Holdings: Modern electric, hybrid electric, and fuel cell vehicles

Modern electric, hybrid electric, and fuel cell vehicles: fundamentals, theory, and design

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Ehsani, Mehrdad (Author), Gao, Yimin 1957- (Author), Emadi, Ali (Author)
Format:	Book
Language:	English
Published:	Boca Raton, FL [u.a.] CRC Press 2010
Edition:	2. ed.
Series:	Power electronics and applications series
Subjects:	Piles à combustible Véhicules hybrides Véhicules électriques Fuel cells Hybrid electric vehicles Elektroantrieb Kraftfahrzeug Brennstoffzelle Hybridantrieb
Online Access:	Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext
Physical Description:	XXII, 534 S. Ill., graph. Darst.
ISBN:	9781420053982

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adam_text	Contents Preface ................................................ xv Authors ............................................... xix 1 Environmental Impact and History of Modern Transportation . . 1 1.1 Air Pollution ..................................... 1 1.1.1 Nitrogen Oxides ............................. 2 1.1.2 Carbon Monoxide ............................ 2 1.1.3 Unburned HCs .............................. 3 1.1.4 Other Pollutants ............................. 3 1.2 Global Wanning .................................. 3 1.3 Petroleum Resources ............................... 5 1.4 Induced Costs .................................... 8 1.5 Importance of Different Transportation Development Strategies to Future Oil Supply ............ 9 1.6 HistoryofEVs ................................... 12 1.7 Historyof HEVs .................................. 14 1.8 History of Fuel Cell Vehicles ......................... 17 References .......................................... 18 2 Fundamentals of Vehicle Propulsion and Brake .............. 19 2.1 General Description of Vehicle Movement ............... 19 2.2 Vehicle Resistance ................................. 20 2.2.1 Rolling Resistance ............................ 20 2.2.2 Aerodynamic Drag ........................... 23 2.2.3 Grading Resistance ........................... 24 2.3 Dynamic Equation ................................ 26 2.4 Tire-Ground Adhesion and Maximum Tractive Effort ...... 28 2.5 Power Train Tractive Effort and Vehicle Speed ............ 30 2.6 Vehicle Power Plant and Transmission Characteristics ...... 32 2.6.1 Power Plant Characteristics ..................... 32 2.6.2 Transmission Characteristics .................... 35 2.6.3 Manual Gear Transmission ..................... 35 2.6.3.1 Hydrodynamic Transmission .............. 38 2.6.3.2 Continuously Variable Transmission ........ 42 2.7 Vehicle Performance ............................... 43 2.7.1 Maximum Speed of a Vehicle .................... 43 2.7.2 Gradeability ................................ 44 2.7.3 Acceleration Performance ...................... 45 v Contents 2.8 Operating Fuel Economy ............................ 48 2.8.1 Fuel Economy Characteristics of 1С Engines ......... 48 2.8.2 Computation of Vehicle Fuel Economy ............. 49 2.8.3 Basic Techniques to Improve Vehicle Fuel Economy ... 51 2.9 Brake Performance ................................ 53 2.9.1 Braking Force ............................... 53 2.9.2 Braking Distribution on Front and Rear Axles ....... 55 2.9.3 Braking Regulation and Braking Performance Analysis ......................... 61 2.9.3.1 Braking Regulation ..................... 61 2.9.3.2 Braking Performance Analysis ............. 62 References .......................................... 65 3 Internal Combustion Engines ........................... 67 3.1 4S, Spark-Ignited 1С Engines ......................... 67 3.1.1 Operating Principles .......................... 67 3.1.2 Operation Parameters ......................... 69 3.1.2.1 Rating Values of Engines ................. 69 3.1.2.2 Indicated Work per Cycles and Mean Effective Pressure ...................... 69 3.1.2.3 Mechanical Efficiency ................... 71 3.1.2.4 Specific Fuel Consumption and Efficiency .... 72 3.1.2.5 Specific Emissions ...................... 