Optical coherence and quantum optics:
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| Hauptverfasser: | , |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cambridge [u.a.]
Cambridge Univ. Press
2008
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| Ausgabe: | Repr. with corr. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | lizenzfrei Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Hier auch später erschienene unveränderte Nachdrucke |
| Beschreibung: | XXVI, 1166 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0521417112 9780521417112 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a Mandel, Leonard |d 1927-2001 |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)1100198075 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Optical coherence and quantum optics |c Leonard Mandel and Emil Wolf |
| 250 | |a Repr. with corr. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Cambridge [u.a.] |b Cambridge Univ. Press |c 2008 | |
| 300 | |a XXVI, 1166 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Hier auch später erschienene unveränderte Nachdrucke | ||
| 650 | 0 | |a Coherence (Optics) | |
| 650 | 0 | |a Quantum optics | |
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| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-018883040 | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804141014504439808 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | IMAGE 1
OPTICAL COHERENCE AN D
QUANTUM OPTIC S
LEONARD MANDE L
EMIL WOLF
IMAGE 2
IMAGE 3
PREFACE
XX V
1 ELEMENTS OF PROBABILITY THEORY
1
1.1 DEFINITIONS
1
1.2 PROPERTIES OF PROBABILITIES
3
1 .2 .1 JOINT PROBABILITIES
3
1 .2 .2 CONDITIONAL PROBABILITIES
5
1 .2 .3 BAYES THEOREM ON INVERSE PROBABILITIES
6
1.3 RANDOM VARIABLES AND PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS
7
1 .3 .1 TRANSFORMATIONS OF VARIATES
9
1 .3 .2 EXPECTATIONS AND MOMENTS
1 1
1 .3 .3 CHEBYSHEV INEQUALITY
1 5
1.4 GENERATING FUNCTIONS
16
1 .4 .1 MOMENT GENERATING FUNCTION
16
1 .4 .2 CHARACTERISTIC FUNCTION
17
1 .4 .3 CUMULANTS
19
1.5 SOME EXAMPLES OF PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS
21
1 .5 .1 BERNOULLI OR BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION
2 1
1.5 .2 POISSON DISTRIBUTION
2 3
1.5 .3 BOSE-EINSTEIN DISTRIBUTION
2 5
1 .5 .4 THE WEAK LAW OF LARGE NUMBERS
2 6
1 .5 .5 NORMAL OR GAUSSIAN DISTRIBUTIONS
27
1 .5 .6 THE CENTRAL LIMIT THEOREM
30
1 .5 .7 GAMMA DISTRIBUTION
30
1.6 MULTIVARIATE GAUSSIAN DISTRIBUTION
33
1 .6 .1 THE GAUSSIAN MOMENT THEOREM
36
1 .6 .2 MOMENT GENERATING FUNCTION AND CHARACTERISTIC FUNCTION .
37
1 .6 .3 MULTIPLE COMPLEX GAUSSIAN VARIATES
38
PROBLEMS
39
2 RANDOM (OR STOCHASTIC) PROCESSES
41
2.1 INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICAL ENSEMBLES
41
2 .1 .1 THE ENSEMBLE AVERAGE .
41
2 .1 .2 JOINT PROBABILITIES AND CORRELATIONS
43
2 .1 .3 THE PROBABILITY FUNCTIONAL
44
IMAGE 4
2.2 STATIONARITY AND ERGODICITY
45
2.2.1 THE TIME AVERAGE OF A STATIONARY PROCESS
47
2.2.2 ERGODICITY
48
2.2.3 EXAMPLES OF RANDOM PROCESSES
50
2.3 PROPERTIES OF THE AUTOCORRELATION FUNCTION
52
2.4 SPECTRAL PROPERTIES OF A STATIONARY RANDOM PROCESS
56
2.4.1 SPECTRAL DENSITY AND THE WIENER-KHINTCHINE THEOREM
56
2.4.2 SINGULARITIES OF THE SPECTRAL DENSITY
60
2.4.3 NORMALIZED CORRELATIONS AND NORMALIZED SPECTRAL DENSITIES
61
2.4.4 CROSS-CORRELATIONS AND CROSS-SPECTRAL DENSITIES
62
2.5 ORTHOGONAL REPRESENTATION OF A RANDOM PROCESS
65
2.5.1 THE KARHUNEN-LOEVE EXPANSION
66
2.5.2 THE LIMIT T- CO ; AN ALTERNATIVE APPROACH TO THE WIENER KHINTCHINE
THEOREM
68
2.6 TIME DEVELOPMENT AND CLASSIFICATION OF RANDOM PROCESSES
70
2.6.1 CONDITIONAL PROBABILITY DENSITIES
70
2.6.2 COMPLETELY RANDOM OR SEPARABLE PROCESS
71
2.6.3 FIRST-ORDER MARKOV PROCESS
72
2.6.4 HIGHER-ORDER MARKOV PROCESS
73
2.7 MASTER EQUATIONS IN INTEGRO-DIFFERENTIAL FORM
74
2.8 MASTER EQUATIONS IN DIFFERENTIAL FORM
75
2.8.1 THE KRAMERS-MOYAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION
76
2.8.2 VECTOR RANDOM PROCESS
78
2.8.3 THE ORDER OF THE KRAMERS-MOYAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION
79
2.9 LANGEVIN EQUATION AND FOKKER-PLANCK EQUATION
79
2.9.1 TRANSITION MOMENTS FOR THE LANGEVIN PROCESS
80
2.9.2 STEADY-STATE SOLUTION OF THE FOKKER-PLANCK EQUATION
81
2.9.3 TIME-DEPENDENT SOLUTION OF THE FOKKER-PLANCK EQUATION
83
