Holdings: Between villa and town

Between villa and town: excavations of a Roman roadside settlement and shrine at Higham Ferrers, Northamptonshire

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Lawrence, Steve (Author), Smith, Alex (Author)
Format:	Book
Language:	English
Published:	Oxford Oxford Archaeological Unit 2009
Series:	Oxford archaeology monograph 7
Subjects:	Funde Excavations (Archaeology) > England > Northamptonshire Romans > England > Northamptonshire Ausgrabung Römerzeit Higham Ferrers (England) > Antiquities Northamptonshire (England) > Antiquities Higham Ferrers
Online Access:	Inhaltsverzeichnis
Physical Description:	XXII, 361 S. Ill., Kt.
ISBN:	0904220443 9780904220445

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Record in the Search Index

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adam_text	Contents List of Figures ...............................................................................xi List of Plates ................................................................................xv List of Tables ..............................................................................xvii Summary ................................................................................. xvix Acknowledgements ........................................................................xxii Chapter 1: Introduction by Steve Lawrence and Alex Smith PROJECT BACKGROUND ...................................................................2 LOCATION AND GEOLOGY ...............................................................6 EXCAVATION METHODOLOGY ...........................................................7 ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND ......................................................7 CHRONOLOGY AND PHASING ..........................................................11 Phase 1: Early prehistoric activity .........................................................11 Phase 2: Iron Age settlement .............................................................11 Phase 3: Establishment of the Roman settlement (2nd century) ..............................11 Phase 4: Development of the Roman settlement (late 2nd to 3rd century) .....................12 Phase 5: Expansion and decline of the Roman settlement (late 3rd to 4th century) .............12 PUBLICATION STRUCTURE ..............................................................12 ARCHIVES ..............................................................................12 Chapter 2: Early Prehistoric Activity (Phase 1) by Kate Cramp INTRODUCTION ........................................................................13 MESOLITHIC (c 8000 ВС-ЗбОО ВС) ......................................................... 14 NEOLITHIC AND BRONZE AGE (c 3500 BC-IOOO ВС) .......................................16 Early/middle Neolithic ..................................................................16 Late Neolithic/early Bronze Age ..........................................................17 Late Neolithic/early Bronze Age ring ditch ...............................................18 Features in the ring ditch interior .......................................................19 Early Bronze Age cremation burial ......................................................19 Surface finas .........................................................................20 Middle/late Bronze Age .................................................................21 FLINTWORK by Kate Cramp and Hugo Lamdin-Whymark ........................................21 Introduction ............................................................................21 Methodology ...........................................................................21 Condition ..............................................................................22 Raw material ...........................................................................22 The assemblage ........................................................................22 Mesolithic flint assemblage ..............................................................24 Neolithic and Bronze Age flint assemblage ................................................25 Neolithic flint ........................................................................25 Bronze Age flint ......................................................................27 EARLY PREHISTORIC POTTERY by Emily Edwards ..........................................27 Introduction ............................................................................27 Methodology ...........................................................................27 Fabrics .................................................................................28 Ш Between Villa and Town Middle Neolithic pits ...................................................................28 Early Bronze Age cremation burial (10000) ................................................28 Deposit from the ring ditch reçut .........................................................28 Prehistoric sherds from the shrine interior soil layer ........................................28 Discussion .............................................................................28 Catalogue ..............................................................................29 THE BRONZE AGE CREMATION BURIAL by Annsofie Witkin.................................30 Provenance .............................................................................30 Condition of the bone and disturbance ...................................................30 Demographic data ......................................................................30 Pyre technology and ritual ...............................................................30 Discussion of burial ritual ...............................................................30 CHARCOAL AND CHARRED PLANT REMAINS by Dana Challinor and Mark Robinson ...........31 Charcoal ...............................................................................31 Charred plant remains ..................................................................31 Chapter 3: Iron Age Settlement (Phase 2) by Alex Smith and Jeff Muir INTRODUCTION ........................................................................33 THE EXCAVATION .......................................................................33 Phasing ................................................................................33 Phase 1..............................................................................35 Penannular gully 151.................................................................35 Ditch 255 ..........................................................................35 Enclosure 141 .......................................................................35 Phase 2..............................................................................37 Enclosure 253.......................................................................37 The penannular ditch (254) ............................................................37 Penannular gully (252) ...............................................................38 Associated features ...................................................................38 The finds ...........................................................................39 Phase 3..............................................................................39 Features from the 1997 evaluation ........................................................39 THE IRON AGE POTTERY by Dennis Jackson .................................................40 Fabric .................................................................................40 Forms .................................................................................41 Hardness and surface finish .............................................................41 