Green chemistry: an introductory text
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| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Cambridge
RSC Publ.
2010
|
| Edition: | 2. ed. |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XV, 328 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9781847558732 |
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MARC
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804141210579763200 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Green chemistry
Autor: Lancaster, Mike
Jahr: 2010
Contents
Chapter 1 Principles and Concepts of Green Chemistry 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Sustainable Development and Green Chemistry 3
1.2.1 Green Engineering 4
1.3 Atom Economy 7
1.4 Atom Economic Reactions 9
1.4.1 Rearrangement Reactions 9
1.4.2 Addition Reactions 11
1.5 Atom Un-economic Reactions 13
1.5.1 Substitution Reactions 13
1.5.2 Elimination Reactions 15
1.5.3 Wittig Reactions 16
1.6 Reducing Toxicity 17
1.6.1 Measuring Toxicity 19
Review Questions 21
Further Reading 22
Chapter 2 Waste: Production, Problems, and Prevention 23
2.1 Introduction 23
2.2 Some Problems Caused by Waste 25
2.3 Sources of Waste from the Chemical Industry 26
2.4 Cost of Waste 29
2.5 Waste Minimization Techniques 33
2.5.1 The Team Approach to Waste Minimization 34
2.5.2 Process Design for Waste Minimization 36
2.5.3 Minimizing Waste from Existing Processes 38
xii Contents
2.6 On-site Waste Treatment 39
2.6.1 Physical Treatment 41
2.6.2 Chemical Treatment 42
2.6.3 Biotreatment Plants 46
2.7 Design for Degradation 47
2.7.1 Degradation and Surfactants 48
2.7.2 DDT 49
2.7.3 Polymers 50
2.7.4 Some Rules for Degradation 51
2.8 Polymer Recycling 52
2.8.1 Separation and Sorting 53
2.8.2 Incineration 55
2.8.3 Mechanical Recycling 56
2.8.4 Chemical Recycling to Monomers 57
Review Questions 60
Further Reading 60
Chapter 3 Measuring and Controlling Environmental Performance 61
3.1 The Importance of Measurement 61
3.1.1 Lactic Acid Production 62
3.1.2 Safer Gasoline 65
3.2 Introduction to Life Cycle Assessment 66
3.2.1 Four Stages of LCA 68
3.2.2 Carbon Footprinting 72
3.3 Green Process Metrics 74
3.4 Environmental Management Systems (EMS) 77
3.4.1 ISO 14001 77
3.4.2 The European Eco-Management and Audit
Scheme (EM AS) 81
3.5 Eco-Labels 82
3.6 Legislation 83
3.6.1 Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control
(IPPC) 84
3.6.2 REACH 87
Review Questions 88
Further Reading 89
Chapter 4 Catalysis and Green Chemistry 90
4.1 Introduction to Catalysis 90
4.1.1 Comparison of Catalyst Types 92
4.2 Heterogeneous Catalysts 94
4.2.1 Basics of Heterogeneous Catalysis 94
4.2.2 Zeolites and the Bulk Chemical Industry 97
Contents
4.2.3 Heterogeneous Catalysis in the Fine Chemical
and Pharmaceutical Industries 105
4.2.4 Catalytic Converters 114
4.3 Homogeneous Catalysts 117
4.3.1 Transition Metal Catalysts with Phosphine or
Carbonyl Ligands 117
4.3.2 Greener Lewis Acids 121
4.3.3 Asymmetric Catalysis 122
4.4 Phase Transfer Catalysis 128
4.4.1 Hazard Reduction 129
4.4.2 C-C Bond Formation 130
4.4.3 Oxidation using Hydrogen Peroxide 131
4.5 Biocatalysis 132
4.6 Photocatalysis 135
4.7 Conclusions 137
Review Questions 137
Further Reading 138
Chapter 5 Organic Solvents: Environmentally Benign Solutions 139
5.1 Organic Solvents and Volatile Organic Compounds 139
5.2 Solvent-free Systems 141
5.3 Supercritical Fluids 144
5.3.1 Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (SCCO2) 146
5.3.2 Supercritical Water 156
5.4 Water as a Reaction Solvent 157
5.4.1 Water Based Coatings 162
5.5 Ionic Liquids 163
5.5.1 Ionic Liquids as Catalysts 165
5.5.2 Ionic Liquids as Solvents 166
5.6 Fluorous Biphase Solvents 170
5.7 Comparing Greenness of Solvents 172
5.8 Conclusions 173
Review Questions 174
Further Reading 174
Chapter 6 Renewable Resources 175
6.1 Biomass as a Renewable Resource 175
6.2 Energy 175
6.2.1 Fossil Fuels 175
6.2.2 Energy from Biomass 179
6.2.3 Solar Power 186
6.2.4 Other Forms of Renewable Energy 188
6.2.5 Fuel Cells 189
Contents
6.3 Chemicals from Renewable Feedstocks 194
6.3.1 Chemicals from Fatty Acids 196
6.3.2 Polymers from Renewable Resources 204
6.3.3 Some Other Chemicals from Natural
Resources 210
6.4 Alternative Economies 215
6.4.1 Syngas Economy 216
6.4.2 Hydrogen Economy 217
6.5 Biorefinery 218
6.6 Conclusions 219
Review Questions 220
Further Reading 220
Chapter 7 Emerging Greener Technologies and Alternative Energy
Sources 221
7.1 Design for Energy Efficiency 221
