Budziszyn 1945:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Polish |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Warszawa
Wydawn. "Militaria"
2009
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Militaria
314 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache |
| Beschreibung: | 82 S. Ill., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9788372193148 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804140661360820224 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | ubyło
108
moździerzy kalibru
82
mm,
16
moź¬
dzierzy kalibru
120
mm,
71
dział przeciwpancer¬
nych kalibru
45
mm,
60
dział przeciwpancernych
kalibru
57
mm,
16
armat pułkowych kalibru
76
mm,
63
armaty dywizyjne kalibru
76
mm,
20
hau¬
bic kalibru
122
mm,
2
armato-haubice kalibru
152
mm. Straty te stanowiły
20%
stanu dział i moź¬
dzierzy armii. Po za uzbrojeniem armia straciła w
okresie
15
do
30
kwietnia
1373
konie, ok.
17,5%
stanu, i
330
samochodów, czyli
10,9%
stanu. Z
tych danych wynika, że armia poniosła w czasie
bitwy duże straty. Propaganda komunistyczna tłu¬
maczyła społeczeństwu, że tak wysokie straty były
nie do uniknięcia podczas tak dużej bitwy. Aby to
podkreślić, podano straty zadane siłom niemiec¬
kim, które miały wynosić
20 499
zabitych,
551
jeńców, zniszczonych miało być
314
czołgów i
135
dział samobieżnych i transporterów opance¬
rzonych. Dane te były z pewnością znacznie
zawyżone. Niestety, dopiero po latach, okazało
się, że najbardziej na wielkości strat zaważyło
dowodzenie armią, co przełożyło się na efekty
walki oraz wysokość strat. Niemal wszyscy (warto
podać jeden z wyjątków płk Prus Więckowski,
który był oficerem armii polskiej) wyżsi oficerowie
byli oficerami sowieckimi lub tylko polskiego
pochodzenia, wszyscy byli absolwentami sowiec¬
kich akademii i szkół. Przez cały, w sumie krótki,
okres walk to właśnie dowodzenie wojskami, pro¬
wadzone według sowieckiej sztuki operacyjnej
stało się przyczyną tak wielkich strat. Brak rozpoz¬
nania, a co za tym idzie działanie niemal po omac¬
ku musiało doprowadzić do takich strat. Wojska
stosowały manewr np. obejścia w bardzo ograni¬
czonym zakresie ponadto zabrakło dobrego zgra¬
nia różnych rodzajów wojsk. Doprowadziło to do
tego, że czołgi często walczyły bez wsparcia pie¬
choty, to samo można powiedzieć o artylerii.
Szczególnie dużo można mieć uwag do dowódcy
2.
Armii Wojska Polskiego generała Karola Świer-
czewskiego. W czasach PRL-u wiele wysiłku
włożono w usprawiedliwianie poczynań generała,
a jego śmierć przyczyniła się do „zapomnienia o
tej tragicznej bitwie. Tymczasem to dziwne, nie
zawsze zgodne z zasadami sztuki wojennej
dowodzenie często doprowadzało do znacznych
strat. Doprowadził on do pogubienia się całych
dywizji i braku kontaktu z nimi. Częste, niepo¬
trzebne, marsze bez celu jeszcze bardziej kompli¬
kowały sytuację armii. Generał Świerczewski
wydając rozkazy nie znał często położenia wła¬
snych wojsk oraz oddziałów przeciwnika. Obraz
sytuacji operacyjnej i taktycznej na froncie przesła¬
niał generałowi uporczywy zamiar zdobycia
Drezna, który doprowadził do tragedii, jaka roze¬
grała się w okolicach Budziszyna. Wysoka cenę za
te wszystkie błędy musieli zapłacić żołnierze.
Żołnierze armii, którą wysłano do boju bez
hełmów, a w walce oznaczało to, że prawie każdy
postrzał w głowę był śmiertelny...
Być może stąd też ogromne straty jednostek
2.
Armii Wojska Polskiego w bojach na terenie Łużyc
i pod Budziszynem.
ENGLISH
SUMMARY
Although the military operations of the
2nd
Polish Army, carried out in spring
1945
within the
scope of the Battle of Berlin, lasted for almost three
weeks and played an important part in the operation,
today they are relatively little known. This was
because
-
due to numerous mistakes made by the
commanders
-
the valiant but inexperienced Polish
troops suffered heavy losses in the fight against elite
Wehrmacht
units. The propaganda of the People s
Republic of Poland made every effort to present the
military operations of the
2nd
Polish Army in the
most favourable light. Therefore, only the few suc¬
cessful episodes were highlighted and the events
that cast a shadow over the Polish and Soviet com¬
mand staff were carefully omitted. However, it was
not possible to conceal every error, and therefore the
Trzy porzucone armaty
8,8
cm flak
36/37,
Niemcy, kwiecień
1945
roku.
Three abandoned German 8.8cm Flak
36/37
guns, Germany, April
1945.
[CAW]
80
Dywizja
Division
Żołnierzy
Soldiers
: : <; ;.?;.
-:МоІаавЩ#
V:¥ -iry?
