Przygotowanie obronne społeczeństwa w Polsce (1921 - 1939):
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | Polish |
| Published: |
Warszawa
Wydawnictwo Neriton
2010
|
| Edition: | Wyd. 1. |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Item Description: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Civil defence preparations of the Polish people, 1921 - 1939 |
| Physical Description: | 350 s., [8] s. tabl. Ill. 24 cm. |
| ISBN: | 9788375431100 |
Staff View
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Przygotowanie obronne społeczeństwa w Polsce (1921 - 1939) |c Aneta Ignatowicz |
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804143188948025344 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Spis
tresei
Wstęp
...................................... 7
Rozdział I. Wizje przyszłej wojny w polskiej myśli wojskowej okresu międzywojennego
.... 15
Teoria „naród pod bronią
.......................... 15
Wojna powszechna w ujęciu gen. Władysława Sikorskiego
......... 29
Elementy teorii wojny totalnej
........................ 32
Zachowawcze koncepcje charakteru przyszłej wojny
............. 37
Rozdziału. Edukacja i przysposobienie obronne społeczeństwa w latach
1921-1926.....42
Rola państwa i sił zbrojnych w wypracowaniu modelu szkolenia rezerwy,
przedpoborowych, młodzieży męskiej i przysposobienia obronnego
pozostałych grup społeczeństwa
.....................42
Zasady szkolenia rezerwistów
........................55
Przygotowanie obronne młodzieży szkolnej
.................61
Zadania organizacji i stowarzyszeń proobronnych w edukacji obronnej
(teoretycznej i praktycznej) różnych grup społecznych
.........70
Próby przygotowania obronnego kobiet
...................118
Rozdział III. Koncepcje kierowania przez państwo i wojsko przysposobieniem obronnym społe¬
czeństwa w latach
1926-1935 ..........................124
Państwowy Urząd Wychowania Fizycznego i Przysposobienia Wojskowego
oraz jego miejsce w przysposobieniu obronnym młodzieży i powszech¬
nej edukacji społeczeństwa
........................124
Federacja Polskich Związków Obrońców Ojczyzny i jej zadania w podtrzy¬
maniu kondycji proobronnej rezerwistów
................147
Przysposobienie obronne młodzieży szkolnej
................152
Związek Strzelecki i jego miejsce oraz rola w przygotowaniu obronnym
społeczeństwa
...............................155
Udział organizacji i stowarzyszeń proobronnych w edukacji obronnej
i praktycznym szkoleniu społeczeństwa
.................172
Zasady uczestnictwa kobiet w ich przygotowaniu do pomocniczej służby
wojskowej
.................................192
Rozdział
IV.
Przygotowanie obronne społeczeństwa w okresie narastania zagrożenia wojennego
w latach
1935-1939..............................199
Próby kierownictwa państwa i wojska praktycznej realizacji koncepcji
„naród pod bronią
............................199
Rola Wojska Polskiego w przygotowaniu obronnym spoieczeństwa
.... 205
Zasady szkolenia rezerw osobowych dla potrzeb armii
...........211
Przygotowanie kandydatów do deficytowych specjalności wojskowych
. .214
Miejsce Państwowego Urzędu Wychowania Fizycznego i Przysposobienia
Wojskowego w przygotowaniu obronnym młodzieży oraz jego prak¬
tycznej realizacji
..............................228
Zadania proobronne stowarzyszeń i organizacji statutowo do nich powo¬
łanych
...................................237
Nowy model edukacji i przysposobienia wojennego młodzieży szkolnej
i akademickiej oraz Junackie Hufce Pracy
................277
Organizacje kobiece przysposobienia obronnego w przededniu
II
wojny
światowej
.................................286
Zakończenie
...................................295
Wykazskrótów
..................................300
Bibliografía
...................................303
Aneksy
......................................317
Abstract
.....................................335
Indeks osób
...................................338
Indeks nazw geograficznych
.............................345
Wykaz ilustracji
.................... 349
Civil
defence preparations of the Polish people,
1921-1939
Abstract
The historical experiences of the Polish nation prove how important it is to prepare the
country for the defence of its sovereignty. It was well understood, especially by the authori¬
ties of the Second Republic of Poland and a great majority of the inhabitants of Poland who
identified itself with the reborn state. At that time this awareness was further emphasised
by the memory of the Night of Partitions and the period of first three years of independ¬
ence, when the Polish frontiers, or even the very existence of the state, were to be decided
upon by military actions. The reborn Poland, in conflict with its neighbours and burdened
with numerous minorities had to be always ready to fight off aggression and to defence its
territorial integrity. In addition, its political and intellectual elites were confronted with the
challenge of educate the Polish people in the spirit of patriotism and civic responsibility, of
reversing the processes of denatiolisation initiated by the partitioning powers, as well as
those of demoralisation.