73 3.1.2.6 Fuel/Air and Air/Fuel Ratios ............. 73 3.1.2.7 Volumetric Efficiency .................... 74 3.1.3 Relationships between Operation and Performance Parameters .................... 75 3.1.4 Engine Operation Characteristics ................ 76 3.1.4.1 Engine Performance Parameters ........... 76 3.1.4.2 Indicated and Brake Power and Torque ...... 77 3.1.4.3 Fuel Consumption Characteristics .......... 78 3.1.5 Design and Operating Variables Affecting SI Engine Performance, Efficiency, and Emission Characteristics ............................... 78 3.1.5.1 Compression Ratio ..................... 79 3.1.5.2 Spark Timing .......................... 80 3.1.5.3 Fuel/Air Equivalent Ratio ................ 82 3.1.6 Emission Control ............................. 84 3.1.7 Basic Techniques for Improving Engine Performance, Efficiency, and Emissions ....................... 85 3.1.7.1 Forced Induction ....................... 85 3.1.7.2 Gasoline Direct Injection and Lean-Burn Engines .................. 86 3.1.7.3 Multi- and Variable-Valve Timing .......... 86 3.1.7.4 Throttle-Less Torque Control .............. 87 3.1.7.5 Variable Compression Ratio ............... 87 Contents vii 3.1.7.6 Exhaust Gas Recirculation ................ 87 3.1.7.7 Intelligent Ignition...................... 87 3.1.7.8 New Engine Materials ................... 87 3.2 4S, Compression-Ignition 1С Engines................... 88 3.3 2S Engines ...................................... 89 3.4 Wankel Rotary Engines ............................. 93 3.5 Stirling Engines ................................... 95 3.6 Gas Turbine Engines ............................... 100 3.7 Quasi-Isothermal Brayton Cycle Engines ................ 103 References .......................................... 104 4 Electric Vehicles ...................................... 105 4.1 Configurations of EVs .............................. 105 4.2 Performance of EVs ................................ 108 4.2.1 Traction Motor Characteristics ................... 108 4.2.2 Tractive Effort and Transmission Requirement ....... 109 4.2.3 Vehicle Performance .......................... 112 4.3 Tractive Effort in Normal Driving ..................... 115 4.4 Energy Consumption .............................. 120 References .......................................... 122 5 Hybrid Electric Vehicles ............................... 123 5.1 Concept of Hybrid Electric Drive Trains ................. 123 5.2 Architectures of Hybrid Electric Drive Trains ............. 126 5.2.1 Series Hybrid Electric Drive Trains (Electrical Coupling) .......................... 128 5.2.2 Parallel Hybrid Electric Drive Trains (Mechanical Coupling) ........................ 130 5.2.2.1 Parallel Hybrid Drive Train with Torque Coupling ............................. 132 5.2.2.2 Parallel Hybrid Drive Train with Speed Coupling ............................. 138 5.2.2.3 Hybrid Drive Trains with Both Torque and Speed Coupling .................... 144 References .......................................... 149 6 Electric Propulsion Systems ............................. 151 6.1 DC Motor Drives ................................. 154 6.1.1 Principle of Operation and Performance ............ 154 6.1.2 Combined Armature Voltage and Field Control ...... 158 6.1.3 Chopper Control of DC Motors .................. 158 6.1.4 Multi-Quadrant Control of Chopper-Fed DC Motor Drives ................................ 163 6.1.4.1 Two-Quadrant Control of Forward Motoring and Regenerative Braking ................ 164 6.1.4.2 Four-Quadrant Operation ................ 167 Contents 6.2 Induction Motor Drives ............................. 168 6.2.1 Basic Operation Principles of Induction Motors ...... 169 6.2.2 Steady-State Performance ...................... 172 6.2.3 Constant Volt/Hertz Control .................... 174 6.2.4 Power Electronic Control ....................... 176 6.2.5 Field Orientation Control....................... 179 6.2.5.1 Field Orientation Principles ............... 179 6.2.5.2 Control .............................. 187 6.2.5.3 Direction Rotor Flux Orientation Scheme ..... 