2.10 THE WIENER PROCESS (OR ONE-DIMENSIONAL RANDOM WALK)
84
2.10.1 THE RANDOM WALK PROBLEM
84
2.10.2 JOINT PROBABILITIES AND AUTOCORRELATION
86
2.10.3 EQUATION OF MOTION OF THE WIENER PROCESS
87
PROBLEMS
88
3 SOME USEFUL MATHEMATICAL TECHNIQUES
92
3.1 THE COMPLEX ANALYTIC SIGNAL
92
3.1.1 DEFINITION AND BASIC PROPERTIES OF ANALYTIC SIGNALS
92
3.1.2 QUASI-MONOCHROMATIC SIGNALS AND THEIR ENVELOPES
97
3.1.3 RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN CORRELATION FUNCTIONS OF REAL AND ASSOCIATE
D COMPLEX ANALYTIC RANDOM PROCESSES
102
3.1.4 STATISTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE ANALYTIC SIGNAL ASSOCIATED WITH A
REA L GAUSSIAN RANDOM PROCESS
106
3.2 THE ANGULAR SPECTRUM REPRESENTATION OF WAVEFIELDS
109
3.2.1 THE ANGULAR SPECTRUM OF A WAVEFIELD IN A SLAB GEOMETRY
109
3.2.2 THE ANGULAR SPECTRUM OF A WAVEFIELD IN A HALF-SPACE
112
3.2.3 AN EXAMPLE : DIFFRACTION BY A SEMI-TRANSPARENT OBJECT
118
3.2.4 THE WEYL REPRESENTATION OF A SPHERICAL WAVE
120
3.2.5 THE RAYLEIGH DIFFRACTION FORMULAS
125
IMAGE 5
3.3 THE METHOD OF STATIONARY PHASE
128
3.3.1 DEFINITION OF AN ASYMPTOTIC EXPANSION
128
3.3.2 METHOD OF STATIONARY PHASE FOR SINGLE INTEGRALS
128
3.3.3 METHOD OF STATIONARY PHASE FOR DOUBLE INTEGRALS
133
3.3.4 AN EXAMPLE : FAR-ZONE BEHAVIOR OF THE ANGULAR SPECTRU M
REPRESENTATION OF WAVEFIELDS
141
PROBLEMS
144
4 SECOND-ORDER COHERENCE THEORY OF SCALAR WAVEFIELDS
147
4.1 INTRODUCTION
147
4.2 SOME ELEMENTARY CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS
148
4.2.1 TEMPORAL COHERENCE AND THE COHERENCE TIME
148
4.2.2 SPATIAL COHERENCE AND THE COHERENCE AREA
150
4.2.3 COHERENCE VOLUME AND THE DEGENERACY PARAMETER
155
4.3 INTERFERENCE OF TWO STATIONARY LIGHT BEAMS AS A SECOND-ORDE R
CORRELATION PHENOMENON
159
4.3.1 THE LAWS OF INTERFERENCE . THE MUTUAL COHERENCE FUNCTION AND TH E
COMPLEX DEGREE OF COHERENCE
160
4.3.2 SECOND-ORDER CORRELATIONS IN THE SPACE-FREQUENCY DOMAIN. THE
CROSS-SPECTRAL DENSITY AND THE SPECTRAL DEGREE OF COHERENCE
170
4.3.3 COHERENCE TIME AND BANDWIDTH
176
4.4 PROPAGATION OF CORRELATIONS
180
4.4.1 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS FOR THE PROPAGATION OF THE MUTUAL COHERENCE
AND OF THE CROSS-SPECTRAL DENSITY IN FREE SPACE
181
4.4.2 PROPAGATION OF CORRELATIONS FROM A PLANE
183
4.4.3 PROPAGATION OF CORRELATIONS FROM FINITE SURFACES
186
4.4.4 THE VAN CITTERT-ZERNIKE THEOREM
188
4.4.5 PROPAGATION OF CORRELATIONS FROM PRIMARY SOURCES
193
4.5 FIELDS OF SPECIAL TYPES
196
4.5.1 CROSS-SPECTRALLY PURE LIGHT
196
4.5.2 COHERENT LIGHT IN THE SPACE-TIME DOMAIN
200
4.5.3 COHERENT LIGHT IN THE SPACE-FREQUENCY DOMAIN
205
4.6 FREE FIELDS OF ANY STATE OF COHERENCE
207
4.6.1 SUDARSHAN S EQUATIONS FOR THE PROPAGATION OF SECOND-ORDER
CORRELATION FUNCTIONS OF FREE FIELDS
208
4.6.2 TIME EVOLUTION OF THE SECOND-ORDER CORRELATION FUNCTIONS OF FREE
FIELDS
211
4.6.3 A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL COHERENCE PROPERTIES
OF FREE FIELDS
212
4.6.4 A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SPECTRAL PROPERTIES AND SPATIAL COHERENCE
PROPERTIES OF FREE FIELDS
213
4.7 COHERENT-MODE REPRESENTATION AND ENSEMBLE REPRESENTATION O F SOURCES
AND FIELDS IN THE SPACE-FREQUENCY DOMAIN
213
4.7.1 COHERENT-MODE REPRESENTATION OF PARTIALLY COHERENT FIELDS IN FREE
SPACE
214
4.7.2 RIGOROUS REPRESENTATION OF THE CROSS-SPECTRAL DENSITY ASA
CORRELATION FUNCTION
218
4.7.3 NATURAL MODES OF OSCILLATIONS OF PARTIALLY COHERENT PRIMAR Y
SOURCES AND A REPRESENTATION OF THEIR CROSS-SPECTRAL DENSITY AS A
CORRELATION FUNCTION
220
IMAGE 6
APPENDIX 4.1 THE KERNEL H(R) OF THE INTEGRAL TRANSFORM REPRESENTATIO
N
OF THE OPERATOR /(-V 2) [EQ . (4.6-14)]
223
APPENDIX 4.2 THE GREEN S FUNCTION G(R, T) FOR THE TIME EVOLUTIO N OF THE
ANALYTIC SIGNAL REPRESENTATION OF FREE FIELDS AND ITS FOURIE R TRANSFORM
G(R, V) [EQS . (4.6-19) AND (4 .6-34)]
224
PROBLEMS
225
5 RADIATION FROM SOURCES OF ANY STATE OF COHERENCE
229
5.1 INTRODUCTION
229
5.2 RADIATION FROM THREE-DIMENSIONAL PRIMARY SOURCES
229
5.2.1 GENERAL FORMULAS
229
5.2.2 RADIATION FROM SOME MODEL SOURCES
233
5.3 RADIATION FROM PLANAR, SECONDARY SOURCES
239
5.3.1 GENERAL FORMULAS
239
5.3.2 RADIATION FROM PLANAR, SECONDARY, QUASI-HOMOGENEOUS SOURCES
242
5.3.3 AN INVERSE PROBLEM FOR PLANAR, SECONDARY, QUASI-HOMOGENEOUS
SOURCES
245
5.4 EQUIVALENCE THEOREMS FOR PLANAR SOURCES WHICH GENERATE THE SAM E
