Sample sizes for clinical trials:
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| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Boca Raton [u.a.]
CRC Press
2010
|
| Series: | A Chapman & Hall book
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Physical Description: | XXVII, 299 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9781584887393 1584887397 |
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MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a Julious, Steven A. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Sample sizes for clinical trials |c Steven A. Julious |
| 264 | 1 | |a Boca Raton [u.a.] |b CRC Press |c 2010 | |
| 300 | |a XXVII, 299 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
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| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 0 | |a A Chapman & Hall book | |
| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references and index | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Clinical trials |x Statistical methods | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Sampling (Statistics) | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Clinical Trials as Topic |x methods | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Sample Size | |
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| adam_text | Titel: Sample sizes for clinical trials
Autor: Julious, Steven A.
Jahr: 2010
Contents
Preface xvii
List of Figures xix
List of Tables xxi
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Background to Randomised Controlled Trials 1
1.2 Types of Clinical Trial 2
1.3 Assessing Evidence from Trials 3
1.3.1 The Normal Distribution 3
1.3.2 The Central Limit Theorem 3
1.3.3 Frequentist Approaches 5
1.3.3.1 Hypothesis Testing and Estimation 6
1.3.3.2 Hypothesis Testing: Superiority Trials 6
1.3.3.3 Statistical and Clinical Significance
or Importance 10
1.4 Superiority Trials 11
1.5 Equivalence Trials 13
1.5.1 General Case 15
1.5.2 Special Case of No Treatment Difference 16
1.6 Non-inferiority Trials 16
1.7 As-Good-as-or-Better Trials 18
1.7.1 A Test of Non-inferiority and One-Sided Test
of Superiority 18
1.7.2 A Test of Non-inferiority and Two-Sided Test
of Superiority 19
1.8 Assessment of Bioequivalence 20
1.8.1 Justification for Log Transformation 23
1.8.2 Rationale for Using Coefficients of Variation 23
1.8.3 Individual and Population Bioequivalence 24
1.9 Estimation to a Given Precision 24
2 Seven Key Steps to Cook Up a Sample Size 27
2.1 Introduction 27
2.2 Step 1: Deciding on the Trial Objective 27
2.3 Step 2: Deciding on the Endpoint 28
2.4 Step 3: Determining the Effect Size (or Margin) 28
2.4.1 Obtaining an Estimate of the Treatment Effects 28
2.4.1.1 Worked Example with a Binary Endpoint 30
2.4.1.2 Worked Example with Normal Endpoint 30
v
vi Contents
2.4.2 Point Estimate 32
2.4.3 Choice of Equivalence or Non-inferiority Limit 33
2.5 Step 4: Assessing the Population Variability 34
2.5.1 Binary Data 35
2.5.1.1 Worked Example of a Variable Control
Response with Binary Data 35
2.5.2 Normal Data 36
2.5.2.1 Worked Example of Assessing Population
Differences with Normal Data 37
2.6 Step 5: Type I Error 40
2.6.1 Superiority Trials 41
2.6.2 Non-Inferiority and Equivalence Trials 41
2.7 Step 6: Type II Error 42
2.8 Step 7: Other Factors 43
3 Sample Sizes for Parallel Group Superiority Trials with
Normal Data 45
3.1 Introduction 45
3.2 Sample Sizes Estimated Assuming the Population Variance
to Be Known 45
3.3 Worked Example 3.1 49
3.3.1 Initial Wrong Calculation 50
3.3.2 Correct Calculations 51
3.3.3 Accounting for Dropout 52
3.4 Worked Example 3.2 53
3.5 Design Considerations 53
3.5.1 Inclusion of Baselines or Covariates 53
3.5.2 Post-dose Measures Summarised
by Summary Statistics 55
3.5.3 Inclusion of Baseline or Covariates as Well as Post-dose
Measures Summarised by Summary Statistics 56
3.6 Revisiting Worked Example 3.1 57