189 6.2.5.4 Indirect Rotor Flux Orientation Scheme ...... 192 6.2.6 Voltage Source Inverter for FOC .................. 193 6.2.6.1 Voltage Control in Voltage Source Inverter .... 195 6.2.6.2 Current Control in Voltage Source Inverter .... 198 6.3 Permanent Magnetic BLDC Motor Drives ............... 200 6.3.1 Basic Principles of BLDC Motor Drives ............ 203 6.3.2 BLDC Machine Construction and Classification ...... 203 6.3.3 Properties of PM Materials ...................... 205 6.3.3.1 Amico ............................... 206 6.3.3.2 Ferrites.............................. 208 6.3.3.3 Rare-Earth PMs........................ 208 6.3.4 Performance Analysis and Control of BLDC Machines ............................ 208 6.3.4.1 Performance Analysis ................... 209 6.3.4.2 Control of BLDC Motor Drives ............ 211 6.3.5 Extend Speed Technology ...................... 213 6.3.6 Sensorless Techniques ......................... 213 6.3.6.1 Methods Using Measurables and Math ...... 214 6.3.6.2 Methods Using Observers ................ 215 6.3.6.3 Methods Using Back EMF Sensing .......... 215 6.3.6.4 Unique Sensorless Techniques ............. 216 6.4 SRM Drives ...................................... 217 6.4.1 Basic Magnetic Structure ....................... 218 6.4.2 Torque Production ............................ 222 6.4.3 SRM Drive Converter ......................... 224 6.4.4 Modes of Operation ........................... 226 6.4.5 Generating Mode of Operation (Regenerative Braking) ........................ 227 6.4.6 Sensorless Control ............................ 230 6.4.6.1 Phase Flux Linkage-Based Method ......... 231 6.4.6.2 Phase Inductance-Based Method ........... 232 6.4.6.3 Modulated Signal Injection Methods ........ 233 6.4.6.4 Mutual-Induced Voltage-Based Method ...... 236 6.4.6.5 Observer-Based Methods ................ 236 6.4.7 Self-Tuning Techniques of SRM Drives ............. 236 Contents ix 6.4.7.1 Self-Tuning with Arithmetic Method ........ 237 6.4.7.2 Self-Tuning Using an ANN ............... 238 6.4.8 Vibration and Acoustic Noise in SRM .............. 240 6.4.9 SRM Design ................................ 243 6.4.9.1 Number of Stator and Rotor Poles .......... 243 6.4.9.2 Stator Outer Diameter ................... 244 6.4.9.3 Rotor Outer Diameter ................... 244 6.4.9.4 Air Gap .............................. 245 6.4.9.5 Stator Arc ............................ 245 6.4.9.6 Stator Back Iron ........................ 245 6.4.9.7 Performance Prediction .................. 246 References .......................................... 247 7 Design Principle of Series (Electrical Coupling) Hybrid Electric Drive Train ............................. 253 7.1 Operation Patterns ................................ 254 7.2 Control Strategies ................................. 256 7.2.1 Max. SOC-of-PPS Control Strategy ............... 256 7.2.2 Engine On-Off or Thermostat Control Strategy ...... 257 7.3 Design Principles of a Series (Electrical Coupling) Hybrid Drive Train ................................ 259 7.3.1 Electrical Coupling Device ...................... 259 7.3.2 Power Rating Design of the Traction Motor ......... 264 7.3.3 Power Rating Design of the Engine/Generator ...... 267 7.3.4 Design of PPS ............................... 270 7.3.4.1 Power Capacity of PPS .................. 271 7.3.4.2 Energy Capacity of PPS .................. 271 7.4 Design Example .................................. 272 7.4.1 Design of Traction Motor Size ................... 272 7.4.2 Design of the Gear Ratio ....................... 272 7.4.3 Verification of Acceleration Performance ........... 273 7.4.4 Verification of Gradeability ..................... 274 7.4.5 Design of Engine/Generator Size ................ 275 7.4.6 Design of the Power Capacity of PPS .............. 277 7.4.7 Design of the Energy Capacity of PPS ............. 277 7.4.8 Fuel Consumption ........................... 279 References .......................................... 279 8 Parallel (Mechanically Coupled) Hybrid Electric Drive Train Design ............................. 