RADIANT INTENSITY
250
5.4.1 AN EQUIVALENCE THEOREM FOR PLANAR SOURCES
251
5.4.2 EXAMPLE : EQUIVALENT GAUSSIAN SCHELL-MODEL SOURCES
252
5.4.3 AN EXPERIMENTAL TEST OF THE EQUIVALENCE THEOREM
256
5.5 COHERENT-MODE REPRESENTATION OF GAUSSIAN SCHELL-MODEL SOURCES
259
5.6 OPTICAL BEAMS
263
5.6.1 MONOCHROMATIC BEAMS
263
5.6.2 EXAMPLE : MONOCHROMATIC GAUSSIAN BEAMS
267
5.6.3 PARTIALLY COHERENT BEAMS
272
5.6.4 GAUSSIAN SCHELL-MODEL BEAMS
276
5.7 FOUNDATIONS OF RADIOMETRY
287
5.7,1 ENERGY DENSITY, ENERGY FLUX AND THE ENERGY CONSERVATION LAW I N
SCALAR WAVEFIELDS
287
5.7.2 BASIC CONCEPTS OF RADIOMETRY
292
5.7.3 RADIANCE FUNCTION OF A PLANAR, SECONDARY, QUASI-HOMOGENEOUS SOURCE
297
5.7.4 RADIATIVE ENERGY TRANSFER MODEL
301
5.7.5 RADIOMETRY AS A SHORT WAVELENGTH LIMIT OF STATISTICAL WAVE THEOR Y
WITH QUASI-HOMOGENEOUS SOURCES
303
5.8 EFFECTS OF SPATIAL COHERENCE OF A SOURCE ON THE SPECTRUM O F
RADIATED FIELDS
307
5.8.1 SPECTRUM OF THE FIELD GENERATED BY TWO PARTIALLY CORRELATED
SOURCES 30 7 5.8.2 SPECTRUM OF THE FAR FIELD GENERATED BY PLANAR,
SECONDARY, QUASI-HOMOGENEOUS SOURCES
318
5.8.3 A CONDITION FOR SPECTRAL INVARIANCE: THE SCALING LAW FOR PLANAR ,
SECONDARY, QUASI-HOMOGENEOUS SOURCES
327
APPENDIX 5.1 DERIVATION OF THE ASYMPTOTIC APPROXIMATION (5.7-103)
332
APPENDIX 5.2 PRODUCT THEOREM FOR GAUSSIAN FUNCTIONS
335
PROBLEMS
337
IMAGE 7
6 SECOND-ORDER COHERENCE THEORY OF VECTOR ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS
340
6.1 INTRODUCTION
340
6.2 THE 2 X 2 EQUAL-TIME COHERENCE MATRIX OF A WELL-COLLIMATED, UNIFORM
, QUASI-MONOCHROMATIC LIGHT BEAM
342
6.3 COMPLETELY UNPOLARIZED AND COMPLETELY POLARIZED LIGHT . THE DEGRE E
OF POLARIZATION
350
6.3.1 UNPOLARIZED LIGHT (NATURAL LIGHT)
350
6.3.2 COMPLETELY POLARIZED LIGHT
351
6.3.3 THE DEGREE OF POLARIZATION
352
6.4 TRANSMISSION OF A QUASI-MONOCHROMATIC BEAM THROUGH LINEAR,
NONIMAGE-FORMING DEVICES
355
6.4.1 A COMPENSATOR
357
6.4.2 AN ABSORBER
358
6.4.3 A ROTATOR
358
6.4.4 A POLARIZER
359
6.4.5 A CASCADED SYSTEM
360
6.5 THE GENERAL SECOND-ORDER COHERENCE MATRICES AND COHERENCE TENSOR S
OF A STATIONARY ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD
363
6.5.1 THE ELECTRIC, MAGNETIC AND MIXED COHERENCE MATRICES (TENSORS)
363
6.5.2 FIRST-ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS FOR THE PROPAGATION OF THE
COHERENCE TENSORS
365
6.5.3 WAVE EQUATIONS FOR PROPAGATION OF THE COHERENCE TENSORS
367
6.6 THE SECOND-ORDER CROSS-SPECTRAL DENSITY TENSORS OF A STATIONAR Y
ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD
369
6.6.1 THE ELECTRIC, MAGNETIC AND MIXED CROSS-SPECTRAL DENSITY TENSORS
369
6.6.2 FIRST-ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS FOR THE PROPAGATION OF THE
CROSS-SPECTRAL DENSITY TENSORS
372
6.6.3 HELMHOLTZ EQUATIONS FOR PROPAGATION OF THE CROSS-SPECTRAL DENSITY
TENSORS
372
PROBLEMS
373
7 SOME APPLICATIONS OF SECOND-ORDER COHERENCE THEORY
375
7.1 INTRODUCTION
375
7.2 STELLAR INTERFEROMETRY
375
7.3 INTERFERENCE SPECTROSCOPY
381
7.3.1 GENERAL PRINCIPLES
381
7.3.2 THE PHASE PROBLEM
384
7.4 COHERENCE OF TRANSVERSE LASER RESONATOR MODES
389
7.4.1 STEADY-STATE CONDITION FOR THE CROSS-SPECTRAL DENSITY OF LIGHT ATA
RESONATOR MIRROR
389
7.4.2 NATURE OF THE SOLUTIONS OF THE INTEGRAL EQUATION (7 .4-7)
391
7.5 DIELECTRIC RESPONSE AND THE SPECTRUM OF INDUCED POLARIZATION IN A
FLUCTUATING MEDIUM
396
7.5.1 MEDIUM WHOSE MACROSCOPIC PROPERTIES DO NOT CHANGE IN TIME
396
7.5.2 MEDIUM WHOSE MACROSCOPIC PROPERTIES DEPEND ON TIME INA
DETERMINISTIC MANNER
397
7.5.3 MEDIUM WHOSE MACROSCOPIC PROPERTIES CHANGE RANDOMLY IN TIME
399
IMAGE 8
7.6 SCATTERING FROM RANDOM MEDIA
401
7 .6.1 BASIC EQUATIONS FOR DETERMINISTIC SCATTERING
401
7 .6.2 SCATTERING FROM DETERMINISTIC MEDIA IN THE FIRST-ORDER BOR N
APPROXIMATION
403
7.6 .3 SCATTERING FROM RANDOM MEDIA IN THE FIRST-ORDER BOR N
APPROXIMATION
406
7 .6.4 SOME SPECIAL CASES
409
7.6 .5 SCATTERING FROM A SIMPLE FLUID
414
APPENDIX 7 .1 EVALUATION OF THE EXPECTATION VALU E
((T( K, W )~LM( K , W ) » [EQ . (7 .6-36)]
418
PROBLEMS
419
8 HIGHER-ORDER CORRELATIONS IN OPTICAL FIELDS
422
8.1 INTRODUCTION
422
8.2 SPACE-TIME CORRELATION FUNCTIONS OF ARBITRARY ORDER
422
8.3 SPACE-FREQUENCY CORRELATION FUNCTIONS OF ARBITRARY ORDER
425
8.4 CORRELATION FUNCTIONS OF FIELDS OBEYING GAUSSIAN STATISTICS
428
8.4 .1 SPACE-TIME DOMAIN
428
