Health economics and financing:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Hoboken, NJ
Wiley
2010
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| Ausgabe: | 4. ed. |
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXV, 470 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9780470469019 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Health economics and financing |c Thomas E. Getzen |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804141228364660736 |
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| adam_text | HEALTH ECONOMICS AND FINANCING FOURTH EDITION THOMKS E. GETZEN TEMPLE
UNIVERSITY WILEY JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. PREFACE XXI ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
XXIII ABOUT THE AUTHOR XXIII FOREWORD 1 CHOICES: MONEY, MEDICINE, AND
HEALTH L QUESTIONS 1 1.1 WHAT IS ECONOMICS? 2 TERMS OF TRADE 2 , CAN WE
PAY SOMEBODY TO CARE? 3 FINANCING HEALTH CARE 4 VALUE 5 1.2 THE FLOW
OF FUNDS 5 HEALTH CARE SPENDING IN THE UNITED STATES 6 SOURCES OF
FINANCING 8 HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS: THE USES OF FUNDS 10 1.3 ECONOMIC
PRINCIPLES AS CONCEPTUAL TOOLS 11 SCARCITY (BUDGET CONSTRAINTS) 11
OPPORTUNITY COST 11 WILLINGNESS TO PAY 12 TRADE 12 MONEY FLOWS IN A
CIRCLE 12 MAXIMIZATION: MARGINAL COSTS AND MARGINAL BENEFITS 12 CHOICE:
ARE BENEFITS GREATER THAN COSTS? 12 INVESTMENT 13 CONTRACTS: COMPLEX
EXCHANGES TO DEAL WITH TIMING AND RISK 13 ORGANIZATIONS ADAPT AND EVOLVE
14 1.4 HEALTH ECONOMICS: WHAT MAKES MEDICINE DIFFERENT? 14 ILLNESS IS
CONTINGENT, URGENT, UNCERTAIN 14 HEALTH IS PRICELESS 15 VU VIII CONTENTS
HEALTH AFFECTS THE VALUE OF ALL OTHER GOODS 15 HAVING MORE DOES NOT
REDUCE THE VALUE OF HEALTH 15 DYNAMIC CHANGE, DRIVEN BY RESEARCH AND
TECHNOLOGY 15 DIFFERENCES OVER TIME AND PLACE ARE LARGER THAN THE
CHOICES PATIENTS FACE 16 QUALITY, NOT QUANTITY 16 QUALITY IS HARD TO
MEASURE, AND NOT ADDITIVE 16 INDIVIDUAL CHOICES: LIFESTYLE MATTERS MORE
THAN MEDICINE 17 HEALTH RISKS ARE MORE PUBLIC THAN PRIVATE 17 PERSONAL
TASTES AND PREFERENCES ARE SECONDARY 17 1.5 RESEARCH, TEACHING, AND
CHARITY: SHIFTING OVERHEAD 17 1.6 EQUITY AND DISTRIBUTION 18 1.7 WHOSE
CHOICES: PERSONAL, GROUP, OR PUBLIC? 19 1.8 SOCIAL SCIENCE AND RATIONAL
CHOICE THEORY 21 SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING 22 SUMMARY 22 PROBLEMS
23 ENDNOTES 24 *; T DEMAND AND SUPPLY 26 QUESTIONS 26 2.1 THE DEMAND
CURVE 26 THE DIAMONDS-WATER PARADOX: AN EXAMPLE OF MARGINAL ANALYSIS 27
CONSUMER SURPLUS: MARGINAL VERSUS AVERAGE VALUE OF MEDICINE 28 CETERIS
PARIBUS 30 INDIVIDUAL, FIRM, AND MARKET DEMAND CURVES 30 2.2 THE SUPPLY
CURVE 30 MARGINAL REVENUE 3 1 2.3 PRICE SENSITIVITY 32 PRICE ELASTICITY
AND MARGINAL REVENUE 33 PRICE DISCRIMINATION 34 2.4 IS MONEY THE ONLY
PRICE? 35 THE LABOR-LEISURE CHOICE 36 2.5 INPUTS AND PRODUCTION
FUNCTIONS 37 MARGINAL PRODUCTIVITY 37 PRODUCTION FUNCTIONS 37 CONTENTS
IX 2.6 MARKETS: THE INTERSECTION OF DEMAND AND SUPPLY 38 2.7 NEED VERSUS