281 8.1 Drive Train Configuration and Design Objectives .......... 281 8.2 Control Strategies ................................. 283 8.2.1 Max. SOC-of-PPS Control Strategy ................ 284 8.2.2 Engine On-Off (Thermostat) Control Strategy ....... 287 8.2.3 Constrained Engine On-Off Control Strategy ........ 288 Contents 8.2.4 Fuzzy Logic Control Technique .................. 290 8.2.5 Dynamic Programming Technique ................ 292 8.3 Parametric Design of a Drive Train .................... 295 8.3.1 Engine Power Design ......................... 295 8.3.2 Transmission Design .......................... 298 8.3.3 Electric Motor Drive Power Design ............... 299 8.3.4 PPS Design ................................. 302 8.4 Simulations ...................................... 305 References .......................................... 307 9 Design and Control Methodology of Series-Parallel (Torque and Speed Coupling) Hybrid Drive Train ............ 309 9.1 Drive Train Configuration ........................... 309 9.1.1 Speed-Coupling Analysis ....................... 309 9.1.2 Drive Train Configuration ...................... 313 9.2 Drive Train Control Methodology ..................... 320 9.2.1 Control System .............................. 320 9.2.2 Engine Speed Control Approach ................. 320 9.2.3 Traction Torque Control Approach ................ 321 9.2.4 Drive Train Control Strategies ................... 323 9.2.4.1 Engine Speed Control Strategy ............. 323 9.2.4.2 Traction Torque Control Strategy ........... 325 9.2.4.3 Regenerative Braking Control ............. 328 9.3 Drive Train Parameters Design ....................... 328 9.4 Simulation of an Example Vehicle ..................... 329 References .......................................... 332 10 Design and Control Principles of Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles ............................... 333 10.1 Statistics of Daily Driving Distance .................... 333 10.2 Energy Management Strategy ........................ 335 10.2.1 AER-Focused Control Strategy ................. 335 10.2.2 Blended Control Strategy ..................... 341 10.3 Energy Storage Design ............................. 346 References .......................................... 351 11 Mild Hybrid Electric Drive Train Design ................... 353 11.1 Energy Consumed in Braking and Transmission .......... 353 11.2 Parallel Müd Hybrid Electric Drive Train ............... 355 11.2.1 Configuration .............................. 355 11.2.2 Operating Modes and Control Strategy ........... 355 11.2.3 Drive Train Design .......................... 356 11.2.4 Performance ............................... 360 11.3 Series-Parallel Mild Hybrid Electric Drive Train .......... 365 Contents xi 11.3.1 Configuration of the Drive Train with a Planetary Gear Unit .................... 365 11.3.2 Operating Modes and Control .................. 367 11.3.2.1 Speed-Coupling Operating Mode ........ 367 11.3.2.2 Torque-Coupling Operating Mode ........ 368 11.3.2.3 Engine-Alone Traction Mode ............ 369 11.3.2.4 Motor-Alone Traction Mode ............ 369 11.3.2.5 Regenerative Braking Mode ............. 370 11.3.2.6 Engine Starting ...................... 370 11.3.3 Control Strategy ............................ 370 11.3.4 Drive Train with a Floating-Stator Motor .......... 371 References .......................................... 372 12 Peaking Power Sources and Energy Storages ................ 375 12.1 Electrochemical Batteries ........................... 375 12.1.1 Electrochemical Reactions ..................... 378 12.1.2 Thermodynamic Voltage ...................... 379 12.1.3 Specific Energy ............................. 380 12.1.4 Specific Power .............................. 382 12.1.5 Energy Efficiency ........................... 384 12.1.6 Battery Technologies ......................... 385 12.1.6.1 Lead-Acid Battery .................... 385 12.1.6.2 Nickel-Based Batteries ................. 386 12.1.6.3 Lithium-Based Batteries ................ 388 12.2 Ultracapacitors ................................... 390 12.2.1 Features of Ultracapacitors .................... 