8.4 .2 SPACE-FREQUENCY DOMAIN
432
8.5 COHERENT-MODE REPRESENTATION OF CROSS-SPECTRAL DENSITIES O F
ARBITRARY ORDER
433
8.5 .1 GENERAL EXPRESSIONS
433
8.5.2 A SINGLE-MODE FIELD
435
8.5 .3 FIELDS OBEYING GAUSSIAN STATISTICS
436
PROBLEMS
436
9 SEMICLASSICAL THEORY OF PHOTOELECTRIC DETECTION OF LIGHT
438
9.1 INTRODUCTION
438
9.2 REVIEW OF ELEMENTARY QUANTUM MECHANICS
439
9.3 THE DIFFERENTIAL PHOTODETECTION PROBABILITY
441
9.4 JOINT PROBABILITIES OF MULTIPLE PHOTODETECTIONS
445
9.5 INTEGRAL DETECTION PROBABILITIES
446
9.6 PHOTOELECTRIC DETECTION IN A FLUCTUATING FIELD
446
9.6 .1 PHOTOELECTRIC BUNCHING
448
9.7 PHOTOELECTRIC COUNTING STATISTICS OF A FLUCTUATING FIELD
449
9.8 PHOTOELECTRIC CURRENT FLUCTUATIONS
452
9.8.1 SPECIAL CASES
45 6
9.8.2 THERMAL LIGHT
457
9 .8.3 SPECTRAL DENSITY OF THE PHOTOCURRENT
457
9.9 THE HANBURY BROWN-TWISS EFFECT (SEMI-CLASSICAL TREATMENT)
458
9.10 STELLAR INTENSITY INTERFEROMETRY
460
9.11 FLUCTUATION SPECTROSCOPY
462
PROBLEMS
464
IMAGE 9
10 QUANTIZATION OF THE FREE ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD
465
10.1 INTRODUCTION
465
10.2 CLASSICAL FIELD HAMILTONIAN AND THE CANONICAL EQUATIONS OF MOTION
46 6 10.2.1 PLANE WAVE EXPANSIONS
467
10.2.2 UNIT POLARIZATION VECTORS
468
10.2.3 ENERGY OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD
472
10.3 CANONICAL QUANTIZATION OF THE TRANSVERSE FIELD
473
10.4 SPECTRUM OF THE ENERGY ; PHOTONS
476
10.4.1 FOCK STATES
478
10.4.2 APPROXIMATELY LOCALIZED PHOTONS
480
10.4.3 FOCK STATES AS A BASIS
480
10.4.4 THE Q-REPRESENTATION OF THE FOCK STATE
482
10.4.5 TIME DEPENDENCE OF THE FIELD OPERATORS
483
10.5 MOMENTUM OF THE QUANTIZED FIELD
484
10.6 ANGULAR MOMENTUM OF THE QUANTIZED FIELD
485
10.6.1 ANGULAR MOMENTUM AS A CONSTANT OF THE MOTION
486
10.6.2 DECOMPOSITION OF THE TOTAL ANGULAR MOMENTUM
488
10.6.3 INTRINSIC (OR SPIN) ANGULAR MOMENTUM
490
10.6.4 ORBITAL ANGULAR MOMENTUM
491
10.7 PHASE OPERATORS FOR THE QUANTIZED FIELD
492
10.7.1 FIRST ATTEMPTS TO CONSTRUCT A PHASE OPERATOR
492
10.7.2 COSINE AND SINE OPERATORS
494
10.7.3 PHASE OPERATOR BASED ON THE PHASE STATE PROJECTOR
495
10.7.4 OPERATIONALLY DEFINED PHASE OPERATORS
497
10.8 SPACE-TIME COMMUTATION RELATIONS
500
10.8.1 EQUATIONS OF MOTION FOR T AND B
503
10.9 VACUUM FLUCTUATIONS
504
10.9.1 FLUCTUATIONS OF LOCALLY AVERAGED FIELDS
505
10.9.2 ORDER OF MAGNITUDE OF VACUUM FLUCTUATIONS
507
10.9.3 THE CASIMIR FORCE BETWEEN CONDUCTORS
508
10.9.4 THE LAMB SHIFT
509
10.9.5 VACUUM EFFECTS IN THE BEAM SPLITTER
511
10.10 CONTINUOUS FOCK SPACE
512
10.11 SOME THEOREMS ON OPERATOR ALGEBRA
515
10.11,1 THE OPERATOR EXPANSION THEOREM
515
10.11.2 THEOREMS ON SIMILARITY TRANSFORMATION
517
10.11.3 DERIVATIVE THEOREMS
518
10.11.4 NORMAL AND ANTINORMAL ORDERING
518
10.11.5 THE CAMPBELL-BAKER-HAUSDORFF THEOREM
519
PROBLEMS
520
11 COHERENT STATES OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD
522
11.1 INTRODUCTION
522
11.2 FOCK REPRESENTATION OF THE COHERENT STATE
523
11.3 THE COHERENT STATE AS A DISPLACED VACUUM STATE - TH E DISPLACEMENT
OPERATOR
525
11.3.1 PROPERTIES OF THE DISPLACEMENT OPERATOR
526
IMAGE 10
11.4 Q-REPRESENTATION OF THE COHERENT STATE
528
11.5 TIME EVOLUTION AND UNCERTAINTY PRODUCTS
529
11.5.1 CANONICAL UNCERTAINTY PRODUCT
530
11.5.2 MORE GENERAL STATES OF MINIMUM UNCERTAINTY PRODUCT
531
11.6 COHERENT STATES AS A BASIS ; NON-ORTHOGONALITY AND OVER
COMPLETENESS
533
11.6.1 LINEAR DEPENDENCE OF COHERENT STATES
534
11.6.2 OVER-COMPLETENESS
535
11.6.3 REPRESENTATION OF OPERATORS IN TERMS OF COHERENT STATES
537
11.6.4 EVALUATION OF MATRIX ELEMENTS OF OPERATORS IN NORMAL ORDER
537
11.7 REPRESENTATION OF STATES AND OPERATORS BY ENTIRE FUNCTIONS
538
11.8 DIAGONAL COHERENT-STATE REPRESENTATION OF THE DENSITY OPERATO R
(GLAUBER-SUDARSHAN P-REPRESENTATION)
540
11.8.1 QUASI-PROBABILITY DENSITIES ; THE WIGNER DISTRIBUTION
541
11.8.2 TWO VIRTUES OF THE DIAGONAL REPRESENTATION
542
11.8.3 DIAGONAL REPRESENTATION OF P BY A SEQUENCE OF FUNCTIONS
543
11.8.4 DIAGONAL REPRESENTATION OF THE DENSITY OPERATOR IN ANTI-NORMAL
ORDER
544
11.8.5 INTEGRAL REPRESENTATION OF ~(V)
545
11.8.6 EXAMPLES OF C(V)
546
11.9 THE OPTICAL EQUIVALENCE THEOREM FOR NORMALLY ORDERED OPERATORS
555
11.9.1 QUANTUM CHARACTERISTIC FUNCTIONS
557
11.10 MORE GENERAL PHASE SPACE REPRESENTATIONS
558
11.10.1 INTRODUCTION
558
11.10.2 OPERATOR ORDERING
559
