Verfügbarkeit: Mechanisms of memory

Mechanisms of memory:

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Bibliographische Detailangaben
1. Verfasser:	Sweatt, J. David (VerfasserIn)
Format:	Buch
Sprache:	English
Veröffentlicht:	Amsterdam [u.a.] Elsevier Acad. Press 2010
Ausgabe:	2. ed.
Schlagworte:	Memory > Physiological aspects Memory > physiology Psychologie Gedächtnis
Online-Zugang:	Inhaltsverzeichnis
Beschreibung:	XVII, 343 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 24 cm
ISBN:	9780123749512

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Datensatz im Suchindex

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adam_text	Contents Foreword to First Edition xi Preface to First Edition xiii Preface to Second Edition xv Acknowledgements xvii I. Introduction The Basics of Psychological Learning and Memory Theory 3 I. Introduction 3 A. Categories of Learning and Memory 4 B. Memory Exhibits Long-Term and Short-Term Forms 7 II. Short-Term Memory 10 A. Sensory Memory and Short-Term Storage 10 B. Working Memory 10 C. The Prefrontal Cortex and Working Memory 11 D. Reverberating Circuit Mechanisms Contrast with Molecular Storage Mechanisms for Long- Term Memory 12 III. Unconscious Learning 12 A. Simple Forms of Learning 12 B. Unconscious Learning and Unconscious Recall 14 C. Unconscious Learning and Subject to Conscious Recall 15 D. Operant Conditioning 18 E. Currently Popular Associative Learning Paradigms 18 IV. Conscious Learning — Subject to Conscious and Unconscious Recall 20 A. Declarative Learning 20 B. Spatial Learning 21 V. Summary 21 Further Reading 22 Journal Club Articles 22 References 22 2. Studies of Human Learning and Memory 25 I. Introduction — Historical Precedents with Studies of Human Subjects 25 A. Amnesias 25 B. Memory Consolidation 26 II. The Hippocampus in Human Declarative, Episodic, and Spatial Memory 28 A. Anatomy of the Hippocampal Formation 29 B. Lesion Studies in Human Memory Formation 31 C. Imaging Studies 34 III. Motor Learning 38 A. Anatomy 38 B. Habits 39 C. Stereotyped Movements 39 D. Sequence Learning 40 IV. Prodigious Memory 42 A. Mnemonists 42 B. Savant Syndrome 43 C. You are a Prodigy 44 V. Summary 45 Further Reading 45 Journal Club Articles 46 References 46 3. Non-Associative Learning and Memory 49 I. Introduction — The Rapid Turnover of Biomolecules 49 II. Short-Term, Long-Term, and Ultralong-Term Forms of Learning 52 III. Use of Invertebrate Preparations to Study Simple Forms of Learning 53 A. The Cellular Basis of Synaptic Facilitation in Aplysia 54 vii VIU CONTENTS IV. Short-Term Facilitation in Aplysia is Mediated by Changes in the Levels of Intracellular Second Messengers 57 V. Long-Term Facilitation in Aplysia Involves Altered Gene Expression and Persistent Protein Kinase Activation — A Second Category of Reaction 58 VI. Long-Term Synaptic Facilitation in Aplysia Involves Changes in Gene Expression and Resulting Anatomical Changes 65 VII. Attributes of Chemical Reactions Mediating Memory 69 VIII. Sensitization in Mammals 71 IX. Summary — A General Biochemical Model for Memory 72 Further Reading 74 Journal Club Articles 74 References 74 4. Rodent Behavioral Learning and Memory Models 77 I. Introduction 77 II. Behavioral Assessments in Rodents 78 A. Assessing General Activity and Sensory Perception 78 B. Fear Conditioning 82 C. Avoidance Conditioning 86 D. Eye-Blink Conditioning 87 E. Simple Maze Learning 88 F. Spatial Learning 89 G. Taste Learning 92 H. Novel Object Recognition 94 I. Studying Memory Reconsolidation Using a Fear Conditioning Protocol 95 III. Modern Experimental Uses of Rodent Behavioral Models 96 A. The Four Basic Types of Experiments 97 B. Use of Behavioral Paradigms in Block and Measure Experiments 98 IV. Summary 102 Further Reading 102 Journal Club Articles 102 References 103 5. Associative Learning and Unlearning 105 I. Introduction 105 A. Classical Associative Conditioning 106 II. Fear Conditioning and the Amygdala 110 A. Long-Term Potentiation in Cued Fear Conditioning 112 III. Eye-Blink Conditioning and the Cerebellum 114 IV. Positive Reinforcement Learning 118 A. Reward and Human Psychopathology 120 B. Positive Reinforcement Learning 120 C. Operant Conditioning of Positive Reinforcement 122 V. Memory Suppression — Forgetting Versus Extinction, and Latent Inhibition 123 VI. Summary 125 Further Reading 126 Journal Club Articles 126 References 126 6. Hippocampal Function in Cognition 129 I. Introduction 129 II. Studying the Hippocampus 130 A. Hippocampal Anatomy 130 III. Hippocampal Function in Cognition 131 A. Space 132 B. Timing 135 C. Multimodal Associations — The Hippocampus as a Generalized Association Machine and Multimodal Sensory Integrator 139 D. The Hippocampus is also Required for Memory Consolidation 147 IV. Summary 147 Further Reading 147 Journal Club Articles 148 References 148 7· Long-Term Potentiation — A Candidate Cellular Mechanism for Information Storage in the Central Nervous System 151 I. Hebb s Postulate 152 IL A Breakthrough Discovery — Long-Term Potentiation in the Hippocampus 152 A. The Hippocampal Circuit and Measuring Synaptic Transmission in the Hippocampal Slice 155 B. Long-Term Potentiation of Synaptic Responses 156 C. Short-Term Plasticity — Paired-Pulse Facilitation and Post-Tetanic Potentiation 157 III. NMDA Receptor-Dependence of Long-Term Potentiation 159 A. Pairing Long-Term Potentiation 160 B. Dendritic Action Potentials 162 IV. NMDA Receptor-Independent Long-Term Potentiation 164 A. 200 Hz Long-Term Potentiation 164 B. Tetra-Ethyl Ammonium Long-Term Potentiation 165 C. Mossy Fiber Long-Term Potentiation in Area CA3 165 V. A Role for Calcium Influx in NMDA Receptor- Dependent Long-Term Potentiation 165 VI. Pre-Synaptic Versus Post-Synaptic Mechanisms 165 CONTENTS ЇХ VII. Long-Term Potentiation can Include an Increased Action Potential Firing Component 168 VIII. Long-Term Potentiation can be Divided into Phases 169 A. Early-Long-Term Potentiation and Late-Long- Term Potentiation — Types Versus Phases 170 IX. Modulation of Long-Term Potentiation Induction 171 X. Depotentiation and Long-Term Depression 172 XI. A Role for Long-Term Potentiation in Hippocampal Information Processing, Hippocampus-Dependent Timing, and Consolidation of Long-Term Memory 177 A. Long-Term Potentiation in Hippocampal Information Processing 177 B. Timing-Dependent Information Storage in the Hippocampus 180 C. Consolidation — Storage of Information within the Hippocampus for Down-Loading to the Cortex 182 D. A Model for Long-Term Potentiation in Consolidation of Long-Term Memory 182 XII. Summary 186 Further Reading 186 Journal Club Articles 186 References 187 8. The NMDA Receptor 191 I. Introduction 191 A. Structure of the NMDA Receptor 193 II. NMDA Receptor Regulatory Component 1— Mechanisms Upstream of the NMDA Receptor that Directly Regulate NMDA Receptor Function 196 A. Kinase Regulation of the NMDA Receptor 197 B. Redox Regulation of the NMDA Receptor 198 C. Polyamine Regulation of the NMDA Receptor 198 III. NMDA Receptor Regulatory Component 2— Mechanisms Upstream of the NMDA Receptor that Control Membrane Depolarization 198 A. Dendritic Potassium Channels — A-type Currents 200 B. Voltage-Dependent Sodium Channels 200 C. АМРА Receptor Function 200 D. GABA Receptors 201 IV. NMDA Receptor Regulatory Component 3— The Components of the Synaptic Infrastructure that are Necessary for the NMDA Receptor and the Synaptic Signal Transduction Machinery to Function Normally 201 A. Cell Adhesion Molecules and the Actin Matrix 201 B. Pre-Synaptic Processes 201 C. Anchoring and Interacting Proteins of the Post- Synaptic Compartment — Post-Synaptic Density Proteins 201 D. AMPA Receptors 204 E. CaMKII — the Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II 204 V. Summary 204 Further Reading 205 Journal Club Articles 205 References 206 9. Biochemical Mechanisms for Information Storage at the Cellular Level 209 I. Targets of the Calcium Trigger 210 A. CaMKII 212 B. Two Additional Targets of CaM — Adenylyl Cyclase and Nitric Oxide Synthase 215 С Another Major Target of Calcium — PKC 215 D. Section Summary — Mechanisms for Generating Persisting Signals in Long-Term Potentiation and Memory 221 II. Targets of the Persisting Signals 222 A. AMPA Receptors in E-LTP 223 B. Direct Phosphorylation of the AMPA Receptor 223 С Regulation of Steady-State Levels of AMPA Receptors 224 D. Silent Synapses 226 E. Pre-Synaptic Changes — Increased Release 226 F. Post-Synaptic Changes in Excitability? 