Stosunki rządu polskiego z rządem norweskim na emigracji w Londynie w latach 1940 - 1945:
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | Polish |
| Published: |
Toruń
Zakład Usług Poligraficznych "Druk-Tor"
2008
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Item Description: | Zsfassung in engl. u. norweg. Sprache u.d.T.: Relations between the Polish government and the Norwegian government in exile in London in the years 1940 - 1945 |
| Physical Description: | 160 s. 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 9788392764434 |
Staff View
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| 500 | |a Zsfassung in engl. u. norweg. Sprache u.d.T.: Relations between the Polish government and the Norwegian government in exile in London in the years 1940 - 1945 | ||
| 505 | 0 | |a Bibliogr. s. 151-156 | |
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804141066819993600 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Spis treści
Wstęp
..................................................................................................................7
Stosunki polsko-norweskie
1918-1939.......................................................13
1.1
Stosunki polityczne
..............................................................................................13
1.1.1.
Nawiązanie kontaktów dyplomatycznych
..............................................13
1.1.2.
Okres wzajemnych wizyt
1926-1938 .....................................................18
1.1.3.
Przed wybuchem wojny
1938-1939.......................................................22
1.2.
Norwegia jako partner gospodarczy
.................................................................23
1.2.1.
Działalność Samuela Eydego
....................................................................23
1.2.2.
Sprawa norwesko-polskiej umowy handlowej
........................................28
1.2.3.
Kryzys węglowy w
1926
r. w Norwegii i jego skutki
..............................32
1.2.4.
Polsko-norweskie kontakty żeglugowe
....................................................33
1.2.5.
Polsko-norweskie kontakty handlowe w latach trzydziestych
..............38
Trudny start w Londynie
.................................................................................45
2.1.
Norwegia jako partner aliancki
.........................................................................45
2.1.1.
Agresja niemiecka na Norwegię
...............................................................45
2.1.2.
Wyjazd rządu do Londynu
........................................................................52
2.1.3.
Aktywność dyplomatyczna
........................................................................57
2.1.4.
Czołowi przedstawiciele norweskiej sceny politycznej
..........................59
2.1.5.
Idea polityki atlantyckiej i jej przyjęcie wśród alianckich partnerów.
.62
2.1.6.
Pozycja rządu norweskiego wśród rządów emigracyjnych
...................64
2.2.
Dyplomacja polska na obczyźnie
......................................................................66
2.2.1.
Ewakuacja z Francji do Anglii
..................................................................66
2.2.2.
Organizacja rządu w Londynie
.................................................................69
2.2.3.
Stosunki z sojusznikami
.............................................................................71
2.2.4.
Pozycja rządu polskiego
.............................................................................74
—5—
Spis
tresei
Polskie próby zjednoczenia^niejszych aliantów
a stanowisko rządu norweskiego
...................................................................79
3.1.
Początki kontaktów polsko-norweskich w Londynie
.....................................79
3.1.1.
Sprawa Władysława
Neumana
..................................................................83
3.2.
Federacyjne plany gen. Sikorskiego i postawa rządu norweskiego
...............88
3.3.
Wspólna deklaracja „mniejszych aliantów
.....................................................95
3.4.
Norwegia a ZSRR
..............................................................................................102
Polsko-norweskie stosunki dyplomatyczne i wojskowe
1940-1945........115
4.1.
Współpraca w organach międzynarodowych
................................................115
4.1.1.
Komitet Ministrów Spraw Zagranicznych Rządów Europejskich
......118
4.1.2.
Międzysojuszniczy Komitet Rozejmowy
...............................................124
4.2.
Współpraca wojskowa
......................................................................................133
4.3.
Cofnięcie uznania rządowi RP na obczyźnie
.................................................140
Zakończenie
..................................................................................................147
Bibliografìa
....................................................................................................151
Archiwalia
..................................................................................................................151
I.
Arbeiderbevegelsens
arkiv,
Oslo (ABA)
......................................................151
II.
Riksarkivet,
Oslo
(RA)
..................................................................................151
III. Universitetbiblioteket, Oslo
.........................................................................151
IV.
Public
Record
Office,
Londyn
(PRO)
.........................................................151
V.
Archiwum Instytutu Polskiego i Muzeum
im. Gen. Sikorskiego,...........151
Londyn (IPMS)
....................................................................................................151
VI.
Instytut Józefa Piłsudskiego w Ameryce, Nowy Jork (IJPA)
...................152
VII.
Archiwum Akt Nowych, Warszawa
(AAN)
............................................152
VIII.
Archiwum Instytutu
Hoovera, Stanford.................................................152
IX.