11.10.3 APPLICATION TO QUANTUM EXPECTATIONS AND THE DIAGONAL COHERENT
STATE REPRESENTATION
561
11.11 MULTIMODE FIELDS
562
11.11.1 COHERENT STATES IN THE CONTINUOUS MODE REPRESENTATION
565
11.12 POSITIVE-FREQUENCY AND NEGATIVE-FREQUENCY FIELD OPERATORS
565
11.12.1 COMMUTATION RELATIONS
567
11.12.2 NORMALLY ORDERED CORRELATIONS
567
11.13 THE FIELD PRODUCED BY A CLASSICAL CURRENT
568
PROBLEMS
570
12 QUANTUM CORRELATIONS AND PHOTON STATISTICS
573
12.1 INTRODUCTION
573
12.2 PHOTOELECTRIC MEASUREMENT OF THE OPTICAL FIELD ; NORMAL ORDERING
573
12.2.1 MULTIPLE PHOTODETECTIONS ; HIGHER-ORDER CORRELATION FUNCTIONS
576
12.2.2 ORDERING SYMBOLS AND ORDERING OPERATORS
578
12.3 PHOTON DENSITY OPERATOR
579
12.4 INTERFERENCE EXPERIMENTS ; SECOND-ORDER CORRELATION FUNCTIONS
582
12.5 CORRELATION FUNCTIONS AND CROSS-SPECTRAL DENSITIES OF ARBITRAR Y
ORDER
584
12.5.1 PROPERTIES OF CORRELATION FUNCTIONS
585
12.5.2 CROSS-SPECTRAL DENSITIES OF ARBITRARY ORDER
588
12.5.3 PHASE-INDEPENDENT PHASE SPACE FUNCTIONS
589
IMAGE 11
12.6 DEGREE AND ORDER OF COHERENCE
590
12.7 IMPLICATIONS OF SECOND-ORDER COHERENCE
593
12.7.1 FACTORIZATION OF THE CORRELATION FUNCTIONS
593
12.7.2 CORRELATIONS OF ARBITRARY ORDER
595
12.7.3 DENSITY OPERATOR OF THE FIELD
596
12.7.4 WAVE PACKETS AS MODES
598
12.8 STATIONARITY, HOMOGENEITY, ISOTROPY
601
12.8.1 STATIONARITY
601
12.8.2 CONDITION ON THE DENSITY OPERATOR
604
12.8.3 PROPERTIES OF CROSS-SPECTRAL DENSITIES FOR STATIONARY FIELDS
605
12.8.4 HOMOGENEITY
607
12.8.5 ISOTROPY
609
12.9 ANTI-NORMALLY ORDERED CORRELATIONS
611
12.9.1 THE QUANTUM . COUNTER
61 2
12.9.2 SUBSTITUTION OF DIFFERENTIAL OPERATORS
617
12.9.3 PHASE SPACE FUNCTIONAL FOR ANTI-NORMALLY ORDERED CORRELATIONS
618
12.10 PHOTON STATISTICS
622
12 .10.1 PROBABILITIES
623
12 .10.2 TESTS FOR NON-CLASSICAL STATES
625
12 .10.3 MOMENTS OF N
626
12 .10.4 GENERATING FUNCTIONS FOR PHOTON NUMBERS IN NORMAL AN D
ANTI-NORMAL ORDER
627
12.11 THE PROBLEM OF LOCALIZING PHOTONS
629
12 .11.1 CONFIGURATION SPACE PHOTON NUMBER OPERATOR
630
12 .11.2 COMMUTATION RELATIONS
630
12 .11.3 EIGENSTATES OF N(V , T)
63 3
12 .11.4 PHOTON STATISTICS IN A FINITE VOL
63 5
12 .11.5 POLYCHROMATIC PHOTONS AND NON-LOCALITY
63 5
12.12 EFFECT OF AN ATTENUATOR OR BEAM SPLITTER ON THE QUANTUM FIELD
639
12 .12.1 OPERATOR RELATIONS
640
12 .12.2 PHOTON CORRELATIONS
64 1
12 .12.3 MICHELSON INTERFEROMETER
643
12 .12.4 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INPUT AND OUTPUT STATES FOR THE BEA M
SPLITTER
644
12.13 EFFECT OF A POLARIZER ON THE FIELD
647
12.14 EINSTEIN LOCALITY AND PHOTON CORRELATIONS
648
12 .14.1 THE EINSTEIN-PODOLSKY-ROSEN PARADOX FOR AN ENTANGLED TWO PHOTON
STATE
649
12 .14.2 BELL S INEQUALITY
65 1
12 .14.3 CLAUSER-HORNE FORM OF BELL S INEQUALITY
653
12 .14.4 EXPERIMENTAL CONFIRMATION
655
12.14.5 NON-CLASSICAL STATES AND BELL INEQUALITIES
656
PROBLEMS
657
13 RADIATION FROM THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM SOURCES
659
13.1 BLACKBODY RADIATION
659
13.1 .1 THE DENSITY OPERATOR
659
13.1.2 PHOTON STATISTICS
660
13.1.3 POLARIZATION
663
13.1.4 SPECTRAL DISTRIBUTIONS
664
13.1.5 THE DIAGONAL COHERENT-STATE REPRESENTATION OF P
666
IMAGE 12
13.1.6 CORRELATION FUNCTIONS OF BLACKBODY RADIATION
667
13.1.7 HIGHER-ORDER CORRELATIONS
670
13.1.8 ISOTROPY OF BLACKBODY RADIATION
671
13.1.9 INTENSITY FLUCTUATIONS OF BLACKBODY RADIATION
672
13.2 THERMAL LIGHT
674
13.3 STATIONARY, THERMAL LIGHT BEAMS
675
13.3.1 INTENSITY FLUCTUATIONS OF A THERMAL LIGHT BEAM
676
13.3.2 PHOTON STATISTICS WITH EQUAL AVERAGE OCCUPATION NUMBERS
679
PROBLEMS
681
14 QUANTUM THEORY OF PHOTOELECTRIC DETECTION OF LIGHT
683
14.1 INTERACTIONS OF A QUANTIZED ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD
683
14.1.1 PERTURBATIVE SOLUTION IN THE INTERACTION PICTURE
684
14.1.2 THE ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERACTION BETWEEN FIELDS AND CHARGES
686
14.1.3 MULTIPOLAR HAMILTONIAN
689
14.2 THE ONE-ELECTRON PHOTODETECTION PROBABILITY
691
14.2.1 APPLICATION TO THE PURE COHERENT STATE
696
14.2.2 EVALUATION OF THE PROBABILITY IN THE QUASI-MONOCHROMATI C
APPROXIMATION
698
14.2.3 EVALUATION OF THE ELECTRON MATRIX ELEMENT
699
14.2.4 EVALUATION OF THE DETECTION PROBABILITY FOR AN AXIALLY SYMMETRI C
DETECTOR
700
14.3 AN N-ELECTRON PHOTODETECTOR
702
14.4 THE MULTIPLE PHOTOELECTRIC DETECTION PROBABILITY
703