3.6.1 Reinvestigating the Type II Error 58
3.7 Sensitivity Analysis 59
3.7.1 Worked Example 3.3 60
3.8 Calculations Taking Account of the Imprecision of the
Variance Used in the Sample Size Calculations 61
3.8.1 Worked Example 3.4 63
3.9 Interim Analyses and Sample Size Re-estimation 63
3.9.1 Interim Analyses 64
3.9.1.1 Worked Example 3.5 64
3.9.2 Sample Size Re-estimation 67
Contents vii
3.10 Cluster Randomised Trials 69
3.10.1 Quantifying the Effect of Clustering 70
3.10.2 Sample Size Requirements
for Cluster-Randomised Designs 71
4 Sample Size Calculations for Superiority Cross-over Trials
with Normal Data 73
4.1 Introduction 73
4.2 Sample Sizes Estimated Assuming the Population Variance
to Be Known 73
4.2.1 Analysis of Variance 73
4.2.2 Paired Wests 74
4.2.3 Period-Adjusted f-tests 74
4.2.4 Summary of Statistical Analysis Approaches 75
4.2.5 Sample Size Calculations 75
4.2.6 Worked Example 4.1 77
4.2.7 Worked Example 4.2 78
4.2.8 Worked Example 4.3 79
4.3 Sensitivity Analysis about the Variance Used
in the Sample Size Calculations 80
4.3.1 Worked Example 4.4 80
4.4 Calculations Taking Account of the Imprecision of the
Variance Used in the Sample Size Calculations 80
5 Sample Size Calculations for Equivalence Clinical Trials
with Normal Data 83
5.1 Introduction 83
5.2 Parallel Group Trials 83
5.2.1 Sample Sizes Estimated Assuming the Population
Variance to Be Known 83
5.2.1.1 General Case 83
5.2.1.2 Special Case of No Treatment Difference 85
5.2.1.3 Worked Example 5.1 87
5.2.1.4 Worked Example 5.2 87
5.2.2 Sensitivity Analysis about the Variance Used in the
Sample Size Calculations 87
5.2.2.1 Worked Example 5.3 88
5.2.3 Calculations Taking Account of the Imprecision of
the Variances Used in the Sample Size Calculations 88
5.2.3.1 General Case 88
5.2.3.2 Special Case of No Treatment Difference 89
viii Contents
5.3 Cross-over Trials 90
5.3.1 Sample Size Estimated Assuming the Population
Variance to Be Known 91
5.3.1.1 General Case 91
5.3.1.2 Special Case of No Treatment Difference 92
5.3.2 Calculations Taking Account of the Imprecision of
the Variance Used in the Sample Size Calculations 92
5.3.2.1 General Case 92
5.3.2.2 Special Case of No Treatment Difference 94
6 Sample Size Calculations for Non-Inferiority Clinical Trials
with Normal Data 95
6.1 Introduction 95
6.2 Parallel Group Trials 95
6.2.1 Sample Size Estimated Assuming the Population
Variance to Be Known 95
6.2.2 Non-inferiority versus Superiority Trials 97
6.2.3 Worked Example 6.1 99
6.2.4 Sensitivity Analysis about the Mean Difference
Used in the Sample Size Calculations 100
6.2.5 Worked Example 6.2 101
6.2.6 Calculations Taking Account of the Imprecision
of the Variance Used in the Sample Size Calculations.... 101
6.3 Cross-over Trials 102
6.3.1 Sample Size Estimated Assuming the Population
Variance to Be Known 102
6.3.2 Calculations Taking Account of the Imprecision
of the Variance Used in the Sample Size Calculations.... 103
6.4 As-Good-as-or-Better Trials 105
6.4.1 Worked Example 6.3 106
7 Sample Size Calculations for Bioequivalence Trials 107
7.1 Introduction 107
7.2 Cross-over Trials 107
7.2.1 Sample Sizes Estimated Assuming the Population
Variance to Be Known 107
7.2.1.1 General Case 107
7.2.1.2 Special Case of the Mean Ratio
Equalling Unity 108
7.2.2 Replicate Designs 109
7.2.3 Worked Example 7.1 112
7.2.4 Sensitivity Analysis about the Variance Used
in the Sample Size Calculations 113
7.2.5 Worked Example 7.2 113
Contents ix
7.2.6 Calculations Taking Account of the Imprecision
of the Variance Used in the Sample Size Calculations... 114
7.2.6.1 General Case 114
7.2.6.2 Special Case of the Mean Ratio
Equalling Unity 115
7.3 Parallel Group Studies 116
7.3.1 Sample Size Estimated Assuming the Population
Variance to Be Known 116
7.3.1.1 General Case 116
7.3.1.2 Special Case of the Ratio Equalling Unity 117
7.3.2 Calculations Taking Account of the Imprecision of