Decoration and scoring ..................................................................41 Discussion of the chronology ............................................................41 Catalogue of the illustrated pottery .......................................................41 Pottery from the 1997 excavation by Alistair Barclay .........................................42 ANIMAL BONE by Umberto Albarella ........................................................43 CHARRED PLANT REMAINS by Lisa Moffett ................................................43 THE NATURE OF THE IRON AGE SETTLEMENT ..........................................45 Chapter 4: The Roman Settlement and Shrine (Phases 3-5) by Steve Lawrence and Leo Webley INTRODUCTION ........................................................................47 PHASE 3:2ND CENTURY .................................................................47 The road ...............................................................................49 The settlement .........................................................................50 Enclosure 12310/12880......................................,..........................50 Building 10920 and well 12340..........................................................52 Building 10920......................................................................52 Well 12340.........................................................................54 Contents Building 10910 and well 12890..........................................................54 Building 10910......................................................................54 Well 12890 .........................................................................56 Building 11340........................................................................56 Dating .............................................................................57 Function and appearance ..............................................................57 Pits .................................................................................58 Burial group 13040....................................................................58 PHASE 4: LATE 2ND TO 3RD CENTURIES .................................................59 The road ...............................................................................59 The settlement .........................................................................62 Plot A ...............................................................................62 Buildings 10860 and 11370............................................................62 Extension 12460.....................................................................65 Extension 12450.....................................................................65 Burial 11785........................................................................66 Bone dump 12913....................................................................66 Stone yard surface 11360 ..............................................................67 Wall 11410 .........................................................................67 Plot В ...............................................................................67 Boundary ditches ....................................................................67 Wall 11758 .........................................................................68 Building 11620......................................................................68 Paved surface 11633..................................................................71 Pit 12826 and burial 12745............................................................71 Plot С ...............................................................................71 Building 11630......................................................................71 Building 10850......................................................................72 Pits associated with building 10850......................................................73 Building 10880......................................................................73 Infant burials within building 10880 ....................................................73 Well 12140 .........................................................................75 Building 10870......................................................................75 External features associated with building 10870...........................................76 Well 12885 .........................................................................76 Ditch 12980 ........................................................................79 Buildings 10900 and 10890............................................................79 Internal features .....................................................................81 Post-built extension 12990.............................................................82 Dating .............................................................................82 Function and use ....................................................................83 Gully 11755 ........................................................................83 PlotD ...............................................................................84 Plot E ...............................................................................85 Plot F ...............................................................................85 Enclosure ditches and waterhole 12955...................................................85 Building 10810......................................................................86 Pit 10804...........................................................................89 Tfie northern periphery of the settlement .................................................91 Boundary ditches ....................................................................91 Burial group 13050...................................................................91 Well 8032 ..........................................................................94 Well 8278 ..........................................................................95 The eastern periphery of the settlement ..................................................95 The shrine .............................................................................98 Structure 12456......................................................................100 Between Villa and Town PHASE 5: LATE 3RD TO 4TH CENTURIES .................................................100 The road .............................................................................. Ю2 The settlement ........................................................................103 Plot A ..............................................................................103 Building 11370.....................................................................103 Well 12890 ........................................................................104 PlotB ..............................................................................104 Boundary ditches ...................................................................104 Building 11620.....................................................................104 Structure 13030 ....................................................................105 Structure 13035 ....................................................................105 Pit 11803..........................................................................106 Plot С ..............................................................................106 Building 10850.....................................................................106 Building 10880.....................................................................109 Building 11630.....................................................................109 Building 10870.....................................................................109 Well 12885 ........................................................................ HI PlotD .............................................................................. Ill Building 10840.....................................................................112 Other internal features ...............................................................113 Wall 11010 ........................................................................114 Burial group 13045..................................................................114 PlotE ..............................................................................115 Building 10820.....................................................................117 Trackway 12920 ....................................................................120 Building 10830.....................................................................120 PlotF ..............................................................................122 Enclosure ditches ...................................................................122 Building 10800.....................................................................123 Building 10810.....................................................................125 Plot G ..............................................................................127 Boundary ditches ...................................................................127 Pit 10885..........................................................................127 Building 12900.....................................................................127 Function, use and appearance .........................................................130 Burial group 13050..................................................................131 The northern periphery of the settlement ................................................131 Building 8019......................................................................132 Limestone surfaces ..................................................................135 Well 8032 .........................................................................135 Well 8278 .........................................................................135 Burial group 13105..................................................................135 Burial group 13110..................................................................136 The eastern periphery of the settlement .................................................140 UNPHASED BURIALS ...................................................................140 THE RADIOCARBON RESULTS by W Derek Hamilton, Peter Marshall, Christopher Bronk Ramsey, Gordon Cook, and Gerry McCormac ...........................................................140 Results ...............................................................................141 Stable Isotopes ........................................................................141 General approach ...........................................,..........................141 Objectives ............................................................................144 Analysis and interpretation .............................................................144 Burial Group 1 ......................................................................144 Burial Group 2 ......................................................................144 Results front Burial Groups 1 and 2....................................................144 VI Contents Chapter 5: Material Culture from the Roman Settlement and Shrine THE ROMAN POTTERY by Jane Timby .......................................................147 Introduction and methodology ..........................................................147 Description of fabrics and forms ........................................................147 Continental imports: fine wares .......................................................147 Continental imports: Decorated samian pottery .........................................151 Samian stamps .....................................................................151 Continental imports: amphorae ........................................................151 Regional traded wares: coarse wares ...................................................151 Local wares: Lower Nene Valley wares .................................................153 Local wares: grog tempered ...........................................................155 Local wares: shelly wares .............................................................156 Local wares: sandy wares .............................................................157 Other sandy wares ...................................................................158 Miscellaneous wares: unknown source ..................................................158 Discussion by stratigraphie phasing .....................................................158 Phase 2 (later prehistoric) .............................................................159 Phase 3 (early-mid 2nd century) .......................................................159 Phase 3-4 (early/mid-late 2nd century) .................................................161 Phase 4 (mid/late 2nd century-early/mid 3rd century) ....................................162 Phase 4-5 (3rå-4th century) ............................................................164 Phase 5 (late 3rd-4th century) .........................................................165 Phase 6 Post-Roman .................................................................167 Graffiti ...............................................................................168 Catalogue of illustrated sherds ..........................................................169 Discussion ............................................................................178 Shrine interior .......................................................................182 Local and regional comparison ........................................................183 COINS by Cathy King .....................................................................184 Introduction ...........................................................................184 The composition of the coin finds .......................................................185 Coin distribution ......................................................................186 Inter-site analysis ......................................................................192 Conclusions ...........................................................................197 SMALL FINDS by Ian R Scott with contributions from Martin Henig and Roger Tomiin ...............198 Context group assemblages .............................................................199 Settlement assemblage ................................................................199 Area G ............................................................................199 Other Romano-British finds ...........................................................200 Phases 3 and 3 to 4..................................................................200 Phase 4 ...........................................................................201 Phase 5 ...........................................................................201 Comparison of the phase assemblages ....................................................202 Shrine assemblage ...................................................................202 Distribution of the finds in the settlement and shrine .....................................203 Comparison between the settlement and shrine assemblages ...............................205 Brooches ............................................................................205 Higham Ferrers, Stanwick and Redlands Farm brooch assemblages compared ...................208 Finger rings by I Scott and M Henig .....................................................209 Bracelets ............................................................................210 Copper alloy and bone hair pins .......................................................210 Toilet items .........................................................................211 Writing .............................................................................212 Votive items .........................................................................212 The lead sheets by Roger Tomiin ........................................................213 Vil Between Villa and Town Other classes of material .............................................................213 Small finds catalogue ..........................................