The weather and climate of Southern Africa:
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Oxford [u.a.]
Oxford Univ. Press
2004
|
| Edition: | 2. ed., reprinted |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | 1. Aufl. u.d.T.: Preston-Whyte, Robert A.: The Atmosphere and weather of Southern Africa |
| Physical Description: | XII, 396 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 0195718062 |
Staff View
MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a Tyson, Peter D. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The weather and climate of Southern Africa |c P. D. Tyson and R. A. Preston-Whyte |
| 250 | |a 2. ed., reprinted | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Oxford [u.a.] |b Oxford Univ. Press |c 2004 | |
| 300 | |a XII, 396 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a 1. Aufl. u.d.T.: Preston-Whyte, Robert A.: The Atmosphere and weather of Southern Africa | ||
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804143264577617920 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
PREFACE TO SECOND
Mixing ratio
26
EDITION
ix
Specific humidity
27
PREFACE TO FIRST
Relative humidity
27
EDITION
xi
Dew-point temperature
28
Precipitable water
28
1
CLIMATOLOGY AND
The condensation process
28
MODERN SCIENCE
1
Aerosol characteristics
28
Additional reading
2
Growth of cloud droplets
29
Warm-cloud precipitation
31
2
THE COMPOSITION AND
Cold-cloud precipitation
33
STRUCTURE OF THE
Ice-crystal formation
33
ATMOSPHERE
3
Ice-crystal growth
33
The vertical temperature distribution
4
Precipitation
34
The chemical composition of the
Cloud modification and rainfall
atmosphere
5
augmentation
36
Additional reading
10
Warm-cloud modification
36
Cold-cloud modification
37
3
PRESSURE, TEMPERATURE
Fog
dissipation
37
AND DENSITY
Hail suppression
38
RELATIONSHIPS
11
Additional reading
38
Pressure
11
Temperature
11
β
THE TEPHIGRAM
39
The equation of state
12
Tephigram applications
39
The hydrostatic equation
14
Plotting the data
39
The pressure-height relationship
14
Normand s
proposition
40
Additional reading
16
Using the tephigram
41
Stability and instability on
4
THE ADIABATIC PROCESS
17
tephigrams
45
Sensible and latent heat
17
Absolute stability and instability
45
The first law of thermodynamics
18
The effect of ascent and descent on
Adiabatic processes and lapse rates
18
lapse rates
46
Potential temperature
19
Conditional instability
46
Stability and instability
19
Latent instability
49
Unsaturated air
19
Potential instability
50
Saturatedair
21
Changes in instability
51
Conditional instability
22
Stability indices
51
Potential (convective) instability
23
Additional reading
52
Additional reading
23
7
ATMOSPHERIC HEAT
5
MOISTURE AND
TRANSFER
53
PRECIPITATION
24
The structure of the sun and
Water vapour in the atmosphere
24
its radiation
53
Vapour pressure
25
Solar radiation
54
VI
CONTENTS
Variations
m
solar output
55
Some effects of the thermal
ivind
92
The Milankovitch theory
55
The gradient wind
93
Daily and seasonal variations in
The relative sizes of cyclones and
solar radiation
56
anticy/ones
94
The electromagnetic spectrum
58
Comparison ot gradient and
Radiation laws
58
geostrophic wind velocities
95
The attenuation of radiation
61
Cyclostrophic flow
96
Absorption
61
Inerţial
flow
96
Scattering
62
Additional reading
96
Reflection
64
Total attenuation
65
9
VERTICAL MOTION AND
The effective temperature of the
CUMULUS CONVECTION
98
earth
67
Classification of cumulus
Terrestrial radiation
67
convective
activi
ty
99
The radiation balance
69
Radar reflectivity patterns
100
The energy balance
71
Single-cell storms
101
Sensible heat flux
72
The thunderstorm downdraught
102
Latent heat flux
74
Mesoscale considerations
104
The Bo-wen ratio
75
Multi-cell storms
104
Soil heat flux
75
Supercell
storms
106
Advective heat transfer
76
Line storms
111
Adiabatic heat transfer
77
Inter-annual variability
113
Diurnal and annual changes in
Tornadoes
113
energy balance
78
Lightning and thunder
