Understanding polymer processing: processes and governing equations
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| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Munich [u.a.]
Hanser
2011
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Physical Description: | XIV, 286 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9783446424043 9781569904725 1569904723 |
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MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Understanding polymer processing |b processes and governing equations |c Tim A. Osswald |
| 264 | 1 | |a Munich [u.a.] |b Hanser |c 2011 | |
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Record in the Search Index
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Preface
................................................................
VII
Contents..............................................................
¡χ
Parti
Polymeric
Materials
1
1
Introduction
.......................................................
З
1.1
Historical Background
.........................................
З
1.2
General Properties
............................................. 6
1.3
Macromolecular Structure of Polymers
........................... 11
1.4
Molecular Weight
.............................................. 12
1.5
Arrangement of Polymer Molecules
.............................. 14
1.5.1
Thermoplastic Polymers
................................ 14
1.5.2
Amorphous Thermoplastics
............................. 15
1.5.3
Semi-Crystalline Thermoplastics
......................... 16
1.5.4
Thermosets
and Crosslinked Elastomers
................... 18
1.6
Copolymers and Polymer Blends
................................ 19
1.7
Polymer Additives
............................................. 20
1.7.1
Plasticizers
............................................ 20
1.7.2
Flame
Retardants
....................................... 20
1.7.3
Stabilizers
............................................. 21
1.7.4
Antistatic Agents
....................................... 21
1.7.5
Fillers
................................................. 21
1.7.6
Blowing Agents
........................................ 22
1.8
Plastics Recycling
.............................................. 22
1.9
The Plastics and Rubber Industries
.............................. 25
1.10
Polymer Processes
............................................. 26
References
......................................................... 27
___________________________________________________________
Contents
2
Mechanical Behavior of Polymers
.................................... 29
2.1
Viscoelastic Behavior of Polymers
............................... 29
2.1.1
Stress Relaxation
....................................... 29
2.1.2
Time-Temperature Superposition
......................... 30
2.2
The Short-Term Tensile Test
.................................... 32
2.2.1
Elastomers
............................................ 33
2.2.2
Thermoplastic Polymers
................................ 35
2.3
Long-Term Tests
.............................................. 37
2.3.1
Isochronous and Isometric Creep Plots
.................... 38
2.3.2
Creep Rupture
......................................... 38
2.4
Dynamic Mechanical Tests
..................................... 39
2.5
Mechanical Behavior of Filled and Reinforced Polymers
............ 42
2.6
Impact Strength
............................................... 45
2.7
Fatigue
....................................................... 47
2.8
Weathering
................................................... 48
References
......................................................... 53
3
Melt Rheology
...................................................... 55
3.1
Introduction to Rheology
...................................... 55
3.1.1
Shear Thinning Behavior of Polymers
..................... 57
3.1.2
Normal Stresses in Shear Flow
........................... 58
3.1.3
Deborah Number
...................................... 59
3.1.4
Rheology of Curing
Thermosets
.......................... 61
3.1.5
Suspension Rheology
................................... 62
3.1.6
Viscoelastic Flow Models
................................ 63
3.2
Rheometry
................................................... 64
3.2.1
The Melt Flow
Indexer
.................................. 65
3.2.2
The Capillary Viscometer
................................ 66
3.2.3
The Cone-and-Plate Rheometer
.......................... 68
References
................................... ....... 69
Contents________________________________________________________________^__^_
χι
Part
II
Polymer
Processes
71
4
Extrusion..........................................................
73
4.1
Pumping
..................................................... 73
4.2
The Plasticating Extruder
....................................... 75
4.2.1
The Solids Conveying Zone
.............................. 78
4.2.2
The Melting Zone
...................................... 82
4.2.3
The Metering Zone
..................................... 84
4.3
Extrusion Dies
................................................ 85
4.3.1
Sheeting Dies
.......................................... 86
4.3.2
Tubular Dies
........................................... 88
References
......................................................... 89
5
Mixing
............................................................ 91
5.1
Distributive Mixing
............................................ 91
5.2
Dispersive Mixing
............................................. 94
5.2.1
Break-Up of Paniculate Agglomerates
..................... 94
5.2.2
Break-Up of Fluid Droplets
.............................. 96
5.3
Mixing Devices
............................................... 100
5.3.1
Banbury Mixer
......................................... 101
5.3.2
Mixing in Single Screw Extruders
......................... 102
5.3.3
Static Mixers
........................................... 104
5.3.4
Cokneader
............................................ 106
5.3.5
Twin Screw Extruders
................................... 106
References
......................................................... 108
6
Injection Molding
..................................................
