The Nuṣayrī-ʻAlawīs: an introduction to the religion, history and identity of the leading minority in Syria
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Leiden [u.a.]
Brill
2010
|
| Series: | Islamic history and civilization
77 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XIX, 325 S. |
| ISBN: | 9789004178922 |
Staff View
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Titel: The Nuṣayrī-ʿAlawīs
Autor: Friedman, Yaron
Jahr: 2010
CONTENTS
Preface . xi
Abbreviations . xv
Note on Citation, Dates and Transliteration . xxi
Introduction . 1
I. HistoryoftheNusayris . 5
1. IbnNusayr?"The Gate ofGod" . 6
1.1 Excommunication . 8
1.2 His mystical circle . 8
1.3 The creationofa Community . 11
1.4 Financing . 12
1.5 ThenidaofIbnNusayr . 13
1.6 Successor . 14
1.7 The tradition of Ibn Nusayr's superiority over his
predecessors . 15
1.8 Literature . 16
1.9 Transition period . 16
2. Al-Husayn ibn Hamdän al-Khasibi: the founder
ofthesect . 17
2.1 His first mystical guidance. 18
2.2 His second mystical guidance . 19
2.3 Becoming a leader . 20
2.4 Open propaganda . 22
2.5 Immigration to Syria and creation of a new
Community . 23
2.6 The return to Iraq . 25
2.7 Al-Khasibi's taqiyya: posing as an Imämi scholar . 26
2.8 Establishing the Iraqi center . 28
2.9 The connection with the Buyids . 29
2.10 The successor in Iraq . 30
2.11 The successor in Aleppo . 31
2.12 Al-Khasibls writings . 33
Vi CONTENTS
3. Crystallizationandtheeditingofbooks . 34
3.1 Al-Jisri and the theological circle in Baghdad . 35
3.2 Al-Jilli inherits the leadership . 35
3.3 Signs of propaganda and conversion . 37
3.4 Al-Jillls net . 38
3.5 Judicial activity . 39
4. Maymünal-Tabaräniandthebookoftheholidays . 40
4.1 Leadership in atimeof danger . 41
5. Rival sects: Ishäqis and Druzes . 43
6. TheBanüShu'baofHarrän . 45
7. The end of the golden age . 47
8. Shaykh al-Nashshäbis travels . 48
9. Al-Makzün al-Sinjäri and the Nusayri awakening . 51
9.1 A detailed biography . 51
9.2 Al-Makzüns innovations . 53
10. Oppression under the Mamlüks . 56
10.1 First attempt to convert the Nusayris . 56
10.2 The uprising of the Nusayri mahdi . 57
10.3 A deadlyjäftvä of Ibn Taymiyya . 62
11. Nusayri medieval history?a chronological table . 64
IL The Nusayri Religion . 67
1. Western researchon the Nusayri religion . 68
2. Thenatureof thedivinity . 72
2.1 The divine triad . 73
2.1.1 Relations between ma'nä and ism . 78
2.1.2 Addition of the thirdaspectofdivinity . 79
2.1.3 The ism and the bäb . 79
2.1.4 The appearance of the triad according to
the principleof the siyäqa . 80
2.1.5 The mystical meaningof the Äyatal-nür . 80
2.2 ThedoctrineofDocetism . 81
2.2.1 Possiblesourcesofinspiration . 84
2.3 The five aytäm . 85
2.4 The personification of the deity . 88
3. The Nusayri cosmos . 91
3.1 The creation of the world and the tradition of
the letters .:. 95
3.2 The process of creation and the tradition of
the fall . 96
3.3 Gods education in his triple appearance . 101
CONTENTS VÜ
4. Transmigration and prohibited foods . 102
4.1 Levels of transmigration . 105
4.2 The process of transmigration and the
"fountain of life" . 107
4.3 Transmigration in Nusayri and Druze
doctrines . 109
5. Cyclic history . 110
5.1 The qibäb and the historical concept of time . 112
6. The gnostic mystical elevatum: ma'rifa and sirät . 115
6.1 The isra: an elevation in the divine world . 118
7. Demonologyandthepersonificationoflblis . 120
7.1 Ahierarchyof evil . 121
7.2 Demonic nicknames . 123
8. The "Prince of the Bees": 'Ali and his army of martyrs . 124
8.1 The docetic martyrdom: nidä, tasrih and