114
The energy balance of the
Additional reading
116
earth-atmosphere system
79
Sunshine and radiation over
10
LARGE-SCALE WEATHER-
southern Africa
82
PRODUCING PROCESSES
Additional reading
82
AND SYSTEMS
117
The nature of convergence and
8
HORIZONTAL MOTION
divergence
117
AND WINDS
83
The equation of continuity
119
Concepts and forces
84
The effect of latitude
120
The gravitational force
84
The effect of changing pressure
Linear and angular momentum
85
gradients
121
The pressure-gradient force
85
Changes in space
121
Coriolisforce
86
Changes in time
122
The centrifugal force
87
The effect
oř
changing radius
The geostrophic wind
87
of curvature
122
The effect of changing pressure
Vorticity
124
gradients
88
The conservation of absolute vorticity
125
Changes in space
88
Wave perturbations
128
Changes in time
89
Gravity waves
128
The effect of friction at the surface
90
Kelvin waves
128
The effect of horizontal temperature
Rossby waves
130
gradients: the thermal wind
91
CONTENTS
VII
The relationship between low-
and upper-level airflow
130
Jet streams
131
Air masses
133
Fronts, frontogenesis and
frontolysis
134
Cyclones and cyclogenesis
138
Anticyclones and their effect on
weather
144
Tropical cyclones
146
Additional reading
150
11
THE GENERAL
CIRCULATION OF THE
SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE
151
Scales of motion
151
Energy and momentum balance
considerations
152
Mean temperature and moisture
conditions
153
The pressure field
154
The wind field
159
Inter-tropical convergence
161
Fronts, cyclones and anticyclones
165
Zonal and meridional patterns
167
Wave structure and semi-
stationary waves
168
Travelling wave disturbances
169
Major convergence zones and
cloud bands
171
The Walker Circulation
174
Monsoon systems
174
Additional reading
175
12
ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION
AND WEATHER OVER
SOUTHERN AFRICA
176
Mean circulation patterns
176
Synoptic and other weather
perturbations
178
Circulation types
185
Fine weather and mildly
disturbed conditions
185
Subtropical anticyclones
185
Coastal lows and Berg winds
190
Tropical disturbances in the
easterHes
191
Easterly waves and lows
191
Subtropical lows
195
Temperate disturbances in the
westerhes
195
Westerly waves
195
Cut-off lows
196
Southerly meridional flow
197
Ridging anticyclones
200
West-coast troughs
200
Coldfronts
202
Other important rain-producing
systems
205
Thunderstorms
205
Tropical cyclones
208
Necessity and sufficiency of
synoptic and thermal forcing
209
Composite synoptic types
211
Cloud bands
212
Circulation types, cloud systems
and rainfall
214
Additional reading
217
13
OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE
INTERACTIONS
218
Wind and ocean movement
218
Thermohaline circulation
222
The ocean heat engine
227
Coupled ocean-atmosphere
variability
228
The Walker Circulation and
ENSO
228
ENSO and South African rainfall
233
Coupled ocean-atmosphere
variability in the vicinity of
southern Africa
236
Additional reading
244
14
BOUNDARY-LAYER
PHENOMENA
245
Turbulence in the boundary layer
246
Momentumflux
246
Variations in the turbulence regime
246
Wind-speed profiles
248
VIII CONTENTS
The Richardson number
249
Heatflux
249
Moistureflux
250
Boundary-layer modification by
urban areas
252
Urban-rural contrasts
252
Airflow around buildings
252
The urban heat island
253
An urban-heat-island model
259
Air-pollution climatology
260
Stability characteristics
261
Surface inversions
261
Elevated inversions
264
Air-pollution dispersion
264
Effective stack height
265
Plume behaviour
267
The Gaussian Plume Model
268
Mesoscale air circulations
271
Local winds on slopes and across
shorelines
271
Regional topographically induced
winds
21
Ъ
Some environmental implications of
localwinds
281
Additional reading
284
15
THE TRANSPORT OF
AEROSOLS AND TRACE
GASES
285
The process of transport
285
Trajectory modelling
286
Local and mesoscale transport
286
Synoptic-scale transport
288
The southern African haze layer
289
Transport patterns