·.......................213 THE ROMAN GLASS by H.E.M. Cool ......................................................250 Catalogue of vessel glass ...............................................................250 LEATHER OBJECTS by Quita Mould ........................................................251 METALWORKING DEBRIS by Gareth Hatton ................................................251 Phase assemblages .....................................................................252 2nd to 3rd Century (Phases 3and4) ....................................................252 4th Century (Phase 5) ................................................................252 Saxon ..............................................................................252 Conclusion ............................................................................252 ROTARY QUERNS by Ruth Shaffrey ........................................................252 Catalogue of rotary querns ..............................................................253 Discussion ............................................................................254 Summary .............................................................................255 OTHER WORKED STONE by Ruth Shaffrey .................................................255 Catalogue of worked stone .............................................................257 Discussion ............................................................................257 ARCHITECTURAL AND SCULPTURAL STONE by Peter Davenport with contribution from Martin Henig .........................................................................258 Catalogue of architectural and sculptural worked stone ....................................258 Discussion ............................................................................262 CERAMIC BUILDING MATERIAL by Cynthia Poole .........................................263 Fabric ................................................................................263 Group 1: Shelly fabrics ...............................................................263 Group 2: Sandy fabrics ...............................................................264 Forms ................................................................................265 Tegulae .............................................................................265 Imbrices ............................................................................266 Ridge tile? ..........................................................................266 Bricks ..............................................................................266 Box tile: tubulus and tubulus cuneatus .................................................267 Tesserae ............................................................................267 Plat tile .............................................................................267 Markings .............................................................................267 Signature marks .....................................................................267 Combing ............................................................................267 Discussion ............................................................................267 Tile production ......................................................................267 Structural use of ceramic building material .............................................268 Phase 4: the shrine ..................................................................268 Phase 4: Building 10860..............................................................269 Phase 5: Building 8019...............................................................269 Use of brick and tile in minor structures .................................................269 Conclusions ...........................................................................271 Catalogue of illustrated tiles ............................................................272 FIRED CLAY by Cynthia Poole ..............................................................272 Fabrics ................................................................................272 Forms ................................................................................272 Hearth or oven floor ..................................................................272 Oven plate ..........................................................................272 Oven furniture .......................................................................274 Discussion .................................................................,..........274 Catalogue of illustrated fired clay ..........,....................................,.......274 V1U Contents Chapter 6: Ecofacts and Environmental Evidence from the Roman Period THE HUMAN SKELETAL REMAINS by Annsofie Witkin .....................................275 Introduction ...........................................................................275 Methodology ..........................................................................275 Skeletal remains .....................................................................275 Cremated bone .......................................................................275 Provenance ............................................................................277 Cremation burials .....................................................................277 Condition of the bone and disturbance ..................................................277 Demographic data and pathology ......................................................277 Pyre technology and ritual ............................................................277 Inhumation burials ....................................................................278 Preservation and completeness ........................................................278 Demography ........................................................................279 Stature .............................................................................279 Dental pathology ....................................................................279 Caries ............................................................................279 Ante-mortem tooth loss ..............................................................280 Dental calculus .....................................................................280 Dental abscesses ....................................................................280 Peridontal disease ...................................................................280 Enamel hypoplasia ..................................................................280 Dental anomalies ...................................................................280 Masticatory and extra-masticatory wear .................................................281 Skeletal pathology ...................................................................281 Degenerative joint disease ............................................................281 Trauma ...........................................................................282 Infectious disease ....................................................................282 Conclusion ........................................................................283 Disarticulated remains .................................................................283 Provenance ..........................................................................283 Condition and completeness ...........................................................283 Quantification, age and sex ...........................................................283 Burial ritual ...........................................................................283 Location of the adult burials in the landscape ...........................................283 Aspects of adult funerary ritual ........................................................284 Coffins ............................................................................. 