Fundamentals of wireless sensor networks: theory and practice
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| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Chichester
Wiley
2010
|
| Edition: | 1. publ. |
| Series: | Wiley series on wireless communications and mobile computing
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XVIII, 311 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9780470997659 |
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MARC
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | Titel: Fundamentals of wireless sensor networks
Autor: Dargie, Waltenegus
Jahr: 2010
Contents
About the Series Editors xv
Preface xvii
Part One: INTRODUCTION
1 Motivation for a Network of Wireless Sensor Nodes 3
1.1 Definitions and Background 4
1.1.1 Sensing and Sensors 4
1.1.2 Wireless Sensor Networks 7
1.2 Challenges and Constraints 9
1.2.1 Energy 10
11
11
12
12
13
13
14
15
17
17
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19
19
20
21
22
24
26
26
30
30
32
32
1.2.2 Self-Management
1.2.3 Wireless Networking
1.2.4 Decentralized Management
1.2.5 Design Constraints
1.2.6 Security
1.2.7 Other Challenges
Exercises
References
2 Applications
2.1 Structural Health Monitoring
2.1.1 Sensing Seismic Events
2.1.2 Single Damage Detection Using Natural Frequencies
2.1.3 Multiple Damage Detection Using Natural Frequencies
2.1.4 Multiple Damage Detection Using Mode Shapes
2.1.5 Coherence
2.1.6 Piezoelectric Effect
2.1.7 Prototypes
2.2 Traffic Control
2.2.7 The Sensing Task
2.2.2 Prototypes
2.3 Health Care
2.3.1 Available Sensors
2.3.2 Prototypes
yiii_______________________________________________________________Contents
2.4 Pipeline Monitoring 35
2.4.1 Prototype 35
2.5 Precision Agriculture 36
2.5.1 Prototypes 37
2.6 Active Volcano 38
2.6.1 Prototypes 39
2.7 Underground Mining 40
2.7.1 Sources of Accidents 41
2.7.2 The Sensing Task 42
Exercises 42
References 44
3 Node Architecture 47
3.1 The Sensing Subsystem 48
3.1.1 Analog-to-Digital Converter 48
3.2 The Processor Subsystem 51
3.2.7 Architectural Overview 52
3.2.2 Microcontroller 54
3.2.3 Digital Signal Processor 54
3.2.4 Application-Specific Integrated Circuit 55
3.2.5 Field Programmable Gate Array 56
3.2.6 Comparison 57
3.3 Communication Interfaces 58
3.3.1 Serial Peripheral Interface 58
3.3.2 Inter-Integrated Circuit 59
3.3.3 Summary 61
3.4 Prototypes 62
3.4.1 The IMote Node Architecture 63
64
65
66
68
69
70
70
70
71
71
71
72
72
73
73
73
74
3.4.2 The XYZ Node Architecture
3.4.3 The Hogthrob Node Architecture
Exercises
References
4 Operating Systems
4.1 Functional Aspects
4.1.1 Data Types
4.1.2 Scheduling
4.1.3 Stacks
4.1.4 System Calls
4.1.5 Handling Interrupts
4.1.6 Multithreading
4.1.7 Thread-Based vs Event-Based Programming
4.1.8 Memory Allocation
.2 Nonfunctional Aspects
4.2.1 Separation of Concern
4.2.2 System Overhead
Contents ix
4.2.3 Portability 74
4.2.4 Dynamic Reprogramming 74
4.3 Prototypes 75
4.3.1 TinyOS 75
4.3.2 SOS 78
4.3.3 Contiki 80
4.3.4 LiteOS 85
4.4 Evaluation 88
Exercises 90
References 91
Part Two: BASIC ARCHITECTURAL FRAMEWORK
5 Physical Layer 95
5.1 Basic Components 95
5.2 Source Encoding 96
5.2.7 The Efficiency of a Source Encoder 98
5.2.2 Pulse Code Modulation and Delta Modulation 100
5.3 Channel Encoding 101
5.3.1 Types of Channels 103
5.3.2 Information Transmission over a Channel 104
5.3.3 Error Recognition and Correction 106
5.4 Modulation 106
5.4.1 Modulation Types 106
5.4.2 Quadratic Amplitude Modulation 114
5.4.3 Summary 117
5.5 Signal Propagation 117
Exercises 119
References 123
6 Medium Access Control 125
6.1 Overview 125