DEMAND 39 2.8 THE PRODUCTION OF HEALTH 40 HOW MUCH IS A DOCTOR VISIT
WORTH? 41 THE DEMAND FOR MEDICAL CARE IS DERIVED DEMAND 41 THE DEMAND
FOR HEALTH: WHAT MAKES MEDICAL CARE DIFFERENT 42 2.9 EFFICIENCY 42
SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING 44 ; SUMMARY 44 PROBLEMS 46 ENDNOTES 47
3 COST-BENEFIT AND COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS 48 ^QUESTIONS 48 3.1
COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS IS ABOUT MAKING CHOICES 49 AN EVERYDAY EXAMPLE:
KNEE INJURY 49 STEPWISE CHOICES: YES-6R NO? HOW MUCH? 52 CALCULATING
MARGINAL AND AVERAGE COSTS 53 DENNING MARGINAL: WHAT IS THE DECISION? 54
OPPORTUNITY COST: LOOKING AT ALTERNATIVES 57 EXPECTED VALUE 58 3.2
MAXIMIZATION: FINDING THE OPTIMUM 59 DECLINING MARGINAL BENEFITS 60
OPTIMIZATION: MAXIMUM NET BENEFITS 60 WHY MARGINALS ARE THE MAX, AND
AVERAGES ARE MISLEADING 61 3.3 MEASURING BENEFITS 62 HEALTH 62
PRODUCTIVITY 63 REDUCTIONS IN FUTURE MEDICAL COSTS 63 3.4 MEASURING
COSTS 64 MEDICAL CARE AND ADMINISTRATION: CHARGES VERSUS COSTS 64
FOLLOW-UP AND TREATMENT 64 TIME AND PAIN OF PATIENT AND FAMILY 65
PROVIDER TIME AND INCONVENIENCE 65 3.5 EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE 65 3.6
THE VALUE OF LIFE 66 3.7 QUALITY-ADJUSTED LIFE YEARS (QALYS) 68
DISCOUNTING OVER TIME 69 QALY LEAGUE TABLES 69 X CONTENTS 3.8
PERSPECTIVES: PATIENT, PAYER, GOVERNMENT, PROVIDER, SOCIETY 71
DISTRIBUTION: WHOSE COSTS AND WHOSE BENEFITS? 71 CBA IS A LIMITED
PERSPECTIVE 72 CBA AND PUBLIC POLICY DECISION MAKING 72 SUGGESTIONS FOR
FURTHER READING 72 SUMMARY 73 PROBLEMS 74 ENDNOTES 76 V 4 HEALTH
INSURANCE: FINANCING MEDICAL CARE 79 QUESTIONS 79 4.1 METHODSFOR
COVERING RISKS 80 SAVINGS 80 FAMILY AND FRIENDS 80 CHARITY 80 PRIVATE
MARKET INSURANCE CONTRACTS 81 SOCIAL INSURANCE. 82 STRENGTHS AND
WEAKNESSES OF DIFFERENT FORMS OF RISK SPREADING *;82 4.2 INSURANCE:
THIRD-PARTY PAYMENT 83 WHY THIRD-PARTY PAYMENT? 84 VARIABILITY 85
THIRD-PARTY TRANSACTIONS 86 WHO PAYS? HOW MUCH? 87 HOW ARE BENEFITS
DETERMINED? 88 4.3 RISK AVERSION 88 4.4 ADVERSE SELECTION 90 4.5 MORAL
HAZARD 92 WELFARE LOSSES DUE TO MORAL HAZARD 94 4.6 TAX BENEFITS 95 4.7
EFFECTS OF HEALTH INSURANCE ON LABOR MARKETS 96 4.8 HISTORY OF HEALTH
INSURANCE 97 4.9 FINANCING HEALTH CARE: INSURANCE AS A FUNDING MECHANISM
100 ENTITLEMENTS: OPEN OR CLOSED FINANCING? 100 SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER
READING 101 SUMMARY 102 PROBLEMS 103 ENDNOTES 105 CONTENTS XI INSURANCE
CONTRACTS AND MANAGED CARE 108 QUESTIONS ,108 5.1 TYPES OF INSURANCE
PLANS 108 MEDICARE 109 EMPLOYER-BASED GROUP HEALTH INSURANCE 109
SELF-PAID PRIVATE INSURANCE 112 MEDICAID 112 OTHER GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS
AND CHARITY 11 2 THE UNINSURED 112 STATE CHILDREN S HEALTH INSURANCE
PROGRAM 113 5.2 HSAS, MEDICAL SAVINGS ACCOUNTS, AND HIGH-DEDUCTIBLE
CONSUMER-DRIVEN HEALTH PLANS 113 DEFINED CONTRIBUTION HEALTH PLANS 114
HIGH-DEDUCTIBLE INSURANCE 115 5.3 A RANGE OF RISK BEARING: FIXED
PREMIUMS, ADMINISTERED SERVICES ONLY, AND SELF-INSURANCE 116 THE