Studium Polski Podziemnej, Londyn
.........................................................152
Źródła publikowane
................................................................................................152
Pamiętniki i wspomnienia
.......................................................................................152
Prasa
...........................................................................................................................153
Opracowania
.............................................................................................................153
—6—
Relations
between the Polish government and the Norwegian
government in exile in London in the years
1940 - 1945
Summary
When the Second World War broke out the Norwegian government did not share the German viewpoint
about the alleged disappearance of the Polish state. Administered by
Władysław
Neuman,
the Polish diplo¬
matic establishment in Oslo still carried on its work. On the other hand, for as long as it was possible the
government of Norway would not undertake anything that might have prematurely assessed the constitutional posi¬
tion of Poland. Consequently, from the autumn of
1939
the diplomatic relations between the two countries worked
on a one
-
sided basis. The Norwegian government agreed to the functioning of the Polish diplomatic institution but
no diplomat on its part was sent to the Polish government seated first in Paris and then in Angers.
In June
1940
the Norwegian government joined many other governments in exile in London.
In
1941
the cooperation between the two countries went well. As Trygve Lie, the Norwegian foreign minister
from November
1940,
wrote in his diary
Med
England
і
ildiinjen ,
it was thanks to minister
Neuman
that Norway
had better contact with the Polish government.
When the Soviet Union and the United States, two economic and military powers, declared war on Germany,
it was clear for the Polish authorities that their rather strong position among other British allies would then be
weakened. That is why it became so important that the position of the Polish government in London should be
strengthened, by performing the role of a leader of all allied governments. In
1941-1943
the Norwegian government
had to take a stand on several propositions made by the Polish government, which aimed at finding some forms
of cooperation between the smaller allies. One of them was a concept of creating a federation or associations of
European countries.
Gen. Sikorski had a wide programme of creating closely cooperating regional agreements in Europe. He was co¬
unting on forming a central-European, Balkan, and Scandinavian federation. Norwegian foreign policy in the WWII
period, called the Atlantic policy, completely broke with the interwar neutrality and aimed mainly at close relations with
Great Britain and the United States. The government of Norway was only to a small degree concerned with the debate
over different forms of federal organisation of Europe. To Norway, a country on the periphery of Europe and with strong
connections with Great Britain and the United States, the thought of closer political or military relations with the con¬
tinent must have been a distant one. The Norwegians also knew that the Poles did not intend to provide them with an
important function in such a system as the leadership was bound to fall to Sweden. Norway s main goal was to avoid any
associations that might have instigated tension or conflicts between the allies. Moreover, it was not insignificant that the
Soviet Union was against any attempts at creating an independent federation of countries in this part of Europe.
The second project launched by Polish government was the organisation of a common front of eight occupied
countries: Belgium, Czecho-Slovakia, Greece, the Netherlands, Yugoslavia, Luxemburg, and Norway. The first step to
do this was to be a declaration signed by these governments that would establish the foundations for the common po¬
licy towards post-war Germany. In the talks with the Poles the Norwegians did not conceal their lack of enthusiasm
or even hostility towards this project. The Norwegian ministry of foreign affairs was against Polish plans for two
main reasons. Firstly, Norwegian foreign policy aimed at close cooperation with Great Britain and the United States,
whereas Polish plans referred to the cooperation of small countries. Secondly, the project might have aroused the
suspicions of the USSR. Therefore, Lie thought it advisable to inform the Russians that the Norwegian government
had been invited to sign a declaration of small countries, but declined this invitation.
— 157—
Summary
In spite of rather regular meetings of Prime Ministers and ministers of foreign affairs of all the eight countries,
such a declaration as Sikorski wanted it was never signed. Growing tensions between Poland and the USSR worsened
the atmosphere and the prospects of the smaller allies cooperation. Not unimportant was also the behaviour of Si¬
korski, who obviously acted as a leader of the smaller allies. In January
1943
at another meeting of the representatives
of the allied countries he presented a report on his journey to the United States. Annoyingly enough, he was reading
it for an hour and a half, but the audience was more irritated with the information that the Polish Prime Minister in¬
troduced himself to President Roosevelt as a representative of all the allied countries with their alleged authorisation;
the authorisation which many of them categorically denied having given, when talking to the British ambassador to
the Polish government, Sir Cecil Dormer. Disgusted Trygve Lie even said that these meetings were a waste of time .