Ill
6.1
The Injection Molding Cycle
.................................... 112
6.2
The Injection Molding Machine
................................. 116
6.2.1
The Plasticating and Injection Unit
....................... 116
6.2.2
The Clamping Unit
..................................... 117
6.2.3
The Mold Cavity
...................................... 118
6.3
Special Injection Molding Processes
............................. 121
6.3.1
Multi-Component Injection Molding
..................... 121
6.3.2
Co-Injection Molding
................................... 122
ХИ
________________________________________________________________________________ Contents
6.3.3
Gas-Assisted Injection Molding (GAIM)
.................. 125
6.3.4
Injection-Compression Molding
.......................... 127
6.3.5
Reaction Injection Molding (RIM)
....................... 128
6.3.6
Liquid
Silicone
Rubber Injection Molding
................. 130
6.4
Computer Simulation in Injection Molding
....................... 131
6.4.1
Mold Filling Simulation
................................. 132
6.4.2
Orientation Predictions
................................. 134
6.4.3
Shrinkage and Warpage Predictions
....................... 134
References
......................................................... 136
7
Other Plastics Processes
............................................. 137
7.1
Fiber Spinning
................................................ 137
7.2
Film Production
............................................... 138
7.2.1
Cast Film Extrusion
.................................... 138
7.2.2
Film Blowing
.......................................... 139
7.3
Blow Molding
................................................. 141
7.3.1
Extrusion Blow Molding
................................ 141
7.3.2
Injection Blow Molding
................................. 143
7.4
Thermoforming
............................................... 145
7.5
Calendering
.................................................. 147
7.6
Coating
...................................................... 148
7.7
Processing Reactive Polymers
................................... 151
7.8
Compression Molding
......................................... 154
7.9
Foaming
..................................................... 157
7.10
Rotational Molding
............................................ 159
7.11
Welding
...................................................... 161
References
......................................................... 162
Part III
Modeling
165
8
Transport Phenomena in Polymer Processing
......................... 167
8.1
Dimensional Analysis and Scaling
............................... 167
8.1.1
Dimensional Analysis
................................... 168
8.1.2
Scaling and Similarity
................................... 177
Contents__________________________________________________________________
8.2 Balance
Equations .............................................
179
8.2.1
The Mass Balance or Continuity Equation
................. 179
8.2.2
The Material or Substantial Derivative
....................180
8.2.3
The Momentum Balance or Equation of Motion
............ 181
8.2.4
The Energy Balance or Equation of Energy
................ 185
8.3
Model Simplification
........................................... 187
8.3.1
Reduction in Dimensionality
............................ 190
8.3.2
Lubrication Approximation
............................. ¡92
8.4
Simple Models in Polymer Processing
........................... 194
8.4.1
Pressure Driven Flow of a Newtonian Fluid through a Slit
... 194
8.4.2
Flow of a Power Law Fluid in a Straight Circular Tube
(
Hagen-
Poiseuille Equation)
............................. 195
8.4.3
Volumetric Flow Rate of a Power Law Fluid in Axial Annular
Flow
.................................................. 197
8.4.4
Radial Flow Between two Parallel Discs
—
Newtonian Model
. 198
8.4.5
Cooling or Heating in Polymer Processing
.................201
References
.........................................................206
9
Modeling Polymer Processes
........................................207
9.1
Single Screw Extrusion
—
Isothermal Flow Problems
...............207
9.1.1
Newtonian Flow in the Metering Section of a Single Screw
Extruder
..............................................208
9.1.2
Cross Channel Flow in a Single Screw Extruder
............211
9.1.3
Newtonian Isothermal Screw and Die Characteristic Curves
.214
9.2
Extrusion Dies
—
Isothermal Flow Problems
......................217
9.2.1
End-Fed Sheeting Die
................................... 217
9.2.2
Coat Hanger Die
....................................... 220
9.2.3
Extrusion Die with Variable Die Land Thicknesses
.......... 222
9.2.4
Fiber Spinning
........................................ 223
9.2.5
Wire Coating Die
....................................... 227
9.3
Processes That Involve Membrane Stretching
...................... 229
9.3.1
Film Blowing
..........................................229
9.3.2
Thermoforming
........................................234
9.4
Calendering
—
Isothermal Flow Problems
........................236
9.4.1
Newtonian Model of Calendering
........................236
9.4.2
Shear Thinning Model of Calendering
....................243
XIV
________________________________________________________________________________ Contents
9.4.3
Calender Fed with a Finite Sheet Thickness
................245
9.5
Injection Molding
—
Isothermal Flow Problems
...................247
9.5.1
Balancing the Runner System in Multi-Cavity Injection