6.7.7 Contention-Free Medium Access 127
6.7.2 Contention-Based Medium Access 127
6.2 Wireless MAC Protocols 128
6.2.7 Carrier Sense Multiple Access 129
6.2.2 Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (MACA) and MACAW 129
6.2.3 MACA By Invitation 130
6.2.4 IEEE802.il 130
6.2.5 IEEE 802.15.4 and ZigBee 132
6.3 Characteristics of MAC Protocols in Sensor Networks 133
6.5.7 Energy Efficiency 133
6.3.2 Scalability 134
6.3.3 Adaptability 134
Contents
135
135
135
136
136
137
139
140
143
144
144
146
146
148
149
151
152
153
154
154
156
157
157
161
163
163
165
166
168
170
7.4.1 Sensor Protocols for Information via Negotiation 170
7.4.2 Directed Diffusion 172
7.4.3 Rumor Routing 174
7.4.4 Gradient-Based Routing 175
7.5 Proactive Routing 176
7.5.7 Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector 176
7.5.2 Optimized Link State Routing 177
7.6 On-Demand Routing 178
7.6.7 Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector 178
7.6.2 Dynamic Source Routing 179
7.7 Hierarchical Routing 180
7.8 Location-Based Routing 183
7.5.7 Unicast Location-Based Routing 183
7.8.2 Multicast Location-Based Routing 188
7.8.3 Geocasting 189
6.3.4 Low Latency and Predictability
6.3.5 Reliability
6.4 Contention-Free MAC Protocols
6.4.1 Characteristics
6.4.2 Traffic-Adaptive Medium Access
6.4.3 Y-MAC
6.4.4 DESYNC-TDMA
6.4.5 Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy
6.4.6 Lightweight Medium Access Control
6.5 Contention-Based MAC Protocols
6.5.7 Power Aware Multi-Access with Signaling
6.5.2 Sensor MAC
6.5.3 Timeout MAC
6.5.4 Pattern MAC
6.5.5 Routing-Enhanced MAC
6.5.6 Data-Gathering MAC
6.5.7 Preamble Sampling and WiseMAC
6.5.8 Receiver-Initiated MAC
6.6 Hybrid MAC Protocols
6.6.7 Zebra MAC
6.6.2 Mobility Adaptive Hybrid MAC
6.7 Summary
Exercises
References
7 Network Layer
7.1 Overview
7.2 Routing Metrics
7.2.7 Commonly Used Metrics
7.3 Flooding and Gossiping
7.4 Data-Centric Routing
Contents xi
7.9 QoS-Based Routing Protocols 192
7.9.7 Sequential Assignment Routing 192
7.9.2 SPEED 193
7.9.3 Multipath Multi-SPEED 194
7.10 Summary 196
Exercises 197
References 203
Part Three: NODE AND NETWORK MANAGEMENT
207
208
208
209
210
210
212
216
216
219
222
222
223
225
227
229
229
arks 231
9.2.7 Reasons for Time Synchronization 231
9.2.2 Challenges for Time Synchronization 232
9.3 Basics of Time Synchronization 234
9.3.1 Synchronization Messages 234
9.3.2 Nondeterminism of Communication Latency 236
9.4 Time Synchronization Protocols 237
9.4.1 Reference Broadcasts Using Global Sources of Time 237
9.4.2 Lightweight Tree-Based Synchronization 238
9.4.3 Timing-sync Protocol for Sensor Networks 239
9.4.4 Flooding Time Synchronization Protocol 240
9.4.5 Reference-Broadcast Synchronization 242
9.4.6 Time-Diffusion Synchronization Protocol 244
9.4.7 Mini-Sync and Tiny-Sync 245
Exercises 246
References 247
8 Power Management
8.1 Local Power Management Aspects
8.1.1 Processor Subsystem
8.1.2 Communication Subsystem
8.1.3 Bus Frequency and RAM Timing
8.1.4 Active Memory
8.1.5 Power Subsystem
8.2 Dynamic Power Management
8.2.7 Dynamic Operation Modes
8.2.2 Dynamic Scaling
8.2.3 Task Scheduling
8.3 Conceptual Architecture
8.3.1 Architectural Overview
Exercises
References
9 Time Synchronization
9.1 Clocks and the Synchronization Problem
9.2 Time Synchronization in Wireless Sensor N
Contents
10 Localization 249
10.1 Overview 249
10.2 Ranging Techniques 250
70.2.7 Time of Arrival 250
70.2.2 Time Difference of Arrival 251
70.2.3 Angle of Arrival 251
10.2.4 Received Signal Strength 252
10.3 Range-Based Localization 252
10.3.1 Triangulation 252
70.3.2 Trilateration 253
