Skopje i skopskata oblast: od VI do krajot na XIV vek
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| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | Macedonian |
| Published: |
Skopje
Makedonska Reč
2009
|
| Series: | Biblioteka: Makedonika
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Item Description: | PST: Skopye and the Skopye district in the middle ages between VI and XIV century. - In kyrill. Schr., mazedon. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache |
| Physical Description: | 329 S. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 9789989163760 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Skopje i skopskata oblast |b od VI do krajot na XIV vek |c Milan Boškoski |
| 264 | 1 | |a Skopje |b Makedonska Reč |c 2009 | |
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| 490 | 0 | |a Biblioteka: Makedonika | |
| 500 | |a PST: Skopye and the Skopye district in the middle ages between VI and XIV century. - In kyrill. Schr., mazedon. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache | ||
| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 500-1400 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
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| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018987348&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Abstract |
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804141163306811392 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | CONCLUSION
On
the base of the critical analysis of the sources and references concerning
Skopye and the Skopye District in the Middle Ages (between VI and XTV century) we
may point out the following results: During penetration of the Slavs in the Byzantine
Balkan regions in Macedonia, Albania and Greece during the Vlth century due to the
specific position of the
Morava
and River
Vardar
Valley, the Skopye District, was very
often exposed to robberies by the Slavs, either during their penetrating to the south or
during their return to the north in the regions behind the Danube. According to the
material legacy, even in the middle of the Vlth century the first Slavic settling in the
Skopye District have been noticed. The two monetates (halfpholises) of the Byzantine
emperor Mauricius, made in
Thessaloniki
between
582
and
583,
discovered in
Skupi,
mark the maximum control of the Byzantine authority in the Skopye District. The
settlement of the Slavs in the Skopye District is incidental due to their orientation to
the south towards to more wealthy towns in South Macedonia, beginning from the
second half of the VI and the beginning of the Vllth century. The fortification centres
in the district according to the material legacy, certify that they have been destroyed
during the last quarter of the VI century, then have been restored again, and by the
intensifying wave of penetrations of the Slavs at the beginning of the
VII
the century,
with an aim for an evalsting settlement, the Byzantine castles have been in desolation
and do not function any more, but there are traces of more intensive Slavic settlements.
The Archbishopric Yustiniana
Prima
for the last time has been mentioned in
601,
the last circulation of coins is by the emperor Irakliy, made in
615,
and the Byzantine
power stops functioning about
620.
The settlement of the Slavs in the Skopye District
is evident in the first half of the Vlth century, but their final settlement and formation
of settlements followed even after the failure of the Slavs to conquer
Thessaloniki
during the seventhies of the
VII
century and after Byzantine military expeditions in
Macedonia for subjugation of the Slavs, when there is a situation of their gradual
resettling and retreat to the north of
Thessaloniki.
The Skopye District was at first
settled by the Slavic tribe Berziti, and later on here and in the
Polog
region, the tribe of
Dragoviti have been settled down.
During the
VIII
and the IX the century in the Skopye District comes to an
increasment of the Slavic settlement life, and in the middle of the IX century arised
also the first urban centre at the Kale (a fortress) in the Skopye valley, a town with a
new Slavic name. By the christianisation of the Macedonian Slavs, the town becomes
an Episcopal seat, at first under the name Episcopacy of Dardania, and after that
according to the list of dioceses of the main church of the Macedonian medieval sate
St. Achil, at the island Mala Prespa (Lower Prespa), and an Episcopacy of Skopye
towards the end of the Xth century. The fast growth of the town and the region is
happening during the time of the Macedonian Medieval state (between
969
and
1018)
when the city had got and important place in the strategy of brothers
-
commitopoles
Samoil and
Aron,
after
987
of monarch Samoil, in the efforts for srengthening and
283
enlargement of the Macedonian state. A lot of measures have been taken for the first
stronger fortification of the city walls at that period.
The town of Skopye at the beginning of XI the century had an important place in
the defence of the Macedonian Empire from the frequent Byzantine attacks, which in
991
and
1003
for a short time fell under Byzantine power, while Byzantine authority
was definitely established in the spring of
1018.
As an Episcopal seat the town of
Skopye and a few settlements have also been mentioned in the charters of the
Byzantine emperor Basil II, given to the
Ohrid
Archbishopric in
1018
and
1019.