7.2 Photochemical Reactions 224
7.2.1 Advantages of and Challenges Faced by
Photochemical Processes 225
7.2.2 Examples of Photochemical Reactions 227
7.3 Chemistry using Microwaves 231
7.3.1 Microwave Heating 231
7.3.2 Microwave-assisted Reactions 232
7.4 Sonochemistry 236
7.4.1 Sonochemistry and Green Chemistry 237
7.5 Electrochemical Synthesis 239
7.5.1 Examples of Electrochemical Synthesis 241
7.6 Conclusions 244
Review Questions 244
Further Reading 245
Designing Greener Processes 246
8.1 Introduction 246
8.2 Conventional Reactors 247
8.2.1 Batch Reactors 247
8.2.2 Continuous Reactors 250
8.3 Inherently Safer Design 252
8.3.1 Minimization 254
8.3.2 Simplification 255
8.3.3 Substitution 255
8.3.4 Moderation 256
8.3.5 Limitation 257
8.4 Process Intensification 258
Contents xv
8.4.1 Some PI Equipment 260
8.4.2 Some Example of Intensified Processes 263
8.5 In-process Monitoring 266
8.5.1 Near-infrared Spectroscopy 268
8.6 Process Safety 269
Review Questions 270
Further Reading 270
Chapter 9 Industrial Case Studies 271
9.1 Introduction 271
9.2 Methyl Methacrylate 271
9.3 Greening of Acetic Acid Manufacture 273
9.4 EPDM Rubbers 277
9.5 Vitamin C 280
9.6 Leather Manufacture 282
9.6.1 Tanning 284
9.6.2 Fatliquoring 288
9.7 Dyeing to be Green 288
9.7.1 Some Manufacturing Improvements 289
9.7.2 Dye Application 292
9.8 Polyethylene 293
9.8.1 Radical Process 293
9.8.2 Ziegler-Natta Catalysis 294
9.8.3 Metallocene Catalysis 295
9.8.4 Post Metallocene Catalysts 297
9.9 Eco-friendly Pesticides 298
9.9.1 Insecticides 298
9.10 Epichlorohydrin 301
Review Questions 302
Chapter 10 The Future s Green: An Integrated Approach to a Greener
Chemical Industry 304
304
305
307
309
311
312
312
313
314
10.1 Society and Sustainability
10.2 Barriers Drivers
10.3 Role of Legislation
10.4 Green Chemical Supply Strategies
10.5 Greener Energy
10.6 Conclusions
Review Questions
Further Reading
Subject Index
|
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| author | Lancaster, Mike |
| author_facet | Lancaster, Mike |
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| dewey-hundreds | 600 - Technology (Applied sciences) |
| dewey-ones | 660 - Chemical engineering |
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| dewey-tens | 660 - Chemical engineering |
| discipline | Chemie / Pharmazie Allgemeines Chemie Chemie-Ingenieurwesen Umwelt |
| edition | 2. ed. |
| format | Book |
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| spelling | Lancaster, Mike Verfasser aut Green chemistry an introductory text Mike Lancaster 2. ed. Cambridge RSC Publ. 2010 XV, 328 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Environmental chemistry Industrial applications Umweltverträglichkeit (DE-588)4061655-1 gnd rswk-swf Ökologische Chemie (DE-588)4135167-8 gnd rswk-swf Technische Chemie (DE-588)4078178-1 gnd rswk-swf Grüne Chemie (DE-588)7563215-9 gnd rswk-swf Grüne Chemie (DE-588)7563215-9 s DE-604 Technische Chemie (DE-588)4078178-1 s Umweltverträglichkeit (DE-588)4061655-1 s Ökologische Chemie (DE-588)4135167-8 s HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=019000619&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Lancaster, Mike Green chemistry an introductory text Environmental chemistry Industrial applications Umweltverträglichkeit (DE-588)4061655-1 gnd Ökologische Chemie (DE-588)4135167-8 gnd Technische Chemie (DE-588)4078178-1 gnd Grüne Chemie (DE-588)7563215-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4061655-1 (DE-588)4135167-8 (DE-588)4078178-1 (DE-588)7563215-9 |
| title | Green chemistry an introductory text |
| title_auth | Green chemistry an introductory text |
| title_exact_search | Green chemistry an introductory text |
| title_full | Green chemistry an introductory text Mike Lancaster |
| title_fullStr | Green chemistry an introductory text Mike Lancaster |
| title_full_unstemmed | Green chemistry an introductory text Mike Lancaster |
| title_short | Green chemistry |
| title_sort | green chemistry an introductory text |
| title_sub | an introductory text |
| topic | Environmental chemistry Industrial applications Umweltverträglichkeit (DE-588)4061655-1 gnd Ökologische Chemie (DE-588)4135167-8 gnd Technische Chemie (DE-588)4078178-1 gnd Grüne Chemie (DE-588)7563215-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Environmental chemistry Industrial applications Umweltverträglichkeit Ökologische Chemie Technische Chemie Grüne Chemie |
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