293
Transport across the Indian Ocean
293
Mean transport pathways
296
Recirculation
297
Mean mass transport
299
Inter-hemispheric transport from
South Africa
301
The plume to the Indian Ocean
302
Additional reading
304
16
CLIMATIC CHANGE AND
VARIABILITY
305
Pre-Quaternary changes in
climate
305
Quaternary changes in climate
309
Precessional forcing of rainfall
311
The Last Glacial Maximum to
the Holocene Altithermal
312
Conditions after the Holocene
Altithermal
314
Regional coherence of late-
Holocene climatic changes
317
Global teleconnections
319
The period of historical record
321
The period of meteorological
record
322
Temperature changes
323
Links with rainfall elsewhere
in Africa
324
Environmental implications of
droughts
325
Variations in atmospheric
circulation
328
The wet-spell situation
332
The dry-spell situation
334
Palaeoclimatic circulation
changes
336
Abrupt climatic changes
336
Additional reading
338
17
THE PREDICTION OF
FUTURE CONDITIONS
339
Numerical forecasting of weather
340
Climate modelling and
prediction
345
Regional climatic-change
scenarios for southern Africa
351
Future modelling
354
Other modelling applications
355
Additional reading
355
SYMBOLS
35/
UNITS AND
CONVERSIONS
360
GLOSSARY
364
REFERENCES
377
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
385
INDEX
387
|
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| bvnumber | BV036649864 |
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| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)705778198 (DE-599)BVBBV036649864 |
| discipline | Geographie |
| edition | 2. ed., reprinted |
| format | Book |
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| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T22:44:54Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0195718062 |
| language | English |
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| oclc_num | 705778198 |
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| owner | DE-703 |
| owner_facet | DE-703 |
| physical | XII, 396 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| publishDate | 2004 |
| publishDateSearch | 2004 |
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| publisher | Oxford Univ. Press |
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| spelling | Tyson, Peter D. Verfasser aut The weather and climate of Southern Africa P. D. Tyson and R. A. Preston-Whyte 2. ed., reprinted Oxford [u.a.] Oxford Univ. Press 2004 XII, 396 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier 1. Aufl. u.d.T.: Preston-Whyte, Robert A.: The Atmosphere and weather of Southern Africa Klima (DE-588)4031170-3 gnd rswk-swf Südafrika Kontinent (DE-588)4058393-4 gnd rswk-swf Südafrika Kontinent (DE-588)4058393-4 g Klima (DE-588)4031170-3 s DE-604 Preston-Whyte, Robert A. Verfasser aut Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020569393&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Tyson, Peter D. Preston-Whyte, Robert A. The weather and climate of Southern Africa Klima (DE-588)4031170-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4031170-3 (DE-588)4058393-4 |
| title | The weather and climate of Southern Africa |
| title_auth | The weather and climate of Southern Africa |
| title_exact_search | The weather and climate of Southern Africa |
| title_full | The weather and climate of Southern Africa P. D. Tyson and R. A. Preston-Whyte |
| title_fullStr | The weather and climate of Southern Africa P. D. Tyson and R. A. Preston-Whyte |
| title_full_unstemmed | The weather and climate of Southern Africa P. D. Tyson and R. A. Preston-Whyte |
| title_short | The weather and climate of Southern Africa |
| title_sort | the weather and climate of southern africa |
| topic | Klima (DE-588)4031170-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Klima Südafrika Kontinent |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020569393&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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