By the
fall of the Macedonian empire under the Byzantine power in
1018,
the town grew in a
Byzantine administrative centre
-
a seat of a thema. The town was a special strategic
point almost through the whole XI century in the defence of the Byzantine properties
in the Bakan Peninsula from the attacks which used to come from the north. Then the
walls of the town have been restored and strengthened again so that Skopye had a real
political and cultural growth. This data have been certified by the sources from home
and foreign origin as well as the material legacy of Kale (the fortress) where the town
of Skopye was situated, then a few town centres in its surrounding and more village
settlements. More churches and monasteries and other public buildings have been built
at that period. The town of Skopye has an important role also in the two insurrections
of the Macedonian people in XI century. During the period between
1040
and
1041
in
Skopye gathered an insurrection army led by
Petar Delyan
and by Tihomir. The
insurrection leader Tihomir here was eliminated, and
Petar
Delyan was proclaimed an
crowned as a king of the uprisers. After that the uprisers went on towards South
Macedonia. In
1072
the town is a centre of the insurrection of the Skopye leader
Gjorgji Voytech. The
Zeta
prince
Bodin,
due to his relative connections with the
family of Emperor Samoil, by the Skopye uprisers was proclaimed as an emperor.
There was a short functioning of upriser s power in the town. Towards the end of the
same century, the town and the district fell down for a short time under the Normans
and have been exposed also to Serbian devastations.
During the
XII
century the town and the district had a peaceful political life and a
faster economic growth. During the last decade of
XII
the century Skopje and the
district have been exposed to Serbian robberies and devastation s campaigns, and for a
short time they have been under the Serbian power. The great vicar Stefan Nemanya
rebuilt a few churches and monasteries in Skopye, giving them properties and some of
their former advantages.
During the
XIII
century due to the weakness of the Byzantine Empire, the town
and its district in
1203
fell down under the Bulgarian domination which lasted up to
1203.
After the death of king Kaloyan, Strez left the Bulgarian kingdom and by help of
the Serbian great vicar formed an independent territory with a centre in
Prosek.
The
Skopye District and the town of Skopye up to
1214
have lived under the authority of
this Macedonian independent leader. About
1214
Skopye and the district had a
strastegic meaning in the relations of Strez with the Serbian state. After the murder of
Strez in
1214
the town and the district fell down for a short tinme under Serbian power.
By the encreased domination of the Epirus Tyrrany, and from
1225
Kingdom, the town
of Skopye and its district fell down under Epirus authority from
1218
to
1230.
The
town had a special place in the diplomatic relatioinbs between the Epirus Tyrrany and
the Serbian Kingdom, in connection with the marriage of the Serbian prince
Radoslav
and Ana, the doughter of the Epirus despot
Theodor
I Angel. The Skopye bishop John
284
has an important place as a mediator in conceying the protests of Dimitriy Chomatian,
the archhistrigue of the Ochrid Archbishopric, on the occasion of
non
canon
proclaiming of the Serbian Archbishopric.
In
1230,
after the battle near Klokotnitsa, the town and district fell under the
Bulgarian power which lasted until
1246.
After the death of the Bulgarian emperor
Asen
II, the Skopye District and the town of Skopye, as well as the bigger part of
Macedonia recognized the power of the Nickean emperor. In
1258-1259
for a short
time the Bulgarian and Serbian authority was established, and then Nickean power
again. After the
reestablishment
of the Byzantine Empire
іл
1261,
the Byzantine power
in Skopye strengthened, when a period of twenty peaceful years followed. In the last
years of
XIII
century came to an expansion of the Serbian Kingdom in the north parts
of Macedonia.
After the two devastation campaigns in the depth of Macedonia, in
1282
the Serbs
conquered the town of Skopye. The battles of Byzantine-Serbian border in north
Macedonia went on with a certain growth. Byzantium tended to get the town back, and
Serbia to keep it. The exhausting war after long-term negotiations in Skopye ended in
1299
by concluding a peace treaty. Byzantium lost the North Macedonia, the Serbian
king
Milutin
married
Simonida,
the Byzantine princess, while the town of Skopye, as a
town with strong Byzantine cultural and civilisational traditions became a favorite
throne of king
Milutin.