390 12.2.2 Basic Principles of Ultracapacitors ............... 391 12.2.3 Performance of Ultracapacitors ................. 392 12.2.4 Ultracapacitor Technologies .................... 396 12.3 Ultra-High-Speed Flywheels ........................ 397 12.3.1 Operation Principles of Flywheels ............... 397 12.3.2 Power Capacity of Flywheel Systems ............. 400 12.3.3 Flywheel Technologies ....................... 402 12.4 Hybridization of Energy Storages ..................... 404 12.4.1 Concept of Hybrid Energy Storage .............. 404 12.4.2 Passive and Active Hybrid Energy Storage with Battery and Ultracapacitor ..................... 404 12.4.3 Battery and Ultracapacitor Size Design ........... 406 References .......................................... 410 13 Fundamentals of Regenerative Breaking ................... 411 13.1 Braking Energy Consumed in Urban Driving ............ 411 13.2 Braking Energy versus Vehicle Speed .................. 413 13.3 Braking Energy versus Braking Power ................. 416 13.4 Braking Power versus Vehicle Speed ................... 416 Xli Contents 13.5 Braking Energy versus Vehicle Deceleration Rate ......... 417 13.6 Braking Energy on Front and Rear Axles ................ 419 13.7 Brake System of EV, HEV, and FCV .................... 420 13.7.1 Parallel Hybrid Braking System ................. 420 13.7.1.1 Design and Control Principles with Fixed Ratios between Electric and Mechanical Braking Forces ....................... 420 13.7.1.2 Design and Control Principles for Maximum Regenerative Braking ................. 422 13.7.2 Fully Controllable Hybrid Brake System .......... 426 13.7.2.1 Control Strategy for Optimal Braking Performance ........................ 427 13.7.2.2 Control Strategy for Optimal Energy Recovery ........................... 429 References .......................................... 431 14 Fuel Cells ........................................... 433 14.1 Operating Principles of Fuel Cells ..................... 433 14.2 Electrode Potential and Current-Voltage Curve .......... 437 14.3 Fuel and Oxidant Consumption ...................... 440 14.4 Fuel Cell System Characteristics ...................... 441 14.5 Fuel Cell Technologies ............................. 443 14.5.1 Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells ........... 443 14.5.2 Alkaline Fuel Cells .......................... 444 14.5.3 Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells .................... 446 14.5.4 Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells ................... 447 14.5.5 Solid Oxide Fuel Cells ........................ 448 14.5.6 Direct Methanol Fuel Cells .................... 449 14.6 Fuel Supply ..................................... 450 14.6.1 Hydrogen Storage ........................... 450 14.6.1.1 Compressed Hydrogen ................ 450 14.6.1.2 Cryogenic Liquid Hydrogen ............ 452 14.6.1.3 Metal Hydrides ...................... 453 14.6.2 Hydrogen Production ........................ 454 14.6.2.1 Steam Reforming ..................... 454 14.6.2.2 POX Reforming ...................... 455 14.6.2.3 Autothermal Reforming ................ 456 14.6.3 Ammonia as Hydrogen Carrier ................. 457 14.7 Non-Hydrogen Fuel Cells .......................... 457 References ................................ 45g 15 Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Drive Train Design ............... 459 15.1 Configuration ................................... 459 15.2 Control Strategy .................................. 461 15.3 Parametric Design ................................ 463 Contents xiii 15.3.1 Motor Power Design......................... 463 15.3.2 Power Design of the Fuel Cell System ............ 464 15.3.3 Design of the Power and Energy Capacity of the PPS ................................. 465 15.3.3.1 Power Capacity of the PPS .............. 465 15.3.3.2 Energy Capacity of the PPS ............. 465 15.4 Design Example .................................. 466 References .......................................... 