Foundations of astrophysics:
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
San Francisco [u.a.]
Pearson Addison-Wesley
2010
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XII, 596 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 25 cm |
| ISBN: | 9780321595584 |
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804140024583684096 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Foundations of astrophysics
Autor: Ryden, Barbara Sue
Jahr: 2010
Contents
Preface xi
1 ¦ Early Astronomy 1
1.1 The Celestial Sphere 1
1.2 Coordinate Systems on a Sphere 3
1.3 Celestial Motions 9
1.4 Basic Timekeeping 16
1.5 Solar and Sidereal Time 17
1.6 Calendars 25
2 ¦ Emergence of Modern Astronomy 29
2.1 Early Greek Astronomy 29
2.2 Ptolemaic Astronomy 34
2.3 Copernican Astronomy 38
2.4 Galileo: The First Modern Scientist 47
2.5 Kepler s Laws of Planetary Motion 50
2.6 Proof of the Earth s Motion 52
2.6.1 Rotation of the Earth 53
2.6.2 Revolution of the Earth 57
3 ¦ Orbital Mechanics 61
3.1 Deriving Kepler s Laws 62
3.1.1 Kepler s Second Law 62
3.1.2 Kepler s First Law 66
3.1.3 Kepler s Third Law 72
3.2 Orbital Energetics 74
3.3 Orbital Speed 75
3.4 The Virial Theorem 78
vi Contents
4 ¦ The Earth-Moon System 83
4.1 Precession 83
4.2 Tides 84
4.3 Limits on the Size of Orbits 92
4.3.1 Minimum Orbit Size: Roche Limit 93
4.3.2 Maximum Orbit Size: Hill Radius 95
4.4 Phases of the Moon 97
4.5 Rotation of the Moon 99
4.6 Eclipses 102
5 ¦ Interaction of Radiation and Matter 111
5.1 Atomic Structure 111
5.2 Atomic Processes 118
5.3 Emission and Absorption Spectra 121
5.4 The Equation of Radiative Transfer 127
5.5 The Curve of Growth 130
5.6 Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium 133
5.7 Blackbody Radiation 137
6 ¦ Astronomical Detection of Light 146
6.1 The Telescope as a Camera 146
6.2 Refracting and Reflecting Telescopes 151
6.3 Quality of Images 155
6.4 Astronomical Instruments and Detectors 159
6.5 Observations and Photon Counting 161
6.6 Observations at Other Wavelengths 165
6.7 Modern Telescopes 168
7 ¦ The Sun 172
7.1 Observable Layers of the Sun 172
7.2 Solar Activity 181
7.3 Angular Momentum of the Sun 189
8 ¦ Overview of the Solar System 194
8.1 Two Types of Planets 194
8.2 Physical Properties of Planets 196
8.3 Formation of the Solar System 203
Contents vii
9 ¦ Earth and Moon 209
9.1 The Earth s Interior 209
9.2 The Earth s Atmosphere 213
9.3 The Earth s Magnetosphere 220
9.4 The Moon s Interior and Surface 221
9.5 The Origin of the Moon 227
Appendix: Radioactive Dating 228
10 ¦ The Planets 232
10.1 Terrestrial Planets 232
10.1.1 Mercury 232
10.1.2 Venus 235
10.1.3 Mars 239
10.2 Jovian Planets 243
10.2.1 Jupiter and Saturn 244
10.2.2 Satellites of Jupiter and Saturn 252
10.2.3 Uranus and Neptune 256
10.3 Planetary Rings 259
11 ¦ Small Bodies in the Solar System 266
11.1 Asteroids 266
11.2 Trans-Neptunian Objects 271
11.3 Comets 277
11.4 Meteoroids and Dust 280
12 The Solar System in Perspective 290
12.1 Comparative Planetology Within the Solar System 290
12.2 Origin of the Solar System 292
12.3 Detecting Exoplanets 294
12.4 Properties of Exoplanets 304
13 ¦ Properties of Stars 307
13.1 How Far Is a Star? 307
13.2 How Bright Is a Star? 309
13.3 How Hot Is a Star? 313
13.4 How Big Is a Star? 318
viii Contents
13.5 How Massive Is a Star? 322
13.5.1 Visual Binaries 322
13.5.2 Spectroscopic Binaries 326
13.5.3 Eclipsing Binaries 329
13.6 How Are Mass, Radius, and Luminosity Related? 330
Appendix: Determination of Bolometric Corrections 332
14 ¦ Stellar Atmospheres 336
14.1 Hydrostatic Equilibrium 336
14.2 Spectral Classification 339
14.3 Luminosity Classes 343
14.4 Hertzsprung-Russell Diagrams 345
15 ¦ Stellar Interiors 350
15.1 Equations of Stellar Structure 350
15.1.1 Energy Transport in Stars 352
15.1.2 Radiative Transport 353
15.1.3 Convective Transport 356
15.2 Energy Generation in Stars 359
15.3 Nuclear Fusion Reactions 362
15.4 Modeling Stellar Interiors 369