Działa samobieżne
<SP Guns
T-34/85
IS-2
.:-82lnnV
ΐ.
/SÜ-76M
SU-85
ISU-122
1.
Korpus Pancerny
1
st
Armoured Corps
8345
47
39
?
?
11
7
12
86
16.
Sam.
Brygada
Рапс.
16th
Ind.
Arm. Brigade
ok.
560
-
-
-
-
-
-
17
5.
Sam
Pułk Czół. Cięż.
5th
Ind.
Heavy Tank Reg.
287
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
(IS-2)
28.
Pułk
Art. Sam.
28th SP Art. Regiment
277
-
-
-
-
10
-
-
Razem
Total
9467
47
39
?
?
11
17
12
103 + 7
failures of the
2nd
Polish Army were often explai¬
ned with other objective circumstances
that could
not be influenced by the Polish command staff or
fighting soldiers.
The
2nd
Polish Army was formed on
8
August
1944
by the order of the Supreme Command of the
Polish Armed Forces. Lieutenant General
Karol
Świerczewski
was appointed its commander. The
actual formation process of the
2nd
Army commen¬
ced on the basis of the directive of the Main
Command of the Soviet Armed Forces, issued on
12
August
1944.
The
2nd
Polish Army consisted of the 5th, 7th,
8th, 9th and 10th Infantry Divisions, the 16th
Armoured Brigade, the 5th Independent Heavy
Tank Regiment, the 28th Self-Propelled Artillery
Regiment, the 9th and 14th Anti-tank Artillery
Brigade, the
3rd
Anti-Aircraft Artillery Division,
the
3rd
Independent Mortar Regiment, the 4th
Engineer Brigade as well as the
1st
Tank Corps.
On
21
February
1945,
Commander-in-Chief of
the Polish Armed Forces Marshal Michael Rola-
Zymierski ordered the army to regroup and move to
the new concentration area. The regrouping was to
be carried out in the period from
25
February to
13
March. It had been planned in such a way to cover
the broadest possible stretch of the Polish territory.
This was not due to operational reasons, but rather
purely political and propaganda ones.
The Soviet command changed its plans due to
resistance of German forces in Lower Silesia and in
Wroclaw
(Breslau).
The Soviets decided to redeploy
the
2nd
Polish Army to the area of
Breslau.
At that
time the
STAVKA
intended to use the
2nd
Army in
course of fights for the city. During the regrouping
the
2nd
Polish Army was transferred from
Poznan
(Posen)
to the area of
Breslau.
Then it was incorpo¬
rated into the structures of the
1st
Ukrainian Front.
The main forces of the
1
st Ukrainian Front, com¬
manded by Marshal Ivan
Konev,
were to break
through the German lines of defence on the Neisse
River, on the stretch from
Forst
to Bad Muskau, and
then carry out further assault in the direction of
Spremberg and Belzig, aimed at shattering a large
German battle group in the area
Cottbus.
The first
stage of the Front s assault was to be covered from
the south by a battle group that included the
2nd
Polish Army. The formation was supposed to assault
in the direction of Dresden. The Polish attack,
which commenced in the morning of
16
April,
1945
was initially quite successful. The Polish forces
soon broke through three German lines of defence.
Stan
i uzbrojenie jednostek
pancernych
2.
Armii Wojska
Polskiego,
5
maja
1945
roku.
Strength and armament of
the armoured units
of the
2nd
Polish Army,
May
5, 1945.
Żołnierze z
32.
Pułku Piechoty w zdo¬
bytym Niesky,
20
kwietnia
1945
roku.
Soldiers from the 32nd Infantry Regiment in
captured Hiesky, April
20,1945.
[CAW]
81
Żołnierze
2.
Armii Wojska Polskiego
w zdobytej wsi, kwiecień 194S roku.
Wielu żołnierzy używa zdobycznych
rowerów.
Soldiers from the
2nd
Polish Army in a cap¬
tured German village, April
1945.
Many
soldiers used captured bicycles.
[WAF]
The assault of the 10th Infantry Division ended in a
fiasco: the Polish infantry was driven to the other
bank of the river, and the Germans counter-attacked
and invaded the left bank.
Polish units carried out successful assaults in the
direction of village
Horka
and further toward
Niesky. Niesky was captured after heavy fighting.
However, as early as on the first day, the second-
wave units, among others the
1st
Tank Corps, ente¬
red the battlefield. The 7th and 10th Infantry
Divisions were engaged in the fights on the Neisse
River in the rear.
After heavy fights for Niesky and eventual captu¬
ring of the town on
19
April, General
Świerczewski
ordered his forces to start the pursuit of German tro¬
ops and to assault Dresden.
The assault on the capital of Saxony proceeded
without any major obstacles. After two days the
Polish tanks invaded the suburbs of Dresden, follo¬
wed by two infantry divisions. On
21
April, German
troops attacked the opened flank and divided Polish
army formations in two parts, cutting off their sup¬
ply lines. Ignoring this fact,
Świerczewski
ordered
the armoured corps to continue the assault and pur¬
suit on Dresden. In this way, he left the forces on the
left flank
-
threatened with an ongoing German
counter-attack
-
without any support.