UNDERWRITING CYCLE 117 ERISA, TAXES, AND MANDATED BENEFITS 118 5.4
MANAGED CARE PLANS 119 WHY MANAGED CARE? .119 MANAGEMENT: THE
DISTINCTIVE FEATURE OF MANAGED CARE 120 CONTRACTUAL REFORMS TO REDUCE
COSTS 121 A FOURTH WAY: REFORMING THE ORGANIZATION TO REDUCE COST 122
MEDICAL LOSS RATIOS 123 5.5 THE RANGE OF MANAGED CARE PLANS 124 PROVIDER
NETWORKS 124 GATEKEEPING 125 CAPITATION 125 WITHHOLDS 127 UTILIZATION
REVIEW 127 5.6 MANAGED COMPETITION AND THE FEHBP 128 5.7 INCENTIVES*TO
PATIENTS, TO PAYERS, AND TO PROVIDERS 128 SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER
READING 129 SUMMARY 130 PROBLEMS 131 ENDNOTES 133 XU CONTENTS 6
PHYSICIANS 135 QUESTIONS 135 6.1 FINANCING PHYSICIAN SERVICES: REVENUES
135 COPAYS, ASSIGNMENT, AND BALANCE BILLING 139 PHYSICIAN PAYMENT IN
MANAGED CARE PLANS 140 INCENTIVES: WHY DIFFERENCES IN THE TYPE OF
PAYMENT MATTER 141 A PROGRESSION: FROM PRICES TO REIMBURSEMENT
MECHANISMS 141 6.2 PHYSICIAN INCOMES 142 6.3 PHYSICIAN FINANCING:
EXPENSES 143 PHYSICIAN PRACTICE EXPENSES 143 THE LABOR-LEISURE CHOICE
144 THE DOCTOR S WORKSHOP AND UNPAID HOSPITAL INPUTS 145 MALPRACTICE 146
6.4 THE TRANSACTION BETWEEN DOCTOR AND PATIENT 146 ASYMMETRIC
INFORMATION 147 AGENCY: WHOSE CHOICES? 147 6.5 UNCERTAINTY*- 148 6.6
LICENSURE: QUALITY OR PROFITS? 148 HOW DOES LICENSURE INCREASE PHYSICIAN
PROFITS? 149 SUPPLY AND DEMAND RESPONSE IN LICENSED VERSUS UNLICENSED
PROFESSIONS 15 0 HOW DOES LICENSURE IMPROVE QUALITY? 151 A TEST OF THE
QUALITY HYPOTHESIS: STRONG VERSUS WEAK LICENSURE 152 SUGGESTIONS FOR
FURTHER READING 153 SUMMARY 153 PROBLEMS 154 ENDNOTES 155 7 MEDICAL
EDUCATION, ORGANIZATION, AND BUSINESS PRACTICES 157 QUESTIONS 157 7.1
MEDICAL EDUCATION 157 7.2 THE ORIGINS OF LICENSURE AND LINKAGE TO
MEDICAL EDUCATION 158 AMA CONTROLS OVER PHYSICIAN SUPPLY, 1930-1965 159
BREAKING THE CONTRACT: THE GREAT MEDICAL STUDENT EXPANSION OF 1970-1980
161 CONTENTS XIII BUILDING PRESSURE: FIXED DOMESTIC GRADUATION RATES
1980-2008 162 7.3 ADJUSTING PHYSICIAN SUPPLY 162 - THE FLOW OF NEW
ENTRANTS AND THE STOCK OF PHYSICIANS 162 IMMIGRATION OF INTERNATIONAL
MEDICAL GRADUATES 163 GROWTH IN NON-M.D. PHYSICIANS 163 BALANCING SUPPLY
AND INCOMES: TRACING THE PAST AND PROJECTING THE FUTURE 164 7.4 GROUP
PRACTICE: HOW ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY AFFECT TRANSACTIONS 165 ~ 7.5
KICKBACKS, SELF-DEALING, AND SIDE PAYMENTS 167 7.6 PRICE DISCRIMINATION
169 7.7 PRACTICE VARIATIONS 171 7.8 INSURANCE, PRICE COMPETITION, AND
THE STRUCTURE OF MEDICAL MARKETS 174 7.9 CHOICES BY AND FOR PHYSICIANS
176 SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING 176 SUMMARY 177 PROBLEMS 178
ENDNOTES 182 *. F * 8 HOSPITALS 184 QUESTIONS 184 8.1 FROM CHARITABLE
INSTITUTIONS TO CORPORATE CHAINS: DEVELOPMENT OF THE MODERN HOSPITAL 184
8.2 HOSPITAL FINANCING: REVENUES 186 SOURCES OF REVENUES 186 8.3
HOSPITAL FINANCING: EXPENSES 192 8.4 FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT AND COST
SHIFTING 192 8.5 HOW DO HOSPITALS COMPETE? 196 COMPETING FOR PATIENTS