469 16 Design of Series Hybrid Drive Train for Off-Road Vehicles .... 471 16.1 Motion Resistance ................................ 471 16.1.1 Motion Resistance Caused by Terrain Compaction ... 472 16.1.2 Motion Resistance Caused by Terrain Bulldozing .... 475 16.1.3 Internal Resistance of the Running Gear .......... 476 16.1.4 Tractive Effort of a Terrain ..................... 476 16.1.5 Drawbar Pull .............................. 477 16.2 Tracked Series Hybrid Vehicle Drive Train Architecture ..... 478 16.3 Parametric Design of the Drive Train .................. 479 16.3.1 Traction Motor Power Design .................. 480 16.3.1.1 Vehicle Thrust versus Speed ............ 480 16.3.1.2 Motor Power and Acceleration Performance ........................ 481 16.3.1.3 Motor Power and Gradeability .......... 482 16.3.1.4 Steering Maneuver of a Tracked Vehicle .... 485 16.4 Engine/Generator Power Design ..................... 489 16.5 Power and Energy Design of Energy Storage ............ 490 16.5.1 Peaking Power for Traction .................... 491 16.5.2 Peaking Power for Nontracrion ................. 491 16.5.3 Energy Design of Batteries/Ultracapacitors ........ 494 16.5.4 Combination of Batteries and Ultracapacitors ...... 494 References .......................................... 496 Appendix Technical Overview of Toyota Prius ................ 499 A.I Vehicle Performance ......................... 499 A.2 Overview of Prius Hybrid Power Train and Control Systems ......................... 499 A.3 Major Components .......................... 501 A.3.1 Engine .............................. 501 A.3.2 Hybrid Transaxle ..................... 501 A.3.3 HV Battery .......................... 502 A.3.4 Inverter Assembly ..................... 506 A.3.4.1 Booster Converter (2004 and Later) . . 506 A.3.4.2 Inverter ...................... 506 A.3.4.3 DC-DC Converter .............. 507 A.3.4.4 AC Inverter ................... 507 xiv Contents A..3.5 Brake System ........................ 507 A.3.5.1 Regenerative Brake Cooperative Control ....................... 509 A.3.5.2 Electronic Brake Distribution Control (2004 and Later Models) .......... 509 A.3.5.3 Brake Assist System (2004 and Later Models) ...................... 510 A..3.6 Electric Power Steering ................. 510 A.3.7 Enhanced Vehicle Stability Control (VSC) System (2004 and Later Prius) ............ 512 A.4 Hybrid System Control Modes ................. 512 Index ................................................. 519 Modern Electric, Hybrid Electric, and Fuel Cell Vehicles Fundamentals, Theory, and Design fe^ J SECOND EDITION I Air pollution, global warming, and the steady decrease in petroleum resources continue to stimulate interest in the development of safe, clean, and highly efficient transportation. Building on the foundation of the bestselling first edition, Modern Electric, Hybrid Electric, and Fuel Cell Vehicles: Fundamentals, Theory, and Design, Second Edition updates and expands its detailed coverage of the vehicle technologies that offer the most promising solutions to these issues affecting the automotive industry. Proven as a useful in-depth resource and comprehensive reference for modern automotive systems engineers, students, and researchers, this book speaks from the perspective of the overall drive train system and not just its individual components. New to the second edition • A case study appendix that breaks down the Toyota Prius hybrid system • Corrections and updates of the material in the first edition • Three new chapters on drive train design methodology and control principles ^^И • A completely rewritten chapter on Fundamentals of Regenerative Braking ^Щ The first edition of this book gave practicing engineers and students a systematic reference to fully understand the essentials of this new technology. This edition introduces newer topics and offers ^ deeper treatments than those included in the first. Revised many times over many years, it will greatly aid engineers, students, researchers, and other professionals who are working in automotive- related industries, as well as those in government and academia.