285 Grave goods .........................................................................285 Decapitation burials .................................................................286 Neonatal burials .....................................................................286 Disarticulated remains ...............................................................286 ANIMAL BONE by Lena Strid ..............................................................287 Introduction ...........................................................................287 Methodology ..........................................................................287 The assemblage .......................................................................288 The meat providing domestic mammals .................................................289 Cattle .............................................................................289 Sheep .............................................................................289 Pig ...............................................................................291 Other domestic mammals .............................................................292 Horse .............................................................................292 Dog ..............................................................................292 Cat ...............................................................................292 ix Between Villa and Town WiUmammals ......................................................................292 Deer ..............................................................................292 Wild boar ..........................................................................293 Lagomorphs ........................................................................293 Birds ...............................................................................293 Fish by Rebecca Nicholson ..............................................................293 Animals from the shrine ................................................................294 Worked bone ..........................................................................297 Animal utilisation .....................................................................297 Conclusion ............................................................................300 MACROSCOPIC PLANT REMAINS (EXCLUDING CHARCOAL) AND INSECTS by Mark Robinson .........................................................................300 Introduction ...........................................................................300 The samples ...........................................................................300 Methodology ..........................................................................300 Charred plant remains ................................................................300 Waterlogged macroscopic plant remains ................................................302 Waterlogged insect remains ...........................................................302 Results and interpretation ..............................................................305 Phases 3-4:2nd - late 3rd century ......................................................305 Phase 5: late ЗЫ-ат century ..........................................................305 Discussion ............................................................................309 THE WOOD CHARCOAL by Dana Challinor ................................................309 Introduction ...........................................................................309 Methodology ..........................................................................309 Results and discussion .................................................................310 Conclusion ............................................................................311 MICROMORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS by M G Canti .......................................311 Methodology ..........................................................................311 Results ...............................................................................311 Chapter 7: Discussion of the Roman Settlement and Shrine by Alex Smith INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................313 SETTLEMENT ORGANISATION AND DEVELOPMENT ...................................313 Settlement origins .....................................................................313 The earliest settlement (Phase 3) ........................................................315 Settlement expansion and development (Phase 4).........................................315 Final expansion and decline of the settlement (Phase 5)....................................318 The end of the Roman settlement .......................................................322 MORPHOLOGY, ECONOMY AND SOCIAL STRUCTURE ..................................323 RITUAL AND RELIGION ................................................................325 The shrine ............................................................................325 Location and chronology .............................................................325 Structural organisation ...............................................................326 The votive assemblage ................................................................330 Association with the settlement .......................................................334 Other ritual within the settlement .......................................................334 THE SETTLEMENT IN ITS LOCAL AND REGIONAL CONTEXT ............................335 Settlement form and distribution ........................................................335 Agriculture, power and control of resources ..............................................338 Communications ......................................................................340 Religion ..............................................................................340 The end of Roman occupation in the region ..............................................342 BIBLIOGRAPHY ...........................................................................343 INDEX ....................................................................................357
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geographic	Higham Ferrers (England) Antiquities Northamptonshire (England) Antiquities Higham Ferrers (DE-588)4811579-4 gnd
geographic_facet	Higham Ferrers (England) Antiquities Northamptonshire (England) Antiquities Higham Ferrers
id	DE-604.BV035793698
illustrated	Illustrated
indexdate	2024-07-09T22:04:43Z
institution	BVB
isbn	0904220443 9780904220445
language	English
oai_aleph_id	oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-018652977
oclc_num	422876379
open_access_boolean
owner	DE-12 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-11 DE-188
owner_facet	DE-12 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-11 DE-188
physical	XXII, 361 S. Ill., Kt.