Molds
.................................................247
9.5.2
Radial Flow Between Two Parallel Discs
...................249
9.6
Non
-Isothermal Flows
.........................................251
9.6.1
Non-Isothermal Shear Flow
..............................252
9.6.2
Non-Isothermal Pressure Flow through a Slit
...............254
9.7
Melting and Solidification
......................................256
9.7.1
Melting with Drag Flow Melt Removal
.................... 259
9.7.2
Melting Zone in a Plasticating Single Screw Extruder
........ 265
9.8
Curing reactions during processing
.............................. 271
9.9
Estimating Injection Pressure and Clamping Force
................. 273
References
......................................................... 279
Subject Index
..........................................................281
Tim A. Osswald
Understanding
Polymer Processing
This book provides the background needed to understand not only the wide field of
polymer processing, but also the emerging technologies associated with the plastics
industry in the 21st Century. The book combines practical engineering concepts with
modeling of realistic polymer processes. It is divided into three sections that provide
sufficient knowledge of polymer materials, polymer processing, and modeling for the
reader. Understanding Polymer Processing is intended for the person who is entering
the plastics manufacturing industry and
-
as a textbook
-
for students taking an intro¬
ductory course in polymer processing. This three-part book also serves as a guide to
the practicing engineer when choosing a process, determining important parameters
and factors during the early stages of process design, and when optimizing such a pro¬
cess. Practical examples illustrating basic concepts are presented throughout the book.
Contents:
Part I
-
Polymeric Materials
This section gives a general introduction to polymers, including mechanical
behavior of polymers and melt rheology
Part II
-
Polymer Processing
The major polymer processes are introduced in this section, including extrusion,
mixing, injection molding, thermoforming. blow molding, film blowing, and many
others
Part III
-
Modeling
This last section delivers the tools to allow the engineer to solve back-of-the-
envelop polymer processing models. It includes dimensional analysis and scaling.
transport phenomena in polymer processing, and modeling polymer processes
www.hanserpublications.com
Hanser Publications
ISBN
978-1-56990-472-5
www.hanser.de
Carl Hanser
Verlag
ISBN
978-3-446-42404-3
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Osswald, Tim A. 1958- |
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| dewey-full | 668.41 |
| dewey-hundreds | 600 - Technology (Applied sciences) |
| dewey-ones | 668 - Technology of other organic products |
| dewey-raw | 668.41 |
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| dewey-sort | 3668.41 |
| dewey-tens | 660 - Chemical engineering |
| discipline | Chemie / Pharmazie Physik Werkstoffwissenschaften Chemie-Ingenieurwesen Werkstoffwissenschaften / Fertigungstechnik |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV036638100 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T22:44:45Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9783446424043 9781569904725 1569904723 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-020557780 |
| oclc_num | 845751546 |
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| physical | XIV, 286 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2011 |
| publishDateSearch | 2011 |
| publishDateSort | 2011 |
| publisher | Hanser |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Osswald, Tim A. 1958- Verfasser (DE-588)1062689453 aut Understanding polymer processing processes and governing equations Tim A. Osswald Munich [u.a.] Hanser 2011 XIV, 286 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Kunststoffverarbeitung (DE-588)4114335-8 gnd rswk-swf Kunststoffverarbeitung (DE-588)4114335-8 s DE-604 Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020557780&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020557780&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext |
| spellingShingle | Osswald, Tim A. 1958- Understanding polymer processing processes and governing equations Kunststoffverarbeitung (DE-588)4114335-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4114335-8 |
| title | Understanding polymer processing processes and governing equations |
| title_auth | Understanding polymer processing processes and governing equations |
| title_exact_search | Understanding polymer processing processes and governing equations |
| title_full | Understanding polymer processing processes and governing equations Tim A. Osswald |
| title_fullStr | Understanding polymer processing processes and governing equations Tim A. Osswald |
| title_full_unstemmed | Understanding polymer processing processes and governing equations Tim A. Osswald |
| title_short | Understanding polymer processing |
| title_sort | understanding polymer processing processes and governing equations |
| title_sub | processes and governing equations |
| topic | Kunststoffverarbeitung (DE-588)4114335-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Kunststoffverarbeitung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020557780&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020557780&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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