196 COMPETING FOR PHYSICIANS 197 COMPETING FOR CONTRACTS 197 MEASURING
COMPETITIVE SUCCESS 198 MEASURING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF MARKETS 199 8.6
ORGANIZATION: WHO CONTROLS THE HOSPITAL AND FOR WHAT ENDS? 199
SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING 201 SUMMARY 201 PROBLEMS 202 ENDNOTES 20
4 XIV CONTENTS 9 MANAGEMENT AND REGULATION OF HOSPITAL COSTS 206
QUESTIONS 206 9.1 WHY DO SOME HOSPITALS COST MORE THAN OTHERS? 206 9.2
HOW MANAGEMENT CONTROLS COSTS 207 SHORT-RUN VERSUS LONG-RUN COST
FUNCTIONS 207 UNCERTAINTY AND BUDGETING 209 9.3 CONFLICT BETWEEN
ECONOMIC THEORY AND ACCOUNTING MEASURES OF PER UNIT COST 211 TIMING 211
WHOSE COSTS? 213 9.4 ECONOMIES OF SCALE 214 THE HOSPITAL IS A
MULTIPRODUCT FIRM 215 CONTRACTING OUT 215 9.5 QUALITY AND COST 215
TECHNOLOGY: CUTTING COSTS OR ENHANCING QUALITY? 215 IMPROVED EFFICIENCY
MAY RAISE TOTAL SPENDING 216 9.6 CONTROLLING.HOSPITAL COSTS THROUGH
REGULATION 217 SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING 220 SUMMARY 220 *
PROBLEMS 221 ENDNOTES 223 10 LONG-TERM CARE 224 QUESTIONS 224 10.1
DEVELOPMENT OF THE LONG-TERM CARE MARKET 225 10.2 DEFINING LTC: TYPES OF
CARE 227 10.3 MEDICAID: NURSING HOMES AS A TWO-PART MARKET 229 10.4
CERTIFICATE OF NEED: WHOSE NEEDS? 232 MONEY AND QUALITY 232 COMPETING
FOR CERTIFICATES OF NEED, NOT FOR PATIENTS 232 EVIDENCE ON THE EFFECTS
OF CON 233 10.5 CASE-MIX REIMBURSEMENT 234 10.6 SUBSTITUTION 235 10.7
FINANCIAL REIMBURSEMENT CYCLES 237 10.8 THE EFFECTS OF AGING ON COST AND
UTILIZATION 239 AGE AND HEALTH CARE SPENDING 239 DEFINING BOUNDARIES: IS
LONG-TERM CARE MEDICAL ? 240 CONTENTS XV ETC INSURANCE 241 CONTINUING
CARE RETIREMENT COMMUNITIES AND THE WEALTHY ELDERLY 242 SUGGESTIONS FOR
FURTHER READING 243 SUMMARY 244 PROBLEMS 245 ENDNOTES 246 11
PHARMACEUTICALS 248 QUESTIONS 248 V 11.1 PHARMACEUTICAL REVENUES:
SOURCES OF FINANCING 249 INPATIENT PHARMACEUTICALS 251 11.2 USES OF
FUNDS 251 RETAIL PHARMACIES 252 WHOLESALERS 253 INSURANCE COMPANIES AND
PBMS 253 PHARMACEUTICAL FIRMS 253 COST STRUCTURE 255 11.3 HISTORY AND
REGULATION OF PHARMACEUTICALS 255 11.4 RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 259 11.5
PHARMACOECONOMICS AND TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT 261 11.6 INDUSTRY STRUCTURE
AND COMPETITION 262 MEDICARE D: AN EXPERIMENT IN RATIONAL CHOICE 263
MARKET SEGMENTATION: TYPES OF BUYERS 264 CONTRACTUAL RESPONSES TO
PHARMACY BENEFITS MANAGEMENT 264 VALUE AND COST 265 THE ROLE OF
MIDDLEMEN: DISTRIBUTION VERSUS MARKETING 266 RESEARCH PRODUCTIVITY 268
11.7 TRENDS: FORM FOLLOWS FUNCTION (AND MONEY) 270 SUGGESTIONS FOR
FURTHER READING 270 SUMMARY 271 PROBLEMS 272 ENDNOTES 273 12 CAPITAL
FINANCING AND OWNERSHIP OF HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS 275 QUESTIONS 275 12.1
WHAT IS CAPITAL FINANCING? 275 12.2 VALUE AND RATE OF RETURN 276 XVI
CONTENTS THE TIME VALUE OF MONEY 276 INTEREST RATES AND PRESENT VALUE
277 IRR: THE INTERNAL RATE OF RETURN 278 HUMAN CAPITAL: MEDICAL