The sources give more data concerning the district and the
town of Skopye, as a Serbian throne and as the most important political centre of the
Serbian Kingdom. Everything that happened in the Kingdom was to happen in the
capital Skopye. In the thirth decade of the
XIV
century, during the civil war in
Byzantium, the despot of
Thessaloniki
John Paleologue was sheltered here with his
wife, whose doughter was a wife of the Serbian king Stefan
ΠΙ
of Dechani. Skopye and
its district during the reign of the king Dushan kept the leading place in the Kingdom,
and in the district during his time a few newcoming
feudais
got their properties.
Volkashin was one of them who got the regions north-west of Skopye, about Prizren,
southwest of the capital along the river
Treska,
present day
Markova Reka, Poreche.
And later on he strengthened towards
Veles
and
Prilep.
During the forties of the
XIV
century in Skopye and its district with the Serbian
king the Byzantine army leader and a participant in the defeated side of the Civil war
in Byzantium, John Kantakuzen, great domestic used to stay. In Skopye he asked by
the Serbian king Stefan Dushan an assistance to come his ambitions true for obtaining
the Byzantine crown.
And in
1346
in Skopye, blessed by the Ochrid archbishop Nikola and the
Trnovo
patriarch Simeon, the Serbian archbishop Joanakiy was proclaimed as Serbian
patriarch. On April
16,
on Easter, the Serbian king Stefan Dushan, at the
chuch
of
Ä
Mother of Jesus Troeruchitsa, blessed by the new Serbian patriarch, was crowned as
Serbian king. Since that date Skopye became capital, while the Skopye Episcopacy
was proclaimed for a metropolitan church and an Archbishopric of the capital. In
1349,
in Skopye at the state meeting where besides Serbian king Dushan, the Serbian
patriarch and Ochrid archbishop were present, was proclaimed the codex of Stefan
Dushan. After king Dushan s death and the arrival of his Mower king Stefan Urosh
V, from
1356
in Skopye the vicar, leader later on despot Dixaitriya Volkashin has been
settled as the most eminent figure of the Serbian king. Under conditions when Urosh
could not have any children, Volkashin in Skopye started the battle for his intrusion for
285
a co
-
ruler of the king. In
1365,
by agreement of king Urosh, the support of the
empress Helen, his brother John Uglesha and his authoritative relatives vis a vis the
opposition of some representatives of the old Serbian nobleship, in Serbia north of
Skopye, Volkashin was proclaimed and later on formally crowned as a king, becaming
his co-ruler. In Skopye, this act was marked by king Volkashin by giving an excellent
present to the church St. Dimitriya at the village of Sushitsa, being also a founder. The
misunderstandings between the power loving king Volkashin and powerless king
Urosh, supported by the representatives of the old Serbian nobleship, went on with a
faster speed. In
1369
king Volkashin used to appear as an independent ruler, and after
the defeat against the powers of the Coalition at Kossovo Pole, the same year when the
king also enslaved the Serbian king, the territory of the independent Kindom of
Volkashin enlarged towards Prishtine,
Rudnik
and
Novo Brdo.
Towards the end of the
autumn of
1369
or at least the spring of
1370
Volkashin who used to deal on his own,
by appointment of his oldest son
Marko
as throne successor and later on his crowning
as a young king, besides the already existing Serbian dynasty Volkashin in Macedonia
he formally proclaimed the new and independent ruler s dynasty Volkashin in
Macedonia with
Prilep
as capital. After the battle of Maritsa on September
1371
when
king Volkashin. and his brother despot John Uglesha were killed, the throne was
inherited by his son
Marko.
From
1371
to
1376
king
Marko was
still the most powerfull ruler in the Balkans,
who was also respected by the Turks. He succeeded by
différents
presents and services
peacefully to maintain the peace with the Turks because they still have not established
vassal relations or a direct power. From the sources we had at our disposal there is no
doubt that king
Marko
became a vassal even in
1385.
The relations of king
Marko
with
the Serbian representatives who fought for inheritance of the dynasty Nemanytch were
unfriendly They, especially prince
Lazar,
being afraid no to take it the Serbian dynasty
Nemanyitch, did not accept his king title, but they recognize him only for a young
king.
Though out of his properties
Novo
Brdo, Rudnik,
Prishtine, Prizren have been
taken, and in
1377
also Skopye, the right to rule with the districts to the west and
southwest of Skopye and Macedonia as a whole was not denied to king
Marko,
together with the king s throne in
Prilep.
In
1376 -1377
he gave money for
picturesqueness of a part of the church St. Dimitriya at the village of Sushitsa, near
Skopye, where he presented himself as a resolute ruler, a new David who should be
prepared for the forthcoming fight against the Turks in defence of the Christianity.
