Paleoclimates: understanding climate change past and present
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York
Columbia Univ. Press
2010
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Beschreibung: | XVIII, 441 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9780231144940 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Paleoclimates |b understanding climate change past and present |c Thomas M. Cronin |
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| 300 | |a XVIII, 441 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. | ||
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| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