EDUCATION AS AN INVESTMENT 280 RISK 281 VALUING ASSETS 283 12.3
UNCORRELATED (INDEPENDENT) AND CORRELATED (SYSTEM) RISKS 284 WHICH IS
RISKIER: NURSING HOMES OR DRUG COMPANIES? 285 V - ASSESSING BUSINESS
RISK 285 12.4 OWNERSHIP AND AGENCY 287 EQUITY AND DEBT 287 WHO OWNS THE
BUSINESS? WHO OWNS THE PATIENT? AGENCY ISSUES 288 THE ROLE OF FINANCIAL
INTERMEDIARIES 289 HEALTH INSURERS AS FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES 290 12.5
CAPITAL FINANCING: HOSPITALS 290 12.6 HMO OWNERSHIP AND CAPITAL MARKETS:
SUCCESS AND FAILURE *;293 BUSINESS RISKS FOJ AN HMO 293 KAISER HEALTH
PLAN: THE EVOLUTION OF AN HMO 294 GHA: A CONSUMER CO-OP GETS BOUGHT OUT
BY A FRANCHISE CHAIN 296 12.7 CORPORATE ADVANTAGE 297 U.S. HEALTHCARE: A
PROFITABLE GROWTH COMPANY 298 SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING 300
SUMMARY 300 PROBLEMS 302 ENDNOTES - 303 13 MACROECONOMICS OF MEDICAL
CARE 305 QUESTIONS 305 13.1 WHAT IS MACRO? 305 MICRO AND MACRO
PERSPECTIVES ON SPENDING 306 13.2 THE CONSUMPTION FUNCTION 307 THE
PERMANENT INCOME HYPOTHESIS 309 SHARED INCOME 310 PUBLIC AND PRIVATE
DECISIONS 311 BUDGET CONSTRAINTS: BORDERS THAT MATTER 312 CONTENTS XVII
13.3 ADJUSTING TO CHANGE: DYNAMICS 312 PERMANENT INCOME AND ADJUSTMENT
OF HEALTH SPENDING TO GDP 314 ADJUSTMENT TO INFLATION 315 ADJUSTMENT TO
GDP: RATES OF CHANGE AND TIME SERIES ANALYSIS 318 13.4 FORECASTING
FUTURE HEALTH EXPENDITURES 319 13.5 COST CONTROLS: SPENDING GAPS AND THE
PUSH TO REGULATE 320 CAPACITY CONSTRAINTS AND BUDGET CONSTRAINTS 322
13.6 WORKFORCE DYNAMICS: SPENDING IS MOSTLY LABOR 323 EMPLOYMENT 323
WAGES 327 SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING 328 SUMMARY 328 PROBLEMS 329
ENDNOTES 331 14 THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT- 333 QUESTIONS 333 ** 14.1
GOVERNMENT HEALTH FINANCING 333 14.2 THE ROLES OF GOVERNMENT 335
GOVERNMENT IS NECESSARY, EVEN FOR PRIVATE EXCHANGE 335 EFFICIENCY OF
MARKETS UNDER CONDITIONS OF PERFECT COMPETITION 336 GOVERNMENT IN A
MIXED ECONOMY 337 14.3 LAW AND ORDER 337 14.4 PUBLIC GOODS AND
EXTERNALITIES 338 EXTERNALITIES 339 THE COASE THEOREM: TRANSACTION COSTS
AND PROPERTY RIGHTS 339 POLITICIANS: ENTREPRENEURS WHO TRY TO GET VOTES
340 14.5 MARKET FAILURE 341 MONOPOLY 341 PATERNALISM 342 14.6
REDISTRIBUTION AND CARE OF THE POOR 343 MEDICAID AND MEDICARE:
DEPENDENCY OR RIGHTS? 343 14.7 HOW GOVERNMENT WORKS 344 THE VOLUNTARY
SECTOR 345 GOVERNMENT AS THE CITIZEN S AGENT 346 WINNERS AND LOSERS 348
XV111 CONTENTS 14.8 PROS AND CONS OF REGULATION AND COMPETITION 348
SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING 350 SUMMARY 350 PROBLEMS 351 ENDNOTES
352 15 PUBLIC GOODS AND PUBLIC HEALTH 354 QUESTIONS 354 15.1
CHARACTERISTICS OF PUBLIC GOODS 354 PRIVATIZING PUBLIC GOODS 355 SOCIAL
COSTS DEPEND ON THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE 356 INSURANCE MAKES ANY GOOD MORE
PUBLIC 35 6 15.2 INFORMATION 357 RATIONAL CONSUMER IGNORANCE 358 MILK OR
BREAD: WHICH IS MORE PUBLIC? 358 15.3 THE THEORY OF PURE PUBLIC GOODS