Under conditions when the district of Seress was conquered by Buzantium which from
1372
became a vassal state of the Turks, in
1377
the brothers Dragashi in the Eastern
Macedonia recognized the vassality over the Turks temporary. King
Marko in 1376-
1377
made a contract for friendship with the powerfull owner of property
Radoslav
Hlapen in South Macedonia in order to protect its Kingdom and to strengthen the
manoeuvre space with the Ottomans. In order to protect its kingdom from devastations
king
Marko
during the second phase of the Ottoman conquests in Macedonia in
1385
agreed to accept a vassal relation with the Ottomans. Very soon he came into conflict
with his brothers in regard to this question. In
1385
his brother Ivanish broke the vassal
relation, and from
1389
the same was done by his oldest brother, the young king
Andriyash who controlled the district to the west of Skopje, along the river
Treska
also
286
broke the vassality, and in
1394
together with his brother Dmitar departed at first to
Dubrovnik
and later on to the Hungarian court.
After the Kossovo battle in
1389
there was a danger for Skopye by the Ottomans,
and the next year, the Skopye District was exposed to devastations and robberies by
the Ottoman cavalry bands
-
akindgii. In
1390
or at least
1391,
according to the
Ottoman chronicles, the town of Skopye was conquered by the Ottomans, while the
capture of the rest part of the Skopye District to the southwest and south of the town
used to happen also by force, according to the chronicles, immediately after the death
of the king
Marko
in
Rovine
in May
1395.
By the conquest of the town of Skopye by
the Ottomans, the town became at first a region, and then a seat and a seat of an area.
During the further Ottoman conquest in Bosnia, Serbia and Albania, the town of
Skopye had a perfect strategic meaning.
(Translated from Macedonian by:
Prof. Blagoy Stoichovski, Ph. D)
287
СОДРЖИНА
Предговор
...........................................................................................................................................7
Скратеници на почесто цитирани извори и литература.
......._............................................9
УВОД
ПРИРОДНаГЕОГРАФОСИ КАРАКТЕРИСШКИ, КОМУНИКАЦИИ И ИМЕТО
НА ГРАДОТ СКУЛИ И
СКОПЈЕ
..........................................................................................29
1.
Природно-географски характеристики на областа
......................................................29
2.
Природни комуникации, патни правци и отвореност на Скопската област кон
соседните области
....................................................................................................................33
3.
Името
на Скупий
Скопје.......................................................................................................
35
ГЛАВА ПРВА
НАСЕЛУВАЊЕ
НА СЛОВЕНИТЕ
ВО
СКОПСКАТА ОБЛАСТ.
.....................................42
1.
Политичките
состојби
во
Византија
во
VI
и почетокот на
VII
век, со посебен
осврт кон Скопската облает
..................................................................................................42
2.
Навлегување
и
населување
на Словените на Балканот во
Македонија
и во
Скопската облает.
.....................................................................................................................54
3.
Етнички и општествено-политички
промени
во Скопската облает.
........................72
4.
Односот на Словените кон староседелците
......................................................................78
5.
Скопската облает во
рамките
на
склавинијата Берзитија...........................................
82
6.
Почетоци на
христијанизацијата
на Словените во Скопската облает.
....................92
7.
Скопје
и Скопската облает под бугарска
власт
(од средина на
IX
век до
969
година)
...........................................................................................................................................97
ГЛАВА ВТОРА
СКОШЕ И СКОПСКАТА
ОБЛАСТ
ВО
ВРЕМЕТО
НА
МАКЕДОНСКОТО
ЦАРСТВО
(969-1018).................................................................................................................103
1.
Скопје
во
времето
на комитопулите и
владеењето
на
цар Самоил
........................103
2.
Скопје
и Скопската облает во
времето
на
царевите
Гаврил
Радомир
и
Јован
Владислав.
Паѓање
под византиска
власт
.......................................................................114
3.
Скопската
епископија
од
969
до
1019
година
..................................................................123
ГЛАВА
ТРЕТА
СКОПЛЕ И СКОПСКАТА
ОБЛАСТ
ПОД ВИЗАНТИСКА
ВЛАСТ
(1018-1204)...........126
1.
Скопје
како центар на
византиска тема
...........................................................................126
2.
Скопје
и областа за
време
на востанието на Петар
Делјан
1040-1042
и
Ѓорѓи
Војтех
1072/73
година
.............................................................................................................134
3.