In that situation the tasks to mould the society focused around the safeguarding of inde¬
pendence and drive for extensive development of the country rested with the authorities,
almost all institutions and legal organisations.
To accomplish these purposes, the efforts were undertaken in the field of legislation,
organisation of social life and rebuilding of the awareness of the population. Of course, the
process did not dispense with conflicts resolved both in the Parliament and by force, in the
form of the May
Coup d État
of
1926
and subsequent limitations on democracy. Yet, the rec¬
ognition of the independence and sovereignty of Poland as the utmost welfare remained
undeterred. To preserve that welfare Poland kept its regular army, despite the enormous
financial costs. Polish governments, regardless their political orientation, made great diplo¬
matic efforts to forge alliances and agreements to strengthen the security of the state. And
Polish people gave expression of their concern about state matters through their active par¬
ticipation in the preparations for the defence of their country.
A thorough analysis of the literature written on the subject so far, in great detail pre¬
senting individual issues, and archival research into the rich collections of the Central Mili¬
tary Archive and Archives of New Records in Warsaw allow us to put forward a hypothesis
that in interwar Poland there was a well-developed and effective system of civil defence prep¬
aration, and that the process was organised and assisted by the state authorities, while the
direct executors of individual tasks were pro-defence organisations. The process included,
apart from military training, educational, cultural and propaganda activities to mould fully
aware citizens-patriots, ready to sacrifice themselves for their homeland.
Due to a peculiarity of the analysed question, the present study has been arranged
according to issues and chronology. Thus, years from
1918
to
1921
were a period of the for¬
mation of the state, both territorial and political one. The next period
-
to
1926 -
was asso¬
ciated with parliamentary government, but also with a chaos in young Polish democracy. The
May Coup began the authoritarian rule of
Józef Pilsudski;
and after his death in
1935
the
336
Abstract
last years of the Second Polish Republic passed under the banner of decomposition of the
Sanacja
Camp and a growing war threat. The attitude toward the matters of defence, both in
theory and in practice, was different in the respective interwar periods. The structure of the
book reflects also some other problems and research areas which arose in the course of the
research.
Chapter one
-
Visions of Future War in the Polish Military Thought of the Interwar Period
-
is
devoted to the theoretical aspects of the defence of Poland. Military doctrine, and in partic¬
ular visions of future war formed a basis for all activities related to defence preparations of
the state. This had also an impact upon civil defence training. The first section emphasises
the idea of nation under arms . Special attention was paid to the theories according to which
all areas of state functioning would be affected (theories of general and total war), and thus
they opted for the widest possible participation of the society if the defence preparations.
This approach has been reflected in the structure of the next sections. The last part of the
chapter deals with conservative war theories.
Chapter two
-
Education and Civil Defence Training in
1921-1926 -
presents the attitude
of the authorities and social organisations to the question of preparation of the population
for war in the period of parliamentary government and the attempts to develop the most
effective system of actions, especially by the agency of military educational associations, such
as Polish Scouting Association
(Związek Harcerstwa Polskiego),
Polish Gymnastic Society Fal¬
con (Poisfeie
Towarzystwo Gimnastyczne Sokół ),
Riflemen s Association
{Związek Strzelecki),
Association of Insurgents and Soldiers
(Towarzystwo Powstańców i Wojaków),
Association of
Polish Youth
(Stowarzyszenie Młodzieży Polskiej),
Shooting Brotherhoods
(bractwa strzeleckie),
or Saint
Florian
Society
(Związek Floriański).
Chapter three
-
Ideas on Running Civil Defence Training by the State and the Army in
1926-
-1935 -
describes the civil defence preparations according to the ideology of the governing
camp in Poland after the May Coup, when the authorities were looking for ways to strengthen
the defence capacity of the country. This was done by, among other things, activating of the
whole nation and shifting the responsibility for the state defence to its shoulders, by coor¬
dinating the activities of various associations, sports and military organisations whose actions
were to be subordinated to the plans of the state which subsidised such activities. A crite¬
rion for emphasising individual issues was their objective importance in the described proc¬
ess of organising and running civil defence training.