226 III. Dendritic Protein Synthesis 227 IV. An Overview of the Role of Protein Synthesis in Memory 230 V. Summary 231 Further Reading 232 Journal Club Articles 232 References 233 10. Molecular Genetic Mechanisms for Long-Term Information Storage at the Cellular Level 237 I. Introduction 237 II. Altered Gene Expression in Late-Long-Term Potentiation and Long-Term Memory 238 III. Signaling Mechanisms 240 A. A Core Signal Transduction Cascade Linking Calcium to the Transcription Factor CREB 241 B. Modulatory Influences that Impinge on this Cascade 242 С Additional Transcription Factors besides CREB that are Involved in Memory Formation 244 D. Gene Targets in Late-Long-Term Potentiation 245 E. mRNA Targeting and Transport 247 CONTENT? F. Effects of the Gene Products on Synaptic Structure 249 IV. Experience-Dependent Epigenetic Modifications in the Central Nervous System 251 A. What is Epigeneticsľ 252 B. What are Epigenetic Marks and What do they do ľ 253 C. Epigenetic Tagging of Histones 255 D. Signaling Systems that Control Histone Modifications 257 E. Epigenetic Mechanisms in Learning and Memory 258 E Environmental Enrichment and Recovery of Lost Memories 259 G. Section Summary 261 V. Neurogenesis in the Adult Central Nervous System 261 VI. Summary 262 Further Reading 262 Journal Club Articles 263 References 263 I1. Inherited Disorders of Human Memory — Mental Retardation Syndromes 269 I. Neurofibromatosis, Coffin-Lowry Syndrome, and the ras/ERK Cascade 271 II. Angelman Syndrome 276 III. Fragile X Syndromes 281 A. Fragile X Mental Retardation Syndrome Type 1 281 B. Fragile X Mental Retardation Type 2 285 IV. Summary 287 Further Reading 289 Journal Club Articles 289 References 289 12. Aging-Related Memory Disorders — Alzheimer s Disease 293 I. Aging-Related Memory Decline 293 A. Mild Cognitive Impairment 294 B. Age-Related Dementias 294 II. What is Alzheimer s Disease? 294 A. Stages of Alzheimer s Disease 295 B. Pathological Hallmarks of Alzheimer s Disease 299 C. АЛ42 as the Cause of Alzheimer s Disease 305 III. Genes — Familial and Late-Onset Alzheimer s Disease 306 A. APP Mutations 307 B. Presenilin Mutations 308 C. ApoE4 Alleies in Alzheimer s Disease 308 IV. Apolipoprotein E in the Nervous System 309 V. Mouse Models for Alzheimer s Disease 310 A. The Tg2576 Mouse 311 VI. Summary 314 Further Reading 315 Journal Club Articles 315 References 315 Appendix 321 I. Introduction 321 II. Introduction to Hypothesis Testing 322 A. Theories 322 B. Models 322 C. Hypotheses 323 III. The Four Basic Types of Experiments 325 IV. An Example of a Hypothesis and How to Test it 327 A. Some Real-life Examples of Hypothesis Testing 330 V. Some Additional Terminology of Hypothesis Testing 330 A. Hypothesis Versus Prediction 331 B. Accuracy, Precision, and Reproducibility 331 C. Type I and Type II Errors 332 VI. Summary 334 References 335 Index 337
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spelling	Sweatt, J. David Verfasser aut Mechanisms of memory J. David Sweatt 2. ed. Amsterdam [u.a.] Elsevier Acad. Press 2010 XVII, 343 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Memory Physiological aspects Memory physiology Psychologie (DE-588)4047704-6 gnd rswk-swf Gedächtnis (DE-588)4019614-8 gnd rswk-swf Psychologie (DE-588)4047704-6 s Gedächtnis (DE-588)4019614-8 s b DE-604 Digitalisierung UB Regensburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018695191&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis
spellingShingle	Sweatt, J. David Mechanisms of memory Memory Physiological aspects Memory physiology Psychologie (DE-588)4047704-6 gnd Gedächtnis (DE-588)4019614-8 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)4047704-6 (DE-588)4019614-8
title	Mechanisms of memory
title_auth	Mechanisms of memory
title_exact_search	Mechanisms of memory
title_full	Mechanisms of memory J. David Sweatt
title_fullStr	Mechanisms of memory J. David Sweatt
title_full_unstemmed	Mechanisms of memory J. David Sweatt
title_short	Mechanisms of memory
title_sort	mechanisms of memory
topic	Memory Physiological aspects Memory physiology Psychologie (DE-588)4047704-6 gnd Gedächtnis (DE-588)4019614-8 gnd
topic_facet	Memory Physiological aspects Memory physiology Psychologie Gedächtnis
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