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author	Ehsani, Mehrdad Gao, Yimin 1957- Emadi, Ali
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id	DE-604.BV035762526
illustrated	Illustrated
indexdate	2025-02-20T06:41:57Z
institution	BVB
isbn	9781420053982
language	English
lccn	2009028979
oai_aleph_id	oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-018622372
oclc_num	636197400
open_access_boolean
owner	DE-29T DE-703 DE-706 DE-573 DE-91G DE-BY-TUM DE-859 DE-862 DE-BY-FWS
owner_facet	DE-29T DE-703 DE-706 DE-573 DE-91G DE-BY-TUM DE-859 DE-862 DE-BY-FWS
physical	XXII, 534 S. Ill., graph. Darst.
publishDate	2010
publishDateSearch	2010
publishDateSort	2010
publisher	CRC Press
record_format	marc
series2	Power electronics and applications series
spellingShingle	Ehsani, Mehrdad Gao, Yimin 1957- Emadi, Ali Modern electric, hybrid electric, and fuel cell vehicles fundamentals, theory, and design Piles à combustible Véhicules hybrides Véhicules électriques Fuel cells Hybrid electric vehicles Elektroantrieb (DE-588)4014238-3 gnd Kraftfahrzeug (DE-588)4073757-3 gnd Brennstoffzelle (DE-588)4008195-3 gnd Hybridantrieb (DE-588)4160835-5 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)4014238-3 (DE-588)4073757-3 (DE-588)4008195-3 (DE-588)4160835-5
title	Modern electric, hybrid electric, and fuel cell vehicles fundamentals, theory, and design
title_auth	Modern electric, hybrid electric, and fuel cell vehicles fundamentals, theory, and design
title_exact_search	Modern electric, hybrid electric, and fuel cell vehicles fundamentals, theory, and design
title_full	Modern electric, hybrid electric, and fuel cell vehicles fundamentals, theory, and design Mehrdad Ehsani ; Yimin Gao ; Ali Emadi
title_fullStr	Modern electric, hybrid electric, and fuel cell vehicles fundamentals, theory, and design Mehrdad Ehsani ; Yimin Gao ; Ali Emadi
title_full_unstemmed	Modern electric, hybrid electric, and fuel cell vehicles fundamentals, theory, and design Mehrdad Ehsani ; Yimin Gao ; Ali Emadi
title_short	Modern electric, hybrid electric, and fuel cell vehicles
title_sort	modern electric hybrid electric and fuel cell vehicles fundamentals theory and design
title_sub	fundamentals, theory, and design
topic	Piles à combustible Véhicules hybrides Véhicules électriques Fuel cells Hybrid electric vehicles Elektroantrieb (DE-588)4014238-3 gnd Kraftfahrzeug (DE-588)4073757-3 gnd Brennstoffzelle (DE-588)4008195-3 gnd Hybridantrieb (DE-588)4160835-5 gnd
topic_facet	Piles à combustible Véhicules hybrides Véhicules électriques Fuel cells Hybrid electric vehicles Elektroantrieb Kraftfahrzeug Brennstoffzelle Hybridantrieb
url	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018622372&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018622372&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
work_keys_str_mv	AT ehsanimehrdad modernelectrichybridelectricandfuelcellvehiclesfundamentalstheoryanddesign AT gaoyimin modernelectrichybridelectricandfuelcellvehiclesfundamentalstheoryanddesign AT emadiali modernelectrichybridelectricandfuelcellvehiclesfundamentalstheoryanddesign

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