Навлегување
на Печенези и
Узи.
Нормански и ерпски
завладувања
во Скопската облает.
.............................................................................................................141
4.
Скопје
под византиска
власт
од
XII
до почетокот на
XIII
век
...................„..............148
5.
Скопската
епископија
од
XI
до почетокот на
XIII
век
.................................................158
ГЛАВА ЧЕТВРТА
СКОШЕ И СКОПСКАТА
ОБЛАСТ
ОД
1204
ГОДИНА ДО
СРЕДИНАТА
НА
XIV
ВЕК
...............................................................................................................................................163
1.
Скопската облает од
1204
до
1207
година
.........................................................................163
2.
Скопје
и областа во
рамките
на феудалното господство на Отрез
.........................166
5
3.
Скопје меѓу Србите, Епирците, Бугарите
и
Никејците
..............................................174
4.
Скопје
и Скопската
област под српска власт.
Владеењето
на крал Милутин и
Стефан Урош
III
Дечански
..................................................................................................191
5.
Скопје
и
областа
во
времето на Стефан Душан
............................................................211
6.
Скопската
епископија
од
1204
до
1355
година
................................................................225
ГЛАВА ПЕТТА
СКОШЕ ОД ВТОРАТА ПОЛОВИНА НА
XIV
ВЕК ДО
ПАЃАЊЕТО
ПОД ТУРСКА ВЛАСТ
............................................................................................................234
l.Qconje
во
времето на Волкашин
.........................................................................................234
2.
Скопје
и Скопската област
во
времето на кралот Марко
..........................................253
3.
Паѓањето
и на
Скопје
на Скопската област под османлиска власт
........................269
4.
Скопската
митрополија
од
1355
до
1395
година
.............................................................274
ЗАКЛУЧОК
....................................................................................................................................278
CONCLUSION...................................................................................................................................
283
ПРИЛОГ:
ИЛУ СТРАЦИИ
...........................................................................................................289
ИНДЕКС
.........................................................................................................................................313
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Boškoski, Milan 1953- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)135896606 |
| author_facet | Boškoski, Milan 1953- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Boškoski, Milan 1953- |
| author_variant | m b mb |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV036096871 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)644089837 (DE-599)BVBBV036096871 |
| era | Geschichte 500-1400 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 500-1400 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Skopje Region (DE-588)4699979-6 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Skopje Region |
| id | DE-604.BV036096871 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T22:11:30Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789989163760 |
| language | Macedonian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-018987348 |
| oclc_num | 644089837 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR |
| physical | 329 S. Ill. |
| publishDate | 2009 |
| publishDateSearch | 2009 |
| publishDateSort | 2009 |
| publisher | Makedonska Reč |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Biblioteka: Makedonika |
| spelling | Boškoski, Milan 1953- Verfasser (DE-588)135896606 aut Skopje i skopskata oblast od VI do krajot na XIV vek Milan Boškoski Skopje Makedonska Reč 2009 329 S. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Biblioteka: Makedonika PST: Skopye and the Skopye district in the middle ages between VI and XIV century. - In kyrill. Schr., mazedon. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache Geschichte 500-1400 gnd rswk-swf Skopje Region (DE-588)4699979-6 gnd rswk-swf Skopje Region (DE-588)4699979-6 g Geschichte 500-1400 z DE-604 Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018987348&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018987348&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Boškoski, Milan 1953- Skopje i skopskata oblast od VI do krajot na XIV vek |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4699979-6 |
| title | Skopje i skopskata oblast od VI do krajot na XIV vek |
| title_auth | Skopje i skopskata oblast od VI do krajot na XIV vek |
| title_exact_search | Skopje i skopskata oblast od VI do krajot na XIV vek |
| title_full | Skopje i skopskata oblast od VI do krajot na XIV vek Milan Boškoski |
| title_fullStr | Skopje i skopskata oblast od VI do krajot na XIV vek Milan Boškoski |
| title_full_unstemmed | Skopje i skopskata oblast od VI do krajot na XIV vek Milan Boškoski |
| title_short | Skopje i skopskata oblast |
| title_sort | skopje i skopskata oblast od vi do krajot na xiv vek |
| title_sub | od VI do krajot na XIV vek |
| topic_facet | Skopje Region |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018987348&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018987348&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT boskoskimilan skopjeiskopskataoblastodvidokrajotnaxivvek |