10.3.3 Iterative and Collaborative Multilateration 255
10.3.4 GPS-Based Localization 256
10.4 Range-Free Localization 258
70.4.7 Ad Hoc Positioning System (APS) 258
70.4.2 Approximate Point in Triangulation 259
10.4.3 Localization Based on Multidimensional Scaling 260
10.5 Event-Driven Localization 262
70.5.7 The Lighthouse Approach 262
10.5.2 Multi-Sequence Positioning 263
Exercises 264
References 266
11 Security 267
11.1 Fundamentals of Network Security 267
11.2 Challenges of Security in Wireless Sensor Networks 269
11.3 Security Attacks in Sensor Networks 270
11.3.1 Denial-of-Service 270
11.3.2 Attacks on Routing 272
11.3.3 Attacks on Transport Layer 272
77.5.4 Attacks on Data Aggregation 273
11.3.5 Privacy Attacks 273
11.4 Protocols and Mechanisms for Security 274
11.4.1 Symmetric and Public Key Cryptography 21A
11.4.2 Key Management 274
77.4.5 Defenses Against DoS Attacks 275
11.4.4 Defenses Against Aggregation Attacks 276
77.4.5 Defenses Against Routing Attacks 277
11.4.6 Security Protocols for Sensor Networks 278
77.4.7 Tiny Sec 279
11.4.8 Localized Encryption and Authentication Protocol 280
11.5 IEEE 802.15.4 and ZigBee Security 280
11.6 Summary 281
Exercises 282
References 283
Contents xiii
12 Sensor Network Programming 285
12.1 Challenges in Sensor Network Programming 285
12.2 Node-Centric Programming 286
12.2.1 nesC Language 286
72.2.2 TinyGALS 289
12.2.3 Sensor Network Application Construction Kit 291
72.2.4 Thread-Based Model 292
12.3 Macroprogramming 293
12.3.1 Abstract Regions 293
72.5.2 EnviroTrack 293
12.3.3 Database Approaches 294
12.4 Dynamic Reprogramming 295
12.5 Sensor Network Simulators 297
72.5.7 Network Simulator Tools and Environments 297
Exercises 299
References 300
Index 303
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
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| isbn | 9780470997659 |
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| spelling | Dargie, Waltenegus 1969- Verfasser (DE-588)131810316 aut Fundamentals of wireless sensor networks theory and practice Waltenegus Dargie ; Christian Poellabauer 1. publ. Chichester Wiley 2010 XVIII, 311 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Wiley series on wireless communications and mobile computing Drahtloses Sensorsystem (DE-588)4789222-5 gnd rswk-swf Drahtloses Sensorsystem (DE-588)4789222-5 s DE-604 Poellabauer, Christian Verfasser aut HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020432901&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
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| subject_GND | (DE-588)4789222-5 |
| title | Fundamentals of wireless sensor networks theory and practice |
| title_auth | Fundamentals of wireless sensor networks theory and practice |
| title_exact_search | Fundamentals of wireless sensor networks theory and practice |
| title_full | Fundamentals of wireless sensor networks theory and practice Waltenegus Dargie ; Christian Poellabauer |
| title_fullStr | Fundamentals of wireless sensor networks theory and practice Waltenegus Dargie ; Christian Poellabauer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fundamentals of wireless sensor networks theory and practice Waltenegus Dargie ; Christian Poellabauer |
| title_short | Fundamentals of wireless sensor networks |
| title_sort | fundamentals of wireless sensor networks theory and practice |
| title_sub | theory and practice |
| topic | Drahtloses Sensorsystem (DE-588)4789222-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Drahtloses Sensorsystem |
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