Last chapter
-
Civil Defence Training in the Period of Growing War Threat in
1935-1939 -
set
apart due to the internal and external political situation at that time, has been divided into
sections describing the areas of the most intense activity of the authorities and Polish peo¬
ple in the face of imminent military conflict.
The purpose of the present book is to present in a synthetic condense form the whole
subject related to civil defence training in interwar Poland, since in the literature on the sub¬
ject there dominates an image of the country preparing to war as seen mainly through the
prism of the armed forces and diplomatic service. Yet, as the research findings indicate, the
process involved a great part of Polish population, and the forms of participation differed in
the scope of trainings, their character and objectives. The books attempts to indicate an
important and often neglected function of the analysed activities, this is to say an integra¬
tion of Poles around shared values
-
the sovereignty of the state and independence of the
nation understood as a community of people of various outlooks and political opinions. There
are also indicated the areas of civil activity or groups which are omitted or marginalised in
the books on the military history of the Second Polish Republic. One of the examples here
can be the participation of women in the state defence system that, in my opinion, has been
clearly underestimated not only in it military aspect but also in moral and psychological one.
That activity affected millions of people variously trained in various organisations. Civil war
Abstract
337
preparations and defence training became constant elements of social, and even private life
in interwar Poland.
Although in September
1939
Poles were unable to defend their independence, it was
due to many reasons, such as crushing military superiority of the Third Reich, necessity to
defend a long line of the front, the USSR s aggression and disloyalty of the Polish allies. The
Polish people were not prepared for a new model of war, especially they were unfamiliar with
the effects of total war and with capabilities of innovative methods and means of war, and
were not prepared for waging irregular operations in the occupied country. It should be
emphasised, however, that the shock caused by the September defeat was overcome relatively
quickly, and as a result of aroused and strengthened awareness an entire underground state
was organised, with its own administration and armed forces. Without the pro-defence efforts
of
1918-1939
it would not have been possible to organize the clandestine state on such
a large scale.
Then, it should be remembered that
-
contrary to numerous allegations
-
the matters
of defence were regarded in interwar Poland as a concern of the utmost importance, and
Polish people supported the authorities in this matter at a cost of their great sacrifices. The
system of civil military straining, organised mainly by paramilitary organisations and educa¬
tional institutions, resulted in the formation of modern patriotism of Polish people. It became
an important factor in national, and above all in civil education. It is worth to emphasize
that despite the short time-frame, deficient funds and material bases, and despite political
fragmentation of the society, the excellent results of training and education were achieved.
Translated by
Grażyna Waluga
|
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| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T22:43:35Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788375431100 |
| language | Polish |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-020510238 |
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| physical | 350 s., [8] s. tabl. Ill. 24 cm. |
| publishDate | 2010 |
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| spelling | Ignatowicz, Aneta 1971- Verfasser (DE-588)139178090 aut Przygotowanie obronne społeczeństwa w Polsce (1921 - 1939) Aneta Ignatowicz Wyd. 1. Warszawa Wydawnictwo Neriton 2010 350 s., [8] s. tabl. Ill. 24 cm. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Civil defence preparations of the Polish people, 1921 - 1939 Geschichte 1921-1939 gnd rswk-swf Zivilverteidigung (DE-588)4079528-7 gnd rswk-swf Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 gnd rswk-swf Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 g Zivilverteidigung (DE-588)4079528-7 s Geschichte 1921-1939 z DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020510238&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020510238&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Ignatowicz, Aneta 1971- Przygotowanie obronne społeczeństwa w Polsce (1921 - 1939) Zivilverteidigung (DE-588)4079528-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4079528-7 (DE-588)4046496-9 |
| title | Przygotowanie obronne społeczeństwa w Polsce (1921 - 1939) |
| title_auth | Przygotowanie obronne społeczeństwa w Polsce (1921 - 1939) |
| title_exact_search | Przygotowanie obronne społeczeństwa w Polsce (1921 - 1939) |
| title_full | Przygotowanie obronne społeczeństwa w Polsce (1921 - 1939) Aneta Ignatowicz |
| title_fullStr | Przygotowanie obronne społeczeństwa w Polsce (1921 - 1939) Aneta Ignatowicz |
| title_full_unstemmed | Przygotowanie obronne społeczeństwa w Polsce (1921 - 1939) Aneta Ignatowicz |
| title_short | Przygotowanie obronne społeczeństwa w Polsce (1921 - 1939) |
| title_sort | przygotowanie obronne spoleczenstwa w polsce 1921 1939 |
| topic | Zivilverteidigung (DE-588)4079528-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Zivilverteidigung Polen |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020510238&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020510238&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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