khutba . 126
9. Allegorical Interpretation of the sharia . 130
9.1 The pillars of Islam: shahäda, salät, sawm, zakät
and hajj . 131
9.2 Taqiyya, jihäd and other commandments . 143
9.2.1 Taqiyya/kitmän . 143
9.2.2 Nusayri division into 'ämma and
khässa . 144
9.3.3 The Spiritual jihäd . 147
9.3 The universal bätin of commandments and
prohibitions . 149
10. The Nusayri holidays and the creation of a new
calendar . 152
10.1 The fast (sawm) of Ramadan and Idal-Fitr . 155
10.2 The Hajj and 'Id al-Adhä . 155
10.3 Id al-Ghadir: celebration of the declaration of
the ma'nasdivinity . 156
10.4 Id al-Mubähala: celebration of the debate with
the Christians ofNajrän . 156
10.5 ldal-Firäsh:theholidayofthebed . 157
10.6 'IdÄshüntheholidayoflOMuharram . 158
10.7 Maqtal Duläm: celebration of the killing
of'Umar . 159
10.8 The night ofmid-Shabän . 160
10.9 Laylat al-Miläd: Christmas . 161
10.10 Hohdayofl7Ädhär(March) . 163
VÜi CONTENTS
10.11 Nawrüz: the Persian New Year . 164
10.12 Yawm al-Khamis al-Kabir: the holiday of
"Great Thursday" . 168
10.13 Mihrajän: the holiday of the autumn equinox . 169
Lunar Calendar . 170
Solar Calendar . 172
III. Identity between Sunna and Shfa . 175
1. Two Shi'I attitudes . 176
1.1 Al-Majlisis excommunication of theGhulät . 176
1.2 An indulgent Shi'i view concerning the
Nusayris . 180
1.3 The ambivalent attitude towards the Ghulät . 183
2. The Sunni takfir against the Nusayris . 187
2.1 Thejatwä oflbnTaymiyya . 188
2.2 Other/aftväs: against Nusayris and Druzes and
the Nusayri mahdicz.se . 192
2.3 Contextandsignificanceofthe/aftväs . 195
2.4 Refutation ofNusayrismtogetherwithShi'ism . 198
3. The Nusayri identity through the Diwan of al-Khasibl . 199
3.1 Muslims . 202
3.2 Ja foriShi'is . 204
3.3 Ghulät . 206
3.4 Nusayris . 208
4. Initiation . 210
4.1 Initiation in medieval Nusayrism . 212
4.2 Two versions of the Dustür. al-Tabaräni and
al-Adhani . 216
4.3 Terminology of initiation as a characteristic of
secret societies . 218
4.4 Initiation in modern sources . 219
5. The Nusayri brotherhood . 221
Conclusion . 223
1. Thequestionofexternalinfluences . 223
1.1 Greek philosophy and Judaism . 224
1.2 Christian inspiration . 225
1.3 Zoroastrian influence . 230
2. Identity . 233
2.1 Modern trends . 235
CONTENTS ix
Appendices
1. Primary Nusayri Sources . 241
2. Titles and Contents of Unavailable Sources . 277
3. Ciphers in the Writings of al-Tabarânï . 281
4. The Table of Ranks Based on Abdallah ibn Mu awiyas Kitäb
al-marätib wa-'l-daraj . 285
5. List of the Imams and their bäbs . 287
6. Diwan al-Khasïbî?Information and Summary . 289
7. A Summary of the Kitäb al-majmu: A Dustür (Book for
Initiates) from the Nineteenth Century . 295
8. The Fatwä of Ibn Taymiyya against the Nusayris . 299
Select Bibliography . 311
Index . 317 |
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| spelling | Friedman, Yaron Verfasser (DE-588)1203575785 aut The Nuṣayrī-ʻAlawīs an introduction to the religion, history and identity of the leading minority in Syria by Yaron Friedman Leiden [u.a.] Brill 2010 XIX, 325 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Islamic history and civilization 77 Nosairians / Syria / History Nosairians / Syria / Religion Nosairians / Syria / Ethnic identity Nosairians / Syria / Social conditions Minorities / Syria / Case studies Geschichte Minderheit Minorities Syria Case studies Nosairians Syria Ethnic identity Nosairians Syria History Nosairians Syria Religion Nosairians Syria Social conditions Nusairier (DE-588)7612763-1 gnd rswk-swf Minderheit (DE-588)4752223-9 gnd rswk-swf Syria / Ethnic relations Syria / Religious life and customs Syrien Syria Ethnic relations Syria Religious life and customs Syrien (DE-588)4058794-0 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4522595-3 Fallstudiensammlung gnd-content Nusairier (DE-588)7612763-1 s Syrien (DE-588)4058794-0 g Minderheit (DE-588)4752223-9 s DE-604 Islamic history and civilization 77 (DE-604)BV008939081 77 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018731309&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Friedman, Yaron The Nuṣayrī-ʻAlawīs an introduction to the religion, history and identity of the leading minority in Syria Islamic history and civilization Nosairians / Syria / History Nosairians / Syria / Religion Nosairians / Syria / Ethnic identity Nosairians / Syria / Social conditions Minorities / Syria / Case studies Geschichte Minderheit Minorities Syria Case studies Nosairians Syria Ethnic identity Nosairians Syria History Nosairians Syria Religion Nosairians Syria Social conditions Nusairier (DE-588)7612763-1 gnd Minderheit (DE-588)4752223-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)7612763-1 (DE-588)4752223-9 (DE-588)4058794-0 (DE-588)4522595-3 |
| title | The Nuṣayrī-ʻAlawīs an introduction to the religion, history and identity of the leading minority in Syria |
| title_auth | The Nuṣayrī-ʻAlawīs an introduction to the religion, history and identity of the leading minority in Syria |
| title_exact_search | The Nuṣayrī-ʻAlawīs an introduction to the religion, history and identity of the leading minority in Syria |
| title_full | The Nuṣayrī-ʻAlawīs an introduction to the religion, history and identity of the leading minority in Syria by Yaron Friedman |
| title_fullStr | The Nuṣayrī-ʻAlawīs an introduction to the religion, history and identity of the leading minority in Syria by Yaron Friedman |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Nuṣayrī-ʻAlawīs an introduction to the religion, history and identity of the leading minority in Syria by Yaron Friedman |
| title_short | The Nuṣayrī-ʻAlawīs |
| title_sort | the nusayri ʻalawis an introduction to the religion history and identity of the leading minority in syria |
| title_sub | an introduction to the religion, history and identity of the leading minority in Syria |
| topic | Nosairians / Syria / History Nosairians / Syria / Religion Nosairians / Syria / Ethnic identity Nosairians / Syria / Social conditions Minorities / Syria / Case studies Geschichte Minderheit Minorities Syria Case studies Nosairians Syria Ethnic identity Nosairians Syria History Nosairians Syria Religion Nosairians Syria Social conditions Nusairier (DE-588)7612763-1 gnd Minderheit (DE-588)4752223-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Nosairians / Syria / History Nosairians / Syria / Religion Nosairians / Syria / Ethnic identity Nosairians / Syria / Social conditions Minorities / Syria / Case studies Geschichte Minderheit Minorities Syria Case studies Nosairians Syria Ethnic identity Nosairians Syria History Nosairians Syria Religion Nosairians Syria Social conditions Nusairier Syria / Ethnic relations Syria / Religious life and customs Syrien Syria Ethnic relations Syria Religious life and customs Fallstudiensammlung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018731309&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV008939081 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT friedmanyaron thenusayriʻalawisanintroductiontothereligionhistoryandidentityoftheleadingminorityinsyria |