the Variance Used in the Sample Size Calculations 118
7.3.2.1 General Case 118
7.3.2.2 Special Case of the Mean Ratio Equalling Unity.... 121
8 Sample Size Calculations for Precision-Based Clinical Trials
with Normal Data 123
8.1 Introduction 123
8.2 Parallel Group Trials 124
8.2.1 Sample Size Estimated Assuming the Population
Variance to Be Known 124
8.2.1.1 Worked Example 8.1: Standard Results 125
8.2.1.2 Worked Example 8.2: Using Results from
Superiority Trials 125
8.2.1.3 Worked Example 8.3: Sample Size Is Based
on Feasibility 126
8.2.2 Sensitivity Analysis about the Variance Used in the
Sample Size Calculations 127
8.2.3 Worked Example 8.4 127
8.2.4 Accounting for the Imprecision of the Variance
in the Future Trial 127
8.2.4.1 Worked Example 8.5: Accounting for the
Imprecision in the Variance in the Future
Trial 128
8.2.5 Calculations Taking Account of the Imprecision of
the Variance Used in the Sample Size Calculations 128
8.2.5.1 Worked Example 8.6: Accounting for the
Imprecision in the Variance of the Variance
Used in Calculations 130
8.2.6 Allowing for the Imprecision in the Variance Used
in the Sample Size Calculations and in Future Trials.... 131
8.2.6.1 Worked Example 8.7: Allowing for the
Imprecision in the Variance Used in the
Sample Size Calculations and in Future Trials....l31
x Contents
8.3 Cross-over Trials 133
8.3.1 Sample Size Estimated Assuming the Population
Variance to Be Known 133
8.3.2 Sensitivity Analysis about the Variance Used in the
Sample Size Calculations 133
8.3.3 Accounting for the Imprecision of the Variance
in the Future Trial 134
8.3.4 Calculations Taking Account of the Imprecision of
the Variance Used in the Sample Size Calculations 134
8.3.5 Allowing for the Imprecision in the Variance Used
in the Sample Size Calculations and in Future Trials.... 136
9 Sample Size Calculations for Parallel Group Superiority
Clinical Trials with Binary Data 139
9.1 Introduction 139
9.2 Inference and Analysis of Clinical Trials with Binary Data 139
9.3 ?r s or p s 140
9.3.1 Absolute Risk Difference 141
9.3.1.1 Calculation of Confidence Intervals 141
9.3.1.2 Normal Approximation 141
9.3.1.3 Normal Approximation with Continuity
Correction 141
9.3.1.4 Exact Confidence Intervals 142
9.3.2 Odds Ratio 142
9.3.2.1 Calculation of Confidence Intervals 143
9.4 Sample Sizes with the Population Effects Assumed Known 144
9.4.1 Odds Ratio 144
9.4.2 Absolute Risk Difference 145
9.4.2.1 Method 1: Using the Anticipated Responses... 146
9.4.2.2 Method 2: Using the Responses under the
Null and Alternative Hypotheses 148
9.4.2.3 Accounting for Continuity Correction 149
9.4.3 Equating Odds Ratios with Absolute Risks 151
9.4.4 Equating Odds Ratios with Absolute Risks:
Revisited 152
9.4.5 Worked Example 9.1 153
9.4.6 Worked Example 9.2 154
9.4.7 Worked Example 9.3 154
9.5 Inclusion of Baselines or Covariates 155
9.6 Sample Size Re-estimation 156
9.7 Sensitivity Analysis about the Estimates of the Population
Effects Used in the Sample Size Calculations 157
9.7.1 Worked Example 9.4 157
9.7.2 Worked Example 9.5 158
Contents xi
9.8 Calculations Taking Account of the Imprecision of the
Estimates of the Population Effects Used in the
Sample Size Calculations 159
9.8.1 Odds Ratio 160
9.8.2 Absolute Risk Difference 160
9.8.3 Worked Example 9.6 161
9.9 Calculations Taking Account of the Imprecision of the
Estimates Used in the Sample Size Calculations:
Bayesian Methods 161
9.9.1 Prior Response 162
9.9.2 Anticipated Response 163
9.9.3 Posterior Response 163
9.9.4 Worked Example 9.7 163
9.9.4.1 Non-informative 163
9.9.4.2 Sceptical Prior 164
9.9.4.3 Optimistic 164
10 Sample Size Calculations for Superiority Cross-over Clinical
Trials with Binary Data 167
10.1 Introduction 167
10.2 Analysis of a Trial 167
10.2.1 Sample Size Estimation with the Population Effects
Assumed Known 168
10.2.1.1 Worked Example 10.1 170
10.2.1.2 Worked Example 10.2 170
