415 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T22:46:03Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 8320805740 |
| language | Polish |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-020616905 |
| oclc_num | 246343509 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR |
| physical | 158 S. graph. Darst., Kt. 1 Beil. |
| publishDate | 1987 |
| publishDateSearch | 1987 |
| publishDateSort | 1987 |
| publisher | Państ. Wyd. Ekonomiczne |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Studia / Polska Akademia Nauk, Komitet Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania Kraju |
| spelling | Domański, Ryszard 1928- Verfasser (DE-588)170100618 aut Przestrzenna organizacja rozwoju regionalnego Ryszard Domański Warszawa Państ. Wyd. Ekonomiczne 1987 158 S. graph. Darst., Kt. 1 Beil. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Studia / Polska Akademia Nauk, Komitet Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania Kraju 93 Zsfassung in engl. u. russ. Sprache u.d.T.: Spatial organization of regional development Regionalentwicklung (DE-588)4076605-6 gnd rswk-swf Organisation (DE-588)4043774-7 gnd rswk-swf Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 gnd rswk-swf Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 g Regionalentwicklung (DE-588)4076605-6 s Organisation (DE-588)4043774-7 s DE-604 Polska Akademia Nauk, Komitet Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania Kraju Studia 93 (DE-604)BV000017117 93 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 2 application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020616905&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 2 application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020616905&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Domański, Ryszard 1928- Przestrzenna organizacja rozwoju regionalnego Regionalentwicklung (DE-588)4076605-6 gnd Organisation (DE-588)4043774-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4076605-6 (DE-588)4043774-7 (DE-588)4046496-9 |
| title | Przestrzenna organizacja rozwoju regionalnego |
| title_auth | Przestrzenna organizacja rozwoju regionalnego |
| title_exact_search | Przestrzenna organizacja rozwoju regionalnego |
| title_full | Przestrzenna organizacja rozwoju regionalnego Ryszard Domański |
| title_fullStr | Przestrzenna organizacja rozwoju regionalnego Ryszard Domański |
| title_full_unstemmed | Przestrzenna organizacja rozwoju regionalnego Ryszard Domański |
| title_short | Przestrzenna organizacja rozwoju regionalnego |
| title_sort | przestrzenna organizacja rozwoju regionalnego |
| topic | Regionalentwicklung (DE-588)4076605-6 gnd Organisation (DE-588)4043774-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Regionalentwicklung Organisation Polen |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020616905&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020616905&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV000017117 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT domanskiryszard przestrzennaorganizacjarozwojuregionalnego |