Czystki etniczne i klasowe w Europie XX wieku: szkice do problemu
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| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | Polish |
| Published: |
Warszawa
Instytut Studiów Politycznych Polskiej Akademii Nauk
2010
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Rezension Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Item Description: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Ethnic and class cleansing in 20th century Europe |
| Physical Description: | 357 S. Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9788360580523 |
Staff View
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804143306783850496 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Spis
tresei
Wstęp
.......................................................................................................... 7
Geneza
........................................................................................................ 19
Powstawanie państw narodowych
............................................................ 25
I wojna światowa
........................................................................................ 42
Okres międzywojenny
................................................................................ 54
Prawo do samostanowienia a geopolityka
.................................................. 65
Centralistyczne państwo narodowe
............................................................. 73
Polityka wobec mniejszości narodowych
................................................... 84
Wielki Kryzys, ideologie autorytarne i totalitarne
...................................... 91
W obliczu zbliżającej się wojny
.................................................................. 100
II
wojna światowa
..................................................................................... 109
Czystki klasowe i etniczne w polityce ZSRR
............................................. 125
Czystki rasowe i etniczne w polityce III Rzeszy
........................................ 142
Inne czystki etniczne
................................................................................... 159
Ruchy ludności w końcowym okresie wojny
............................................. 171
Sytuacja polityczna po
1945
r.
................................................................. 179
Polityka sowiecka
....................................................................................... 179
Czystki etniczne a państwo narodowe
........................................................ 185
Rola czystek etnicznych w polityce wewnętrznej
...................................... 193
Czechosłowacja
................................................................................... 195
Jugosławia
............................................................................................ 201
Przypadek szczególny
-
Węgry
........................................................... 206
Czystki etniczne a tworzenie systemu komunistycznego
........................... 210
Przebieg czystek etnicznych po
1945
r. ...................................................
223
Zasady prowadzenia czystek etnicznych
.................................................... 228
Segregacja i dyskryminacja
................................................................. 228
Wysiedlenia
.......................................................................................... 239
Wymiana ludności
............................................................................... 246
Przesiedlenia wewnętrzne, deportacje
................................................. 254
Osadnictwo
i re...zaeja.........................................................................
258
Przemoc
....................................................................................................... 267
System represji
............................................................................................ 284
Wykorzystanie materialne
........................................................................... 298
Półoficjalny rabunek mienia
................................................................ 308
Praca przymusowa
............................................................................... 311
Zakończenie
............................................................................................... 315
Bibliografia
................................................................................................ 325
Summary
.................................................................................................... 355
Summary
Ethnic and Class Cleansing in ZO 1 Century Europe.
Essays
The topic of the book is one form of migration, the migration undertaken
under direct or indirect compulsion, when people leave the place where they
have been living, not because of their own decision, arrived at of their own
will (or, also, if they are suffering economic hardship), but one that has been
imposed on them. By the same token, the subject under consideration in
this book is merely a part of a much wider history of migration and forced
migrations, but it is placed at a junction with the authorities, and a community
formed in different periods on different bases, but always excluding some
groups as strangers.
The point of gravity of these considerations consists of Czechoslovakia,
Poland and Hungary. The analysis is focused on these countries; however,
it often proved necessary to refer to Central Europe in wider terms. It was
impossible to separate these three states from their wider, Central European
context , bearing in mind that each of them was involved in several conflicts.
It is true that the decision on the resettlement of the Germans, taken in Potsdam
in
1945,
pertained to Poland, Czechoslovakia and Hungary; this convergence
was, however, quite ostensible in view of the fact that these states belonged to
different conflict zones. Taking into account Hungary and the German minority
as well, it also transpired to be necessary to encompass Yugoslavia in these
considerations. The analysis does not dwell on Austria, although that state,
like Italy, is mentioned in our reflections These issues could not be completely
bypassed, bearing in mind that the collapse of the multinational empires,
356
Summary
including both the Ottoman and the
Habsburg,
provides one of the significant
perspectives of the analysis.
The genesis of the ethnic and class cleansing is discussed, as well as their
relation to the building of the nation-states, and the impact of the First World
War. The significance of the collapse of the Ottoman Empire is pointed out,
as is, in more detail, the impact of the shape assumed by the national states
in Central and East Europe, as set out after the World War I (the problems
of the states stability, their centralist model and their policies toward the
ethnic minorities). The influence of authoritarian and totalitarian ideologies,
particularly in the
1930s,
is described. Chapter Two is devoted to the period
of the Second World War and, in particular, to the two great totalitarian
systems, within which, forced resettlement for ethnic or class reasons, was
treated as a widely applied tool of the population policy in the occupied and
annexed territories. In case of the Third Reich, particular attention is paid to
Generalplan Ost,
while, in case of the Soviet Union, a similar focus is applied
to the dynamics of change resorting to the forced resettlements under the Soviet
population policy.