10.2.2 Comparison of Cross-over and Parallel
Group Results 171
10.2.2.1 Worked Example 10.3 172
10.2.2.2 Worked Example 10.4 173
10.3 Analysis of a Trial Revisited 174
10.4 Sensitivity Analysis about the Estimates of the Population
Effects Used in the Sample Size Calculations 176
10.5 Calculations Taking Account of the Imprecision of the
Estimates of the Population Effects Used in the Sample
Size Calculations 176
10.6 Calculations Taking Account of the Imprecision of
the Estimates Used in the Sample Size Calculations:
Bayesian Methods 177
11 Sample Size Calculations for Non-inferiority Trials with
Binary Data 179
11.1 Introduction 179
11.2 Choice of Non-inferiority Limit 180
xii Contents
11.3 Parallel Group Trials Sample Size with the Population
Effects Assumed Known 182
11.3.1 Absolute Risk Difference 182
11.3.1.1 Method 1: Using Anticipated Responses 183
11.3.1.2 Method 2: Using Anticipated Responses in
Conjunction with the Non-inferiority Limit.... 183
11.3.1.3 Method 3: Using Maximum Likelihood
Estimates 184
11.3.1.4 Comparison of the Three Methods of
Sample Size Estimation 184
11.3.2 Odds Ratio 184
11.3.2.1 Worked Example 11.1 186
11.3.3 Superiority Trials Revisited 187
11.3.4 Sensitivity Analysis about the Estimates of the
Population Effects Used in the Sample Size
Calculations 187
11.3.4.1 Worked Example 11.2 189
11.3.5 Absolute Risk Difference versus Odds Ratios
Revisited 190
11.3.6 Calculations Taking Account of the Imprecision of
the Estimates of the Population Effects Used in the
Sample Size Calculations 190
11.3.6.1 Worked Example 11.3 191
11.3.7 Calculations Taking Account of the Imprecision of
the Estimates Used in the Calculation of Sample
Sizes: Bayesian Methods 191
11.3.7.1 Worked Example 11.4 192
11.3.8 Calculations Taking Account of the Imprecision of
the Estimates of the Population Effects with Respect
to the Assumptions about the Mean Difference and
the Variance Used in the Sample Size Calculations 192
11.3.8.1 Worked Example 11.5 195
11.3.9 Calculations That Take Account of the Imprecision
of the Estimate Effects with Respect to the
Assumptions about the Mean Difference and the
Variance Used in the Sample Size Calculations:
Bayesian Methods 195
11.3.9.1 Worked Example 11.6 195
11.3.10 Cross-over Trials 195
11.4 As-Good-as-or-Better Trials 196
12 Sample Size Calculations for Equivalence Trials
with Binary Data 197
12.1 Introduction 197
12.2 Parallel Group Trials 197
Contents xiii
12.2.1 Sample Sizes with the Population Effects Assumed
Known: General Case 197
12.2.1.1 Absolute Risk Difference 197
12.2.1.2 Odds Ratio 199
12.2.2 Sample Sizes with the Population Effects Assumed
Known: No Treatment Difference 200
12.2.2.1 Absolute Risk Difference 201
12.2.2.2 Odds Ratio 202
12.2.2.3 Worked Example 12.1 203
12.2.3 Sensitivity Analysis about the Estimates of the
Population Effects Used in the Sample Size
Calculations 203
12.2.3.1 Worked Example 12.2 203
12.2.4 Calculations Taking Account of the Imprecision
of the Estimates of the Population Effects Used in the
Sample Size Calculations 203
12.2.4.1 Worked Example 12.3 205
12.2.5 Calculations That Take Account of the Imprecision
in the Estimates of the Effects Used in the Sample
Size Calculations: Bayesian Methods 205
12.2.5.1 Worked Example 12.4 206
12.2.6 Calculations Taking Account of the Imprecision
of the Population Effects with Respect to the
Assumptions about the Mean Difference and the
Variance Used in the Sample Size Calculations 206
12.2.6.1 Worked Example 12.5 208
12.2.7 Calculations That Take Account of the Imprecision of
the Population Effects with Respect to the Assumptions
about the Mean Difference and the Variance Used in
the Sample Size Calculations: Bayesian Methods 208
12.2.7.1 Worked Example 12.6 208
12.3 Cross-over Trials 208
13 Sample Size Calculations for Precision-Based Trials
with Binary Data 209
13.1 Introduction 209
13.2 Parallel Group Trials 209
13.2.1 Absolute Risk Difference 209