359 PUBLIC GOODS MAKE MOST PEOPLE BETTER OFF, BUT FEW HAPPY 361 15.4
INFECTIOUS DISEASE EXTERNALITIES 363 EPIDEMICS 363 HIV/AIDS .364 THE
SANITARY REVOLUTION: A MORAL CAMPAIGN FOR PUBLIC HEALTH 365 FORMATION OF
THE U.S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 366 15.5 SEX, DRUGS, AND WAR: PUBLIC
HEALTH IN ACTION 366 WHO COUNTS AS A CITIZEN? ABORTION AND OTHER
DILEMMAS 367 ADDICTION 368 WAR AND PUBLIC HEALTH 369 SUGGESTIONS FOR
FURTHER READING 370 SUMMARY 370 PROBLEMS 371 ENDNOTES 371 16 HISTORY,
DEMOGRAPHY, AND THE GROWTH OF MODERN MEDICINE 373 QUESTIONS 373 16.1
ECONOMIC GROWTH HAS DETERMINED THE SHAPE OF HEALTH CARE 373 16.2 BIRTH
RATES, DEATH RATES, AND POPULATION GROWTH 374 16.3 THE STONE AGE 374
CONTENTS XIX 16.4 THE AGRICULTURAL AGE 375 INVESTMENT AND TRADE 376
CIVILIZATION, WAR, AND GOVERNMENT 376 THE DECLINE OF CIVILIZATIONS LEADS
TO POPULATION DECLINES 377 THE PLAGUE 378 FOOD SUPPLY DETERMINES
POPULATION 378 THE RISE OF ECONOMICS 378 THE MALTHUSIAN HYPOTHESIS 379
16.5 THE INDUSTRIAL AGE 380 WHY MALTHUS WAS WRONG 381 DEMOGRAPHIC
TRANSITION 382 DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE, INCOME DISTRIBUTION, AND THE RISE OF
THE MIDDLE CLASSES 383 16.6 THE INFORMATION AGE 384 16.7 INCOME AND
HEALTH 385 16.8 REDUCING UNCERTAINTY: THE VALUE OF LIFE AND ECONOMIC
SECURITY 387 THE VALUE OF RISK REDUCTION 388 SOCIAL SECURITY AND HEALTH
INSURANCE 389 16.9 THE RISE OF MODERN MEDICINE 389 PRECONDITIONS FOR
CHANGE 390 THE GROWTH OF MEDICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 390 DID BETTER
MEDICAL CARE INCREASE LIFE EXPECTANCY? 392 SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER
READING 393 SUMMARY 393 PROBLEMS 395 ENDNOTES 396 17 INTERNATIONAL
COMPARISONS OF HEALTH AND HEALTH EXPENDITURES 399 QUESTIONS 339 17.1
WIDE DIFFERENCES AMONG NATIONS 399 SIZE OF THE MARKET 401 17.2 MICRO
VERSUS MACRO ALLOCATION: HEALTH AS A NATIONAL LUXURY GOOD 402 17.3
CAUSALITY: DOES MORE SPENDING IMPROVE HEALTH? 404 17.4 LOW-INCOME
COUNTRIES 405 SUDAN 406 HEALTH CARE IN KENYA 408 XX CONTENTS 17.5
MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES 409 THE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM OF MEXICO 410 POLAND
411 17.6 HIGH-INCOME COUNTRIES 413 JAPAN 413 THE HEALTH SYSTEM IN
GERMANY 417 THE EXPENSIVE EXCEPTION: THE UNITED STATES 421 1 7.7
INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN HEALTH CARE 422 PEOPLE AND IDEAS 422 * SERVICES
423 EQUIPMENT 423 PHARMACEUTICALS 423 SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING
425 SUMMARY 425 PROBLEMS 426 ENDNOTES 426 L8 VALUE FOR MONEY IN THE
FUTURE OF HEALTH CARE 429 QUESTIONS 429 18.1 FORCING THE QUESTION: WHO
GETS HEALTHY AND WHO GETS PAID? 429 18.2 SPENDING MONEY OR PRODUCING
HEALTH? 431 18.3 DYNAMIC EFFICIENCY 432 18.4 DISTRIBUTION, DISTRIBUTION,
DISTRIBUTION 434 18.5 PATH DEPENDENCE AND THE POSSIBILITIES FOR REFORM
435 HOW DID WE GET HERE? 435 WHAT DID MEDICINE MISS? 436 WHAT WENT
WRONG? NOTABLE FAILURES AND UNRESOLVED DILEMMAS 436 18.6 THE PATH