As late as on
22
April at noon, General
Świer¬
czewski
ordered the
1st
Tank Corps to withdraw
from the area of Dresden. After a strenuous march
the corps managed to reach Bautzen on the same
day in the evening. However, it was already too
late, because the German troops had managed to
drive back the Poles and repel their successive
counter-attack. Simultaneously, the command of the
2nd
Polish Army withdrew the 8th Infantry Division
from the area of Dresden, leaving there only the 9th
Infantry Division, which later resulted in its defeat.
The strong German forces attacking in the area of
Bautzen
-
which included among others the 20th
and 21st Armoured Divisions, as well as the
Hermann Goring Division and Brandenburg
Division
-
invaded the stretched and unsecured
positions of Polish troops. The 16th Independent
Armoured Brigade was practically shattered near
Förstgen.
The 5th Infantry Division was encircled
near
Klitten;
its commander Brigadier Alexander
Washkiewicz was taken prisoner and later murde¬
red. The German troops cut through the
2nd
Polish
Army, establishing connection to the units located
to the north of Bautzen. The Polish units attempted
to stop the Germans; offensive operations were also
undertaken from the east by the 7th and 10th
Infantry Divisions.
The 9th Infantry Division suffered heavy losses
in course of retreating from the area of Dresden, as
it was carrying out this manoeuvre during daytime,
exposed among others to the enemy air raids. The
division commander was taken prisoner. After
having stopped the Germans, who had managed to
capture Bautzen on April
25, 1945
the
2nd
Polish
Army formed a consolidated front stretching from
Kamenz to Dauban and directed to the south. The
fights lasted until May
1,.
Later, the German attacks
ceased, and the Polish forces were regrouped and
took part in the Prague operation.
The losses suffered in course of the operations in
Lusitia included
18.232
killed, wounded and MIA.
In this short period of time, the
2nd
Polish Army
lost
22
percent of its personnel. During the entire
Second World War, from among all the battles and
operations with the participation of Polish troops,
only the Warsaw Uprising claimed more casualties
than the fights in the area of Bautzen. The German
losses have been estimated at
6500
soldiers and
350
civilians.
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Domański, Jacek |
| author_facet | Domański, Jacek |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Domański, Jacek |
| author_variant | j d jd |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV035746324 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)643186089 (DE-599)BVBBV035746324 |
| era | Geschichte 1945 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1945 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Bautzen Region (DE-588)4004971-1 gnd Bautzen (DE-588)4004968-1 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Bautzen Region Bautzen |
| id | DE-604.BV035746324 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T22:03:31Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788372193148 |
| language | Polish |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-018606443 |
| oclc_num | 643186089 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 82 S. Ill., Kt. |
| publishDate | 2009 |
| publishDateSearch | 2009 |
| publishDateSort | 2009 |
| publisher | Wydawn. "Militaria" |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Militaria |
| series2 | Militaria |
| spelling | Domański, Jacek Verfasser aut Budziszyn 1945 Jacek Domański Warszawa Wydawn. "Militaria" 2009 82 S. Ill., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Militaria 314 Zsfassung in engl. Sprache Geschichte 1945 gnd rswk-swf Kriegsende (DE-588)4114316-4 gnd rswk-swf Zweiter Weltkrieg (DE-588)4079167-1 gnd rswk-swf Schlacht (DE-588)4052531-4 gnd rswk-swf Bautzen Region (DE-588)4004971-1 gnd rswk-swf Bautzen (DE-588)4004968-1 gnd rswk-swf Bautzen (DE-588)4004968-1 g Schlacht (DE-588)4052531-4 s Geschichte 1945 z DE-604 Bautzen Region (DE-588)4004971-1 g Zweiter Weltkrieg (DE-588)4079167-1 s Kriegsende (DE-588)4114316-4 s 1\p DE-604 Militaria 314 (DE-604)BV010948493 314 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 2 application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018606443&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Domański, Jacek Budziszyn 1945 Militaria Kriegsende (DE-588)4114316-4 gnd Zweiter Weltkrieg (DE-588)4079167-1 gnd Schlacht (DE-588)4052531-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4114316-4 (DE-588)4079167-1 (DE-588)4052531-4 (DE-588)4004971-1 (DE-588)4004968-1 |
| title | Budziszyn 1945 |
| title_auth | Budziszyn 1945 |
| title_exact_search | Budziszyn 1945 |
| title_full | Budziszyn 1945 Jacek Domański |
| title_fullStr | Budziszyn 1945 Jacek Domański |
| title_full_unstemmed | Budziszyn 1945 Jacek Domański |
| title_short | Budziszyn 1945 |
| title_sort | budziszyn 1945 |
| topic | Kriegsende (DE-588)4114316-4 gnd Zweiter Weltkrieg (DE-588)4079167-1 gnd Schlacht (DE-588)4052531-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Kriegsende Zweiter Weltkrieg Schlacht Bautzen Region Bautzen |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018606443&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV010948493 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT domanskijacek budziszyn1945 |