13.2.2 Odds Ratio 211
13.2.3 Equating Odds Ratios with Proportions 211
13.2.4 Worked Example 13.1 213
13.2.5 Sensitivity Analysis about the Estimates of the
Population Effects Used in the Sample Size Calculations....213
13.2.5.1 Worked Example 13.2 214
13.3 Cross-over Trials 214
xiv Contents
14 Sample Size Calculations for Clinical Trials
with Ordinal Data 215
14.1 Introduction 215
14.2 The Quality-of-Life Data 216
14.3 Superiority Trials 217
14.3.1 Parallel Group Trials 217
14.3.2 Sample Sizes That Are Estimated Assuming That
the Population Effects Are Known 217
14.3.2.1 Whitehead s Method 217
14.3.2.2 Noether s Method 223
14.3.3 Comparison of Methods 226
14.3.4 Sensitivity Analysis about the Estimates of the
Population Effects Used in the Sample Size
Calculations 226
14.3.4.1 Worked Example 14.8:
Full Ordinal Scale 228
14.3.4.2 Worked Example 14.9:
Four-Point Scale 229
14.3.5 Calculations Taking Account of the Imprecision of
the Estimates of the Population Effects Used in the
Sample Size Calculations 230
14.3.5.1 Worked Example 14.10:
Full Ordinal Scale 230
14.3.5.2 Worked Example 14.11:
Four-Point Scale 231
14.3.6 Cross-over Trials 232
14.3.6.1 Sample Sizes That Are Estimated Assuming
That the Population Effects Are Known 232
14.3.6.2 Worked Example 14.12:
Full Ordinal Scale 233
14.3.6.3 Worked Example 14.13:
Applying Parallel Group Methodology 234
14.3.6.4 Worked Example 14.14:
Applying Binary Methodology 234
14.3.7 Sensitivity Analysis about the Estimates of the
Population Effects Used in the Sample Size
Calculations 235
14.3.7.1 Worked Example 14.15 235
14.3.8 Calculations Taking Account of the Imprecision
of the Estimates of the Population Effects Used in
the Sample Size Calculations 235
14.3.8.1 Worked Example 14.16 235
Contents xv
14.4 Non-inferiority Trials 236
14.4.1 Parallel Group Trials 237
14.4.1.1 Sample Sizes That Are Estimated Assuming
That the Population Effects Are Known 237
14.4.1.2 Sensitivity Analysis about the Variance That
Is Used in the Sample Size Calculations 238
14.4.1.3 Calculations Taking Account of the
Imprecision of the Variance Used in the
Sample Size Calculations 238
14.4.2 Cross-over Trials 238
14.4.2.1 Sample Sizes That Are Estimated Assuming
That the Population Effects Are Known 238
14.4.2.2 Sensitivity Analysis About the Variance
That Is Used in the Sample Size Calculations 239
14.4.2.3 Calculations Taking Account of the
Imprecision of the Variance Used in the
Sample Size Calculations 239
14.5 As-Good-as-or-Better Trials 239
14.6 Equivalence Trials 239
14.6.1 Parallel Group Trials 240
14.6.1.1 Sample Sizes That Are Estimated Assuming
That the Population Variance Is Known 240
14.6.1.2 Sensitivity Analysis about the Variance
That Is Used in the Sample Size Calculations ...240
14.6.1.3 Calculations Taking Account of the
Imprecision of the Variances Used in the
Sample Size Calculations 241
14.6.2 Cross-over Trials 241
14.6.2.1 Sample Sizes That Are Estimated Assuming
That the Population Variance Is Known 241
14.6.2.2 Sensitivity Analysis about the Variance
That Is Used in the Sample Size Calculations 242
14.6.2.3 Calculations Taking Account of the
Imprecision of the Variances Used in the
Sample Size Calculations 242
14.7 Estimation to a Given Precision 243
14.7.1 Parallel Group Trials 243
14.7.1.1 Sample Sizes That Are Estimated
Assuming That the Population Variance
Is Known 243
14.7.1.2 Worked Example 14.17 243
14.7.1.3 Sensitivity Analysis about the Variance
That Is Used in the Sample Size Calculations 244
14.7.1.4 Worked Example 14.18 244
xvi Contents
14.7.1.5 Calculations Taking Account of the
Imprecision of the Variance Used in the
Sample Size Calculations 244
14.7.1.6 Worked Example 14.19 244
14.7.2 Cross-over Trials 244
15 Sample Size Calculations for Clinical Trials
with Survival Data 247
15.1 Introduction 247
15.2 Superiority Trials 248
15.2.1 Primary Endpoint Is Negative 248