Appendix: Random Walk Processes 372
16 ¦ The Interstellar Medium 376
16.1 Interstellar Dust 376
16.1.1 Evidence for Interstellar Dust 376
16.1.2 Observable Effects of Dust on Starlight 378
16.2 Interstellar Gas 380
16.3 The Physics of Non-LTE Gases 384
16.3.1 Ionization Balance 384
16.3.2 Thermal Balance 387
17 Formation and Evolution of Stars 393
17.1 Star Formation 393
17.2 Evolution of Sun-like Stars 398
17.3 Pulsating Variable Stars 402
Contents ix
18- Stellar Remnants 409
18.1 White Dwarfs 410
18.1.1 Degeneracy Pressure 410
18.1.2 Mass-Radius Relationship 412
18.2 Neutron Stars and Pulsars 416
18.3 Black Holes 423
18.4 Novae and Supernovae 426
19 ¦ Our Galaxy 433
19.1 Overview: Morphology of Our Galaxy 433
19.2 Overview: Kinematics and Dynamics of our Galaxy 439
19.3 Local Stellar Motions 444
19.4 The Local Standard of Rest 448
19.5 Differential Rotation of our Galaxy 451
19.6 Determining the Rotation Curve 456
19.7 The Nucleus of our Galaxy 461
20 ¦ Galaxies 467
20.1 Galaxy Classification 468
20.2 Galaxy Spectra 474
20.3 Supermassive Black Holes in Galaxies 480
20.4 Distances to Galaxies 482
20.5 The Hubble Law 484
21 ¦ Active Galaxies 489
21.1 Types of Active Galaxies 490
21.1.1 Seyfert Galaxies 490
21.1.2 Quasars 491
21.1.3 Radio Galaxies 495
21.2 Accretion by Supermassive Black Holes 497
21.2.1 Energetics 497
21.2.2 The Eddington Limit 497
21.2.3 Accretion Disks 499
21.3 The Structure of AGNs and Unified Models 501
21.4 Quasars over Cosmic History 503
21.5 Probing the Intergalactic Medium 505
Appendix: Superluminal Radio Sources 506
Contents
22 ¦ Clusters and Superclusters 511
22.1 Clusters of Galaxies 511
22.2 When Galaxies Collide! 515
22.3 Superclusters and Voids 520
23 ¦ Cosmology 526
23.1 Basic Cosmological Observations 527
23.2 Cosmology a la Newton 533
23.3 Cosmology a la Einstein 536
23.4 Metrics of Spacetime 543
23.5 The Friedmann Equation 546
24 ¦ History of the Universe 551
24.1 The Consensus Model 551
24.2 The Accelerating Universe 559
24.3 The Early Universe 564
24.4 The Very Early Universe 568
A ¦ Astronomical Data 575
Bibliography 583
Credits 585
Index 589
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Ryden, Barbara Sue Peterson, Bradley M. |
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| discipline | Physik |
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| isbn | 9780321595584 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2008053844 |
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| physical | XII, 596 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 25 cm |
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| spelling | Ryden, Barbara Sue Verfasser (DE-588)1011181797 aut Foundations of astrophysics Barbara Ryden ; Bradley M. Peterson San Francisco [u.a.] Pearson Addison-Wesley 2010 XII, 596 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 25 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Astrophysics Textbooks Astrophysik (DE-588)4003326-0 gnd rswk-swf Astrophysik (DE-588)4003326-0 s DE-604 Peterson, Bradley M. Verfasser aut HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018015996&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
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| subject_GND | (DE-588)4003326-0 |
| title | Foundations of astrophysics |
| title_auth | Foundations of astrophysics |
| title_exact_search | Foundations of astrophysics |
| title_full | Foundations of astrophysics Barbara Ryden ; Bradley M. Peterson |
| title_fullStr | Foundations of astrophysics Barbara Ryden ; Bradley M. Peterson |
| title_full_unstemmed | Foundations of astrophysics Barbara Ryden ; Bradley M. Peterson |
| title_short | Foundations of astrophysics |
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| topic | Astrophysics Textbooks Astrophysik (DE-588)4003326-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Astrophysics Textbooks Astrophysik |
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