14.5 THE MULTIPLE DETECTION PROBABILITY FOR AN ARBITRARY INITIAL STAT E
OF THE FIELD
704
14.6 PHOTOELECTRIC CORRELATIONS
707
14.6.1 THE HANBURY BROWN-TWISS EFFECT (QUANTUM TREATMENT)
708
14.6.2 PHOTOCURRENT CORRELATIONS
709
14.7 BUNCHING AND ANTIBUNCHING
712
14.7.1 COINCIDENCE DETECTION
713
14.7.2 TWO-TIME PULSE CORRELATION MEASUREMENTS
714
14.7.3 ANTIBUNCHING
719
14.7.4 THE TIME INTERVAL DISTRIBUTION OF PHOTOELECTRIC PULSES
720
14.8 PHOTOELECTRIC COUNTING STATISTICS
723
14.8.1 THE INTEGRAL DETECTION PROBABILITY
724
14.8.2 EXAMPLES OF THE DETECTION PROBABILITY
727
14.8.3 A NATURAL MEASURE OF COHERENCE TIME
733
14.9 PROPERTIES OF THE DETECTION PROBABILITY P(N, T, T + T)
734
14.9.1 GENERATING FUNCTIONS AND THE INVERSION PROBLEM
734
14.9.2 THE SECOND MOMENT AND SUB-POISSONIAN COUNTING STATISTICS
736
14.9.3 DERIVING CORRELATION FUNCTIONS FROM COUNTING STATISTICS
738
PROBLEMS
739
15 INTERACTION BETWEEN LIGHT AND A TWO-LEVEL ATOM
741
15.1 DYNAMICAL VARIABLES FOR A TWO-LEVEL ATOM
741
15.1.1 ATOMIC ENERGY AND ATOMIC DIPOLE MOMENT
744
IMAGE 13
15
.2 BLOCH-REPRESENTATION OF THE STATE
746
15 .2 .1 EXPECTATION VALUES OF SPIN OPERATORS
74 8
15.3 INTERACTION OF AN ATOM WITH A CLASSICAL FIELD
749
15 .3 .1 BLOCH EQUATIONS
75 0
15 .3 .2 BLOCH EQUATIONS IN THE ROTATING FRAME
75 3
15 .3 .3 THE RABI PROBLEM
75 4
15 .3 .4 THE RESPONSE OF THE ATOM TO A LIGHT PULSE
75 6
15 .3 .5 HYPERBOLIC SECANT 27R-PULSE
75 8
15.4 INTERACTION BETWEEN AN ATOM AND A QUANTUM FIELD - PERTURBATIV E
TREATMENT
761
15 .4 .1 ABSORPTION AND EMISSION OF PHOTONS
76 2
15.5 INTERACTION BETWEEN AN ATOM AND A QUANTUM FIELD NON-PERTURBATIVE
TREATMENT
765
15 .5 .1 HEISENBERG EQUATIONS OF MOTION
76 5
15 .5 .2 APPROXIMATE SOLUTION - THE EINSTEIN A-COEFFICIENT AND TH E LAMB
SHIFT
76 9
15 .5 .3 INTEGRAL EQUATIONS OF MOTION
77 1
15 .5 .4 SPONTANEOUS EMISSION
77 2
15.6 RESONANCE FLUORESCENCE
774
15 .6 .1 TIME DEVELOPMENT OF THE LIGHT INTENSITY
77 5
15 .6 .2 THE ATOMIC SCATTERING CROSS-SECTION
77 9
15 .6 .3 SPECTRUM OF THE FLUORESCENCE
78 1
15 .6 .4 INTENSITY CORRELATION OF THE FLUORESCENCE
78 5
15 .6 .5 MEASUREMENTS OF PHOTON ANTIBUNCHING
78 7
15 .6 .6 SUB-POISSONIAN PHOTON STATISTICS
78 8
15.7 DEFLECTION OF ATOMS BY LIGHT
790
15 .7 .1 MOMENTUM TRANSFER AFTER N SPONTANEOUS EMISSIONS
79 1
15 .7 .2 MOMENTUM TRANSFER BY STIMULATED EMISSION OR GRADIENT FORCES IN
A STRONG FIELD
79 5
15.8 COOLING AND TRAPPING OF ATOMS
799
15 .8 .1 OPTICAL MOLASSES
80 0
15 .8 .2 AN ESTIMATE OF ACHIEVABLE LOW TEMPERATURE BASED ON ENERG Y
BALANCE
80 1
PROBLEMS
803
16 COLLECTIVE ATOMIC INTERACTIONS
805
16.1 OPTICAL FREE INDUCTION DECAY
805
16 .1 .1 EXPERIMENTS
80 8
16.2 PHOTON ECHO
809
16 .2 .1 ECHO EXPERIMENTS
812
16.3 SELF-INDUCED TRANSPARENCY
813
16 .3 .1 EQUATIONS OF MOTION OF THE PULSE ENVELOPE
814
16 .3 .2 THE AREA THEOREM OF MCCALL AND HAHN
81 6
16 .3 .3 THE PULSE SHAPE
81 8
16 .3 .4 THE PULSE VELOCITY
822
16.4 OPTICAL BISTABILITY
822
16 .4 .1 ABSORPTIVE BISTABILITY IN A RING CAVITY
824
IMAGE 14
16.4 .2 DISPERSIVE BISTABILITY
830
16 .4.3 CHAOS IN OPTICAL BISTABILITY
831
16.5 COLLECTIVE ATOMIC STATES AND COLLECTIVE DYNAMICAL VARIABLES
832
16.5 .1 DICKE STATES
834
16 .5.2 DEGENERACY OF DICKE STATES
839
16.6 COOPERATIVE ATOMIC RADIATION
839
16.6 .1 DICKE SUPERRADIANCE
840
16 .6.2 COOPERATIVE RADIATION IN AN ATOMIC PRODUCT STATE
841
16,6 .3 TIME DEVELOPMENT OF SUPERRADIANCE
843
16.6 .4 SOME ADDITIONAL COMPLICATIONS
847
16.6 .5 MORE GENERAL COOPERATIVE RADIATION
848
16 .6.6 SUPERRADIANT CLASSICAL OSCILLATIONS
850
16.7 ATOMIC COHERENT STATES
852
16 .7.1 BLOCH-REPRESENTATION OF THE ATOMIC COHERENT STATE
854
16,7 .2 NON-ORTHOGONALITY AND OVER-COMPLETENESS
855
16.7 .3 THE ATOMIC STATE PRODUCED BY A CLASSICAL FIELD
857
PROBLEMS
858
17 SOME GENERAL TECHNIQUES FOR TREATING INTERACTING SYSTEMS
860
17.1 THE QUANTUM REGRESSION THEOREM
860
17.1 .1 SINGLE-TIME EXPECTATION VALUES
862
17.1 .2 MULTI-TIME EXPECTATION VALUES
862
17.1 .3 SPONTANEOUS ATOMIC EMISSION
863
17 .1.4 RESONANCE FLUORESCENCE OF A TWO-LEVEL ATOM
864
17.1 .5 QUANTUM REGRESSION THEOREM FOR NORMALLY ORDERED FIEL D OPERATORS
866
17.2 THE FLUCTUATION-DISSIPATION THEOREM
867
17.2 .1 A SIMPLE CLASSICAL LINEAR DISSIPATIVE SYSTEM
867
17 .2.2 QUANTUM MECHANICAL LINEAR DISSIPATIVE SYSTEM
870
17 .2.3 POWER DISSIPATION
871
17.2 .4 CURRENT FLUCTUATIONS IN THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM
872
17 .2.5 SPECTRAL DENSITY OF THE FLUCTUATIONS
874
17 .2.6 BROWNIAN MOTION OF A PARTICLE
876
17.2 .7 FIELD FLUCTUATIONS IN BLACKBODY RADIATION
876
17.3 MASTER EQUATIONS
877
17.3.1 THE PAULI MASTER EQUATION
878
17.3.2 ZWANZIG S GENERALIZED MASTER EQUATION
880
17.3.3 APPLICATION TO THE PAULI EQUATION .
882
17.3.4 APPLICATION TO THE DICKE PROBLEM
883
17.3.5 LINEAR DAMPING OF OFF-DIAGONAL MATRIX ELEMENTS
886
17.4 QUANTUM NOISE SOURCES AND QUANTUM LANGEVIN EQUATIONS
887
17.4.1 INTRODUCTION
887
17.4.2 EQUATIONS OF MOTION OF THE QUANTUM SYSTEM
888
17.4.3 COMMUTATION RELATIONS
891
17.4.4 TWO-TIME CORRELATION FUNCTIONS
893
17.4.5 LANGEVIN EQUATION FOR THE EXCITATION OF THE SYSTEM OSCILLATOR
896
17.4.6 IRREVERSIBILITY AND THE ARROW OF TIME
897
PROBLEMS
898
IMAGE 15
18 THE SINGLE-MODE LASER
900
18.1 INTRODUCTION
900
18.1.1 CONDITION FOR LASER ACTION
902
18.2 SEMICLASSICAL THEORY OF THE LASER
903
18.2.1 NORMAL MODES OF A CAVITY
905
18.2.2 EQUATION OF MOTION OF THE LASER FIELD
908
18.2.3 THE PHASE TRANSITION ANALOGY
913
18.3 SEMICLASSICAL LASER THEORY WITH SPONTANEOUS EMISSION NOISE
915
18.3.1 FOKKER-PLANCK EQUATION
916
18.3.2 STEADY-STATE SOLUTION
918
18.3.3 THE PHASE TRANSITION ANALOGY FOR A FLUCTUATING LASER FIELD
921
18.3.4 MOMENTS OF THE LIGHT INTENSITY
924
18.4 QUANTUM THEORY OF THE LASER
929
18.4.1 MASTER EQUATION OF THE LASER FIELD
931
18.4.2 PHOTON STATISTICS
936
18.4.3 STEADY-STATE PROBABILITY
937
18.5 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN QUANTUM AND SEMICLASSICAL LASER THEORIES
941
18.5.1 COHERENT-STATE REPRESENTATION OF THE LASER FIELD
941
18.5.2 STEADY-STATE SOLUTION OF THE MASTER EQUATION
945
18.6 SOLUTION OF THE TIME-DEPENDENT EQUATION OF MOTION
945
18.6.1 GROWTH OF THE LASER FIELD FROM THE VACUUM STATE
950
18.6.2 EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS
953
18.7 CORRELATION FUNCTIONS
954
18.7.1 GREEN S FUNCTIONS
956
18.7.2 INTENSITY CORRELATION
956
18.7.3 FIELD AMPLITUDE CORRELATION FUNCTION AND SPECTRAL DENSITY
959
18.7.4 HIGHER-ORDER CORRELATIONS
961
18.8 LASER INSTABILITIES AND CHAOS
965
18.8.1 RELATIONSHIP TO THE LORENZ MODEL
967
18.8.2 LINEAR STABILITY ANALYSIS
968
18.8.3 EXAMPLES OF LASER INSTABILITIES
970
18.8.4 A TEST FOR DETERMINISTIC CHAOS
972
PROBLEMS
974
19 THE TWO-MODE RING LASER
976
19.1 EQUATIONS OF MOTION
977
19.1.1 INCLUSION OF SPONTANEOUS EMISSION FLUCTUATIONS
980
19.2 THE STEADY-STATE SOLUTION
982
19.2.1 MOMENTS OF THE LIGHT INTENSITY
984
19.2.2 COMPARISON WITH EXPERIMENT
986
19.3 THE PHASE TRANSITION ANALOGY
989
19.3.1 MINIMA OF THE POTENTIAL
991
19.3.2 THE CASE COUPLING CONSTANT 1 : SECOND-ORDER PHASE TRANSITION
993
19.3.3 THE CASE COUPLING CONSTANT 1 : FIRST-ORDER PHASE TRANSITION
994
19.3.4 LATENT HEAT OF THE PHASE TRANSITION
1000
IMAGE 16
19.4 TIME-DEPENDENT SOLUTION WHEN MODE COUPLING = 1
1002
19.4.1 SOLUTION BY SEPARATION OF VARIABLES WHEN = 1, A L = A 2
1003
19.4.2 GREEN S FUNCTION
1007
19 .4 .3 CORRELATION FUNCTIONS
100 8
19.5 TIME-DEPENDENT BEHAVIOR IN THE MORE GENERAL CASE OF MOD E
COUPLING * 1
1011
19.5.1 MODE SWITCHING AND FIRST PASSAGE TIMES
1012
19.5.2 FIRST PASSAGE TIME DISTRIBUTIONS
1018
PROBLEMS
1019
20 THE LINEAR LIGHT AMPLIFIER
1021
20.1 INTRODUCTION
1021
20.2 MASTER EQUATION FOR THE AMPLIFIER FIELD
1022
20.3 SOLUTION OF THE MASTER EQUATION
1023
20 .3 .1 INPUT-OUTPUT CORRELATIONS
102 5
20.4 PHOTON STATISTICS
1025
20.4.1 PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS
1027
20 .4 .2 THE FULLY INVERTED LIGHT AMPLIFIER
102 9
20.5 SQUEEZED LIGHT
1030
20.6 CONDITION FOR THE AMPLIFIER OUTPUT FIELD TO BE CLASSICAL
1031
PROBLEMS
1032
21 SQUEEZED STATES OF LIGHT
1034
21.1 DEFINITION OF QUADRATURE SQUEEZING
1034
21.2 QUANTUM NATURE OF THE SQUEEZED STATE
1036
21 .3 THE UNITARY SQUEEZE OPERATOR
1038
21.3.1 SQUEEZING OF THE TWO-PHOTON COHERENT STATE
1040
21.3.2 ACTION OF THE SQUEEZE OPERATOR ON ANY STATE
1040
21.4 IDEAL SQUEEZED STATES
1042
21 .4 .1 PHOTON STATISTICS
1044
21.5 TWO-PHOTON COHERENT STATES
1046
21.5.1 TRANSFORMED FOCK STATES
1047
21 .5 .2 COHERENT-STATE REPRESENTATION OF THE TWO-PHOTON COHERENT STATE
1048 21.5.3 PHOTON STATISTICS OF THE TWO-PHOTON COHERENT STATE
1049
21.6 DETECTION OF SQUEEZING BY HOMODYNING WITH COHERENT LIGHT
1051
21.7 SQUEEZING PRODUCED IN PRACTICE : DEGENERATE PARAMETRIC DOWN
CONVERSION
1053
21 .7 .1 PRODUCTION OF A SQUEEZED STATE IN DEGENERATE PARAMETRI C
DOWN-CONVERSION
1054
21.8 BROADBAND SQUEEZED LIGHT
1056
21 .8 .1 HOMODYNING AND CORRELATION FUNCTIONS
105 8
21.8.2 QUADRATURE CORRELATIONS
1060
IMAGE 17
21 .8.3 SPECTRAL CORRELATIONS
1061
21 .8 .4 SPECTRAL COMPONENT SQUEEZING AND DEGREE OF SQUEEZING
1063
21 .8 .5 EXAMPLES OF THE DEGREE OF SQUEEZING Q(W)
1063
21.9 HIGHER-ORDER SQUEEZING
1065
21 .9 .1 NTH-ORDER SQUEEZING OF THE TWO-PHOTON COHERENT STATE
1066
21 .9 .2 AMPLITUDE-SQUARED SQUEEZING
1067
PROBLEMS
1068
22 SOME QUANTUM EFFECTS IN NONLINEAR OPTICS
1069
22.1 INTRODUCTION
1069
22.2 ENERGY OF THE FIELD IN A DIELECTRIC
1069