15.2.1.1 Sample Size Calculations:
Number of Events 249
15.2.1.2 Worked Example 15.1 251
15.2.1.3 Sample Size Calculations:
Total Number of Subjects 252
15.2.1.4 Loss to Follow-up 252
15.2.1.5 Worked Example 15.2 252
15.2.1.6 Total Sample Size Revisited 253
15.2.1.7 Worked Example 15.3: Uniform
Recruitment 256
15.2.1.8 Worked Example 15.4: Truncated
Exponential Recruitment 257
15.2.1.9 Worked Example 15.5:
Uniform and Truncated Exponential
Recruitment Revisited 258
15.2.1.10 Comment on the Results 260
15.2.2 Primary Endpoint Is Positive 260
15.2.2.1 Sample Size Calculations: Number of
Events and Total Sample Size 262
15.2.2.2 Worked Example 15.6: Noether Approach 262
15.2.2.3 Worked Example 15.7: Normal Approach 263
15.3 Non-inferiority Trials 264
15.3.1 If Primary Endpoint Is Negative 264
15.3.2 If Primary Endpoint Is Positive 266
15.4 Equivalence Trials 266
15.4.1 If Primary Endpoint Is Negative 266
15.5 Precision Trials 267
15.5.1 If Primary Endpoint Is Negative 267
References 269
Bibliography 277
Appendix 285
Index 291
|
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| discipline | Mathematik Medizin |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV035748285 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T22:03:34Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781584887393 1584887397 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2008053599 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-018608375 |
| oclc_num | 288983232 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-20 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-578 |
| owner_facet | DE-20 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-578 |
| physical | XXVII, 299 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2010 |
| publishDateSearch | 2010 |
| publishDateSort | 2010 |
| publisher | CRC Press |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | A Chapman & Hall book |
| spelling | Julious, Steven A. Verfasser aut Sample sizes for clinical trials Steven A. Julious Boca Raton [u.a.] CRC Press 2010 XXVII, 299 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier A Chapman & Hall book Includes bibliographical references and index Clinical trials Statistical methods Sampling (Statistics) Clinical Trials as Topic methods Sample Size Klinisches Experiment (DE-588)4164223-5 gnd rswk-swf Statistik (DE-588)4056995-0 gnd rswk-swf Klinisches Experiment (DE-588)4164223-5 s Statistik (DE-588)4056995-0 s DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018608375&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Julious, Steven A. Sample sizes for clinical trials Clinical trials Statistical methods Sampling (Statistics) Clinical Trials as Topic methods Sample Size Klinisches Experiment (DE-588)4164223-5 gnd Statistik (DE-588)4056995-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4164223-5 (DE-588)4056995-0 |
| title | Sample sizes for clinical trials |
| title_auth | Sample sizes for clinical trials |
| title_exact_search | Sample sizes for clinical trials |
| title_full | Sample sizes for clinical trials Steven A. Julious |
| title_fullStr | Sample sizes for clinical trials Steven A. Julious |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sample sizes for clinical trials Steven A. Julious |
| title_short | Sample sizes for clinical trials |
| title_sort | sample sizes for clinical trials |
| topic | Clinical trials Statistical methods Sampling (Statistics) Clinical Trials as Topic methods Sample Size Klinisches Experiment (DE-588)4164223-5 gnd Statistik (DE-588)4056995-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Clinical trials Statistical methods Sampling (Statistics) Clinical Trials as Topic methods Sample Size Klinisches Experiment Statistik |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018608375&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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