FORWARD: STEP BY STEP 439 WHAT MIGHT WORK? 439 18.7 THE SHAPE OF HEALTH
CARE SPENDING TO COME 441 18.8 THE LONG RUN: 2050 AND BEYOND 442
SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING 443 SUMMARY 443 PROBLEMS 444 ENDNOTES
445 GLOSSARY 447 INDEX 457
|
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| author | Getzen, Thomas E. |
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| dewey-ones | 338 - Production |
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| dewey-search | 338.4/33621 |
| dewey-sort | 3338.4 533621 |
| dewey-tens | 330 - Economics |
| discipline | Wirtschaftswissenschaften |
| edition | 4. ed. |
| format | Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)4123623-3 Lehrbuch gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Lehrbuch |
| id | DE-604.BV036121414 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T22:12:32Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780470469019 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2009033765 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-019011385 |
| oclc_num | 699956873 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-703 DE-521 |
| owner_facet | DE-703 DE-521 |
| physical | XXV, 470 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2010 |
| publishDateSearch | 2010 |
| publishDateSort | 2010 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Getzen, Thomas E. Verfasser (DE-588)170516148 aut Health economics and financing Thomas E. Getzen 4. ed. Hoboken, NJ Wiley 2010 XXV, 470 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Medical economics Medical care, Cost of Flow of funds Gesundheitsökonomie (DE-588)4130935-2 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4123623-3 Lehrbuch gnd-content Gesundheitsökonomie (DE-588)4130935-2 s DE-604 GBV Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=019011385&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Getzen, Thomas E. Health economics and financing Medical economics Medical care, Cost of Flow of funds Gesundheitsökonomie (DE-588)4130935-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4130935-2 (DE-588)4123623-3 |
| title | Health economics and financing |
| title_auth | Health economics and financing |
| title_exact_search | Health economics and financing |
| title_full | Health economics and financing Thomas E. Getzen |
| title_fullStr | Health economics and financing Thomas E. Getzen |
| title_full_unstemmed | Health economics and financing Thomas E. Getzen |
| title_short | Health economics and financing |
| title_sort | health economics and financing |
| topic | Medical economics Medical care, Cost of Flow of funds Gesundheitsökonomie (DE-588)4130935-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Medical economics Medical care, Cost of Flow of funds Gesundheitsökonomie Lehrbuch |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=019011385&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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