22.3 OPTICAL HARMONIC GENERATION
107 0
22.3 .1 SQUEEZING IN HARMONIC GENERATION
1073
22.4 PARAMETRIC DOWN-CONVERSION
1074
22 .4.1 SOLUTION OF THE EQUATIONS OF MOTION
1075
22 .4.2 PHOTON STATISTICS
1076
22 .4.3 PROOF OF NON-CLASSICAL BEHAVIOR
1078
22 .4.4 MULTIMODE PERTURBATIVE TREATMENT OF PARAMETRIC DOWN CONVERSION
1079
22 .4.5 ENTANGLED QUANTUM STATE
1082
22 .4.6 RATE OF DOWN-CONVERSION
1083
22 .4.7 TIME SEPARATION BETWEEN SIGNAL AND IDLER PHOTONS
1084
22 .4.8 INTERFERENCE EXPERIMENTS WITH TWO DOWN-CONVERTERS
1088
22.5 DEGENERATE FOUR-WAVE MIXING
1093
22 .5.1 EQUATIONS OF MOTION
1095
22 .5.2 APPLICATION TO THE COHERENT STATE
1096
22 .5.3 SQUEEZING IN FOUR-WAVE MIXING
1096
22 .5.4 PHASE CONJUGATION
1098
22.6 QUANTUM NON-DEMOLITION MEASUREMENTS
1100
22 .6.1 THE KERR EFFECT - AN EXAMPLE OF A QND VARIABLE
1102
22 .6.2 ANALYSIS OF AN INTERFERENCE EXPERIMENT
1103
22 .6.3 CALCULATION OF FRINGE VISIBILITY
1105
22 .6.4 THE PROBE WAVE PHASE SHIFT
1105
22 .6.5 COMPLEMENTARITY
1106
PROBLEMS
1107
REFERENCES
1109
AUTHOR INDEX
1140
SUBJECT INDEX
1159
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Mandel, Leonard 1927-2001 Wolf, Emil 1922-2018 |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1100198075 (DE-588)124170498 |
| author_facet | Mandel, Leonard 1927-2001 Wolf, Emil 1922-2018 |
| author_role | aut aut |
| author_sort | Mandel, Leonard 1927-2001 |
| author_variant | l m lm e w ew |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV035990321 |
| classification_rvk | UH 5600 UH 5700 |
| classification_tum | PHY 370f |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)316274335 (DE-599)GBV58475583X |
| dewey-full | 535.15 535.2 |
| dewey-hundreds | 500 - Natural sciences and mathematics |
| dewey-ones | 535 - Light and related radiation |
| dewey-raw | 535.15 535.2 |
| dewey-search | 535.15 535.2 |
| dewey-sort | 3535.15 |
| dewey-tens | 530 - Physics |
| discipline | Physik |
| edition | Repr. with corr. |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV035990321 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T22:09:08Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0521417112 9780521417112 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-018883040 |
| oclc_num | 316274335 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-83 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-91G DE-BY-TUM DE-29T DE-703 |
| owner_facet | DE-83 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-91G DE-BY-TUM DE-29T DE-703 |
| physical | XXVI, 1166 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2008 |
| publishDateSearch | 2008 |
| publishDateSort | 2008 |
| publisher | Cambridge Univ. Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Mandel, Leonard 1927-2001 Verfasser (DE-588)1100198075 aut Optical coherence and quantum optics Leonard Mandel and Emil Wolf Repr. with corr. Cambridge [u.a.] Cambridge Univ. Press 2008 XXVI, 1166 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Hier auch später erschienene unveränderte Nachdrucke Coherence (Optics) Quantum optics Kohärente Optik (DE-588)4207994-9 gnd rswk-swf Quantenoptik (DE-588)4047990-0 gnd rswk-swf Kohärenz (DE-588)4139923-7 gnd rswk-swf Kohärente Optik (DE-588)4207994-9 s Quantenoptik (DE-588)4047990-0 s DE-604 Kohärenz (DE-588)4139923-7 s 1\p DE-604 Wolf, Emil 1922-2018 Verfasser (DE-588)124170498 aut http://www.gbv.de/dms/ohb-opac/133100103.pdf lizenzfrei Inhaltsverzeichnis GBV Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018883040&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Mandel, Leonard 1927-2001 Wolf, Emil 1922-2018 Optical coherence and quantum optics Coherence (Optics) Quantum optics Kohärente Optik (DE-588)4207994-9 gnd Quantenoptik (DE-588)4047990-0 gnd Kohärenz (DE-588)4139923-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4207994-9 (DE-588)4047990-0 (DE-588)4139923-7 |
| title | Optical coherence and quantum optics |
| title_auth | Optical coherence and quantum optics |
| title_exact_search | Optical coherence and quantum optics |
| title_full | Optical coherence and quantum optics Leonard Mandel and Emil Wolf |
| title_fullStr | Optical coherence and quantum optics Leonard Mandel and Emil Wolf |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optical coherence and quantum optics Leonard Mandel and Emil Wolf |
| title_short | Optical coherence and quantum optics |
| title_sort | optical coherence and quantum optics |
| topic | Coherence (Optics) Quantum optics Kohärente Optik (DE-588)4207994-9 gnd Quantenoptik (DE-588)4047990-0 gnd Kohärenz (DE-588)4139923-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Coherence (Optics) Quantum optics Kohärente Optik Quantenoptik Kohärenz |
| url | http://www.gbv.de/dms/ohb-opac/133100103.pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018883040&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mandelleonard opticalcoherenceandquantumoptics AT wolfemil opticalcoherenceandquantumoptics |