Fundamental for Norwegian foreign policy appeared to be the relations with the Soviet Union and the desire
to regulate the contacts with this country. Fears of further steps taken by the Russians mingled with the tendencies
for active cooperation. Hypotheses that giving support to Polish plans might cause troubles in the relations with the
Soviet Union were the most important reasons for the Norwegian government s disinclination towards the project of
Gen. Sikorski. Moreover, the Norwegians perceived Polish activities as an attempt to take over the leadership of the
governments in London exile, which, in addition to the fact that the administration of Norway carefully observed
whether other governments dominated or were favoured by the powers, must have influenced the negative asses¬
sment of Polish activities. After
22
June
1941
Norwegian policy towards the USSR aimed at adjusting any former
disagreements. Apart from that, the government was looking for some grounds for cooperation in waging war and
tried to build good relations as a head start for a post-war time. At the same time the uncertainty and anxiety over
possible Soviet intentions was still present. It was specifically the question of the ports for the Soviet Union in the
north of Norway that strengthened Norwegian distrust, even though the Soviets emphasized they did not demand
anything from Norway. The government of Norway also believed that particularly the Poles in London purposely
propagandised so as to draw Russian attention to the north Norway and thus push them away from the Baltic Sea .
The Poles believed that the Norwegians attitude towards the Soviets was based on the unwillingness to acknow¬
ledge a Soviet danger threatening Norway, whether considering their internal influences or external aggression. The
opinion of the Polish envoy was that among the Norwegian authorities there was a tendency to positively evaluate any
experience, actions, and especially values of both the Soviet Union and Stalin. According to
Władysław
Schwarzburg-
-Günther,
a new Polish envoy to the government of Norway, what accounted for this was the fact that the Norwegians
in London did not know Russia and their representative in the Soviet Union, Rolf Andvord, was not a clear-sighted
expert on Soviet relations. His reports, highly praised by the Norwegians, were full of appreciation not only for
Russian military effort, but also for work abilities, organisation, or even politics. Judging by the Norwegian attitude
towards the Russians
Władysław
Günther
clearly stated that there would have been virtually no likelihood for the
Norwegians to take the Polish side in the Polish-Soviet disagreement, especially about the territorial question. Some
criticism could arise about the Soviet demands for direct interference into Polish internal affairs, but on the other
hand it would not have led to any active anti-Soviet opposition. He also doubted in the participation of Norway in any
action, even a genera! one, aiming at the protection of the European status quo ante, in central Europe in particular.
On
6
July
1945
the Storting acknowledged a new Polish government and wished to initiate diplomatic relations
without further delay.
The relationship between Norway and Poland during the war was not a close one. Although, both governments
were in some respects in a similar situation mutual relations contained tensions. Both governments showed little
understanding of their special position in this period. Norway was determined to establish the closest possible coope¬
ration with the western powers, her natural allies. Norway felt closer to Britain and the United States than to countries
on the European continent. At the same time it was important to maintain good relations with the Soviet Union. In
spite of paying courteous visits and highlighting the friendship between the two countries in official government
newspapers: Polish
-
Gazeta Polska,
Norwegian
-
Norsk Tidend, Polish diplomacy could not count on the Norwe¬
gians to support their claims. It was clearly visible that Norway kept its distance and was unwilling to cooperate with
Poland or support the country, as it could have threatened the good relations Norway had with the Soviet Union.
-158—
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Gawinecka-Woźniak, Magda |
| author_facet | Gawinecka-Woźniak, Magda |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Gawinecka-Woźniak, Magda |
| author_variant | m g w mgw |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV036038974 |
| contents | Bibliogr. s. 151-156 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)316532767 (DE-599)BVBBV036038974 |
| era | Geschichte 1940-1945 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1940-1945 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Polska / stosunki / Norwegia / 1900-1945 jhpk Norwegia / stosunki / Polska / 1900-1945 jhpk Polska / polityka i rządy / 1939-1945 jhpk Norwegia - stosunki - Polska - 1900-1945 jhpk Polska - polityka i rządy - 1939-1945 jhpk Polska - stosunki - Norwegia - 1900-1945 jhpk Norwegen (DE-588)4042640-3 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Polska / stosunki / Norwegia / 1900-1945 Norwegia / stosunki / Polska / 1900-1945 Polska / polityka i rządy / 1939-1945 Norwegia - stosunki - Polska - 1900-1945 Polska - polityka i rządy - 1939-1945 Polska - stosunki - Norwegia - 1900-1945 Norwegen |