A relation between the ethnic cleansing and domestic policy, that is,
primarily, the stabilisation of the political system and the defusing of domestic
conflicts, is shown in the successive chapter, using the example of the three
selected states, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia and Hungary. First and foremost, in
the first two of these states, forced resettlements were an immensely important
instrument, applied to defuse the domestic tensions resulting from the existence
of a separate Slovak state or the actual civil war in occupied Yugoslavia.
The most interesting is the case of Czechoslovakia which, indeed, did not
formally cease to exist as a state during the war; however, it was reduced to no
more than a legal fiction, created thanks to the efforts of
Beneš.
The collapse of
the idea of the Czechoslovak state and nation, in the words of
Beneš,
a strong
democracy prepared to take up arms and fight for its existence, is symbolised
by Munich. It was a political, military and moral defeat, not brought about, but
facilitated, by the weak points in its system. The vision of the common fate
of the Czechs and the Slovaks during the war was built up on the basis of two
elements. The first was the Slovak National Uprising, as an expression of the
rejection of Nazism by the Slovak nation. The second was the fiction of non-
recognition of the Slovak state. As a result of this, the Slovaks were excluded
from the community of the Third Reich satellite states, and were consigned to
______________________________
Summary
______________________357
the Czech war fates, perceived in this perspective as Czechoslovak ones. In
order to achieve this purpose, a reference was made, first, to inviolability of
the pre-Munich borders, and second, to forced resettlements or exchange of
population. In case of Czechoslovakia it implied the removal of the German
minority. It had also a major impact on the Polish-Czech relations. In case of
Slovakia a fiction was created by contrasting the democratic Slovaks to fascist
Hungarians, which required exaggerating the role of the latter and marginalising
the role of the Father Tiso s movement.
The concluding part is dedicated to an analysis of the post-
1945
ethnic
cleansing, discussing their various forms (forced resettlement, population
exchange and deportation) and demonstrating the differences between them,
on the basis of specific examples. The role of violence and of the system of
repression during the cleansing is demonstrated briefly, as is that of (official,
semi-official and criminal) exploitation. The book closes with a short reference
to ethnic cleansing in later years (the changes after
1948,
Israel and the collapse
of the Soviet Union). What the book does not dwell on are the issues of settling
accounts with the history of the ethnic and class-based cleansing, including the
controversies around the Centre Against Expulsions.
Translated by
Mariusz Kukliński
|
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| id | DE-604.BV036678915 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T22:45:34Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788360580523 |
| language | Polish |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-020597829 |
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| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-B1595 DE-739 |
| physical | 357 S. Kt. |
| publishDate | 2010 |
| publishDateSearch | 2010 |
| publishDateSort | 2010 |
| publisher | Instytut Studiów Politycznych Polskiej Akademii Nauk |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Madajczyk, Piotr 1959- Verfasser (DE-588)103546723 aut Czystki etniczne i klasowe w Europie XX wieku szkice do problemu Piotr Madajczyk Warszawa Instytut Studiów Politycznych Polskiej Akademii Nauk 2010 357 S. Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Ethnic and class cleansing in 20th century Europe Geschichte 1900-2000 gnd rswk-swf Europe, 20th century / Ethnic cleansing / Population transfers / Deportation / Class cleansing / Political peresution Vertreibung (DE-588)4063299-4 gnd rswk-swf Europa (DE-588)4015701-5 gnd rswk-swf Europa (DE-588)4015701-5 g Vertreibung (DE-588)4063299-4 s Geschichte 1900-2000 z DE-604 https://www.recensio.net/r/4342745d4e4f3325b56df560ec9edb68 rezensiert in: Jahrbuch des Bundesinstituts für Kultur und Geschichte der Deutschen im östlichen Europa, 19 (2011), S. 331-332 Rezension Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020597829&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020597829&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Madajczyk, Piotr 1959- Czystki etniczne i klasowe w Europie XX wieku szkice do problemu Europe, 20th century / Ethnic cleansing / Population transfers / Deportation / Class cleansing / Political peresution Vertreibung (DE-588)4063299-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4063299-4 (DE-588)4015701-5 |
| title | Czystki etniczne i klasowe w Europie XX wieku szkice do problemu |
| title_auth | Czystki etniczne i klasowe w Europie XX wieku szkice do problemu |
| title_exact_search | Czystki etniczne i klasowe w Europie XX wieku szkice do problemu |
| title_full | Czystki etniczne i klasowe w Europie XX wieku szkice do problemu Piotr Madajczyk |
| title_fullStr | Czystki etniczne i klasowe w Europie XX wieku szkice do problemu Piotr Madajczyk |
| title_full_unstemmed | Czystki etniczne i klasowe w Europie XX wieku szkice do problemu Piotr Madajczyk |
| title_short | Czystki etniczne i klasowe w Europie XX wieku |
| title_sort | czystki etniczne i klasowe w europie xx wieku szkice do problemu |
| title_sub | szkice do problemu |
| topic | Europe, 20th century / Ethnic cleansing / Population transfers / Deportation / Class cleansing / Political peresution Vertreibung (DE-588)4063299-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Europe, 20th century / Ethnic cleansing / Population transfers / Deportation / Class cleansing / Political peresution Vertreibung Europa |
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