psigel	gbd_JL_Z0911
publishDate	2009
publishDateSearch	2009
publishDateSort	2009
publisher	Oxford Archaeological Unit
record_format	marc
series	Oxford archaeology monograph
series2	Oxford archaeology monograph
spelling	Lawrence, Steve Verfasser aut Between villa and town excavations of a Roman roadside settlement and shrine at Higham Ferrers, Northamptonshire by Steve Lawrence and Alex Smith ; with contributions by Leigh Allen ... Oxford Oxford Archaeological Unit 2009 XXII, 361 S. Ill., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Oxford archaeology monograph 7 Funde Excavations (Archaeology) England Northamptonshire Romans England Northamptonshire Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd rswk-swf Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 gnd rswk-swf Römerzeit (DE-588)4076769-3 gnd rswk-swf Higham Ferrers (England) Antiquities Northamptonshire (England) Antiquities Higham Ferrers (DE-588)4811579-4 gnd rswk-swf Higham Ferrers (DE-588)4811579-4 g Römerzeit (DE-588)4076769-3 s Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 s Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 s DE-604 Smith, Alex Verfasser aut Oxford archaeology monograph 7 (DE-604)BV014584861 7 Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018652977&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis
spellingShingle	Lawrence, Steve Smith, Alex Between villa and town excavations of a Roman roadside settlement and shrine at Higham Ferrers, Northamptonshire Oxford archaeology monograph Funde Excavations (Archaeology) England Northamptonshire Romans England Northamptonshire Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 gnd Römerzeit (DE-588)4076769-3 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)4071507-3 (DE-588)4129464-6 (DE-588)4076769-3 (DE-588)4811579-4
title	Between villa and town excavations of a Roman roadside settlement and shrine at Higham Ferrers, Northamptonshire
title_auth	Between villa and town excavations of a Roman roadside settlement and shrine at Higham Ferrers, Northamptonshire
title_exact_search	Between villa and town excavations of a Roman roadside settlement and shrine at Higham Ferrers, Northamptonshire
title_full	Between villa and town excavations of a Roman roadside settlement and shrine at Higham Ferrers, Northamptonshire by Steve Lawrence and Alex Smith ; with contributions by Leigh Allen ...
title_fullStr	Between villa and town excavations of a Roman roadside settlement and shrine at Higham Ferrers, Northamptonshire by Steve Lawrence and Alex Smith ; with contributions by Leigh Allen ...
title_full_unstemmed	Between villa and town excavations of a Roman roadside settlement and shrine at Higham Ferrers, Northamptonshire by Steve Lawrence and Alex Smith ; with contributions by Leigh Allen ...
title_short	Between villa and town
title_sort	between villa and town excavations of a roman roadside settlement and shrine at higham ferrers northamptonshire
title_sub	excavations of a Roman roadside settlement and shrine at Higham Ferrers, Northamptonshire
topic	Funde Excavations (Archaeology) England Northamptonshire Romans England Northamptonshire Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 gnd Römerzeit (DE-588)4076769-3 gnd
topic_facet	Funde Excavations (Archaeology) England Northamptonshire Romans England Northamptonshire Ausgrabung Römerzeit Higham Ferrers (England) Antiquities Northamptonshire (England) Antiquities Higham Ferrers
url	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018652977&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
volume_link	(DE-604)BV014584861
work_keys_str_mv	AT lawrencesteve betweenvillaandtownexcavationsofaromanroadsidesettlementandshrineathighamferrersnorthamptonshire AT smithalex betweenvillaandtownexcavationsofaromanroadsidesettlementandshrineathighamferrersnorthamptonshire

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