| id | DE-604.BV036038974 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T22:09:58Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788392764434 |
| language | Polish |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-018930889 |
| oclc_num | 316532767 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 160 s. 24 cm |
| publishDate | 2008 |
| publishDateSearch | 2008 |
| publishDateSort | 2008 |
| publisher | Zakład Usług Poligraficznych "Druk-Tor" |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Gawinecka-Woźniak, Magda Verfasser aut Stosunki rządu polskiego z rządem norweskim na emigracji w Londynie w latach 1940 - 1945 Magda Gawinecka-Woźniak Toruń Zakład Usług Poligraficznych "Druk-Tor" 2008 160 s. 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zsfassung in engl. u. norweg. Sprache u.d.T.: Relations between the Polish government and the Norwegian government in exile in London in the years 1940 - 1945 Bibliogr. s. 151-156 Polska / Rząd Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej na Uchodźstwie jhpk Polska - Rząd Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej na Uchodźstwie jhpk Polen Exilregierung (DE-588)4126334-0 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1940-1945 gnd rswk-swf Wojna światowa (1939-1945) / Norwegia jhpk Wojna światowa (1939-1945) / rządy na uchodźstwie jhpk Wojna światowa (1939-1945) - Norwegia jhpk Wojna światowa (1939-1945) - rządy na uchodźstwie jhpk Außenpolitik (DE-588)4003846-4 gnd rswk-swf Polska / stosunki / Norwegia / 1900-1945 jhpk Norwegia / stosunki / Polska / 1900-1945 jhpk Polska / polityka i rządy / 1939-1945 jhpk Norwegia - stosunki - Polska - 1900-1945 jhpk Polska - polityka i rządy - 1939-1945 jhpk Polska - stosunki - Norwegia - 1900-1945 jhpk Norwegen (DE-588)4042640-3 gnd rswk-swf Polen Exilregierung (DE-588)4126334-0 b Außenpolitik (DE-588)4003846-4 s Norwegen (DE-588)4042640-3 g Geschichte 1940-1945 z DE-604 Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018930889&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018930889&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Gawinecka-Woźniak, Magda Stosunki rządu polskiego z rządem norweskim na emigracji w Londynie w latach 1940 - 1945 Bibliogr. s. 151-156 Polska / Rząd Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej na Uchodźstwie jhpk Polska - Rząd Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej na Uchodźstwie jhpk Polen Exilregierung (DE-588)4126334-0 gnd Wojna światowa (1939-1945) / Norwegia jhpk Wojna światowa (1939-1945) / rządy na uchodźstwie jhpk Wojna światowa (1939-1945) - Norwegia jhpk Wojna światowa (1939-1945) - rządy na uchodźstwie jhpk Außenpolitik (DE-588)4003846-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4126334-0 (DE-588)4003846-4 (DE-588)4042640-3 |
| title | Stosunki rządu polskiego z rządem norweskim na emigracji w Londynie w latach 1940 - 1945 |
| title_auth | Stosunki rządu polskiego z rządem norweskim na emigracji w Londynie w latach 1940 - 1945 |
| title_exact_search | Stosunki rządu polskiego z rządem norweskim na emigracji w Londynie w latach 1940 - 1945 |
| title_full | Stosunki rządu polskiego z rządem norweskim na emigracji w Londynie w latach 1940 - 1945 Magda Gawinecka-Woźniak |
| title_fullStr | Stosunki rządu polskiego z rządem norweskim na emigracji w Londynie w latach 1940 - 1945 Magda Gawinecka-Woźniak |
| title_full_unstemmed | Stosunki rządu polskiego z rządem norweskim na emigracji w Londynie w latach 1940 - 1945 Magda Gawinecka-Woźniak |
| title_short | Stosunki rządu polskiego z rządem norweskim na emigracji w Londynie w latach 1940 - 1945 |
| title_sort | stosunki rzadu polskiego z rzadem norweskim na emigracji w londynie w latach 1940 1945 |
| topic | Polska / Rząd Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej na Uchodźstwie jhpk Polska - Rząd Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej na Uchodźstwie jhpk Polen Exilregierung (DE-588)4126334-0 gnd Wojna światowa (1939-1945) / Norwegia jhpk Wojna światowa (1939-1945) / rządy na uchodźstwie jhpk Wojna światowa (1939-1945) - Norwegia jhpk Wojna światowa (1939-1945) - rządy na uchodźstwie jhpk Außenpolitik (DE-588)4003846-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Polska / Rząd Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej na Uchodźstwie Polska - Rząd Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej na Uchodźstwie Polen Exilregierung Wojna światowa (1939-1945) / Norwegia Wojna światowa (1939-1945) / rządy na uchodźstwie Wojna światowa (1939-1945) - Norwegia Wojna światowa (1939-1945) - rządy na uchodźstwie Außenpolitik Polska / stosunki / Norwegia / 1900-1945 Norwegia / stosunki / Polska / 1900-1945 Polska / polityka i rządy / 1939-1945 Norwegia - stosunki - Polska - 1900-1945 Polska - polityka i rządy - 1939-1945 Polska - stosunki - Norwegia - 1900-1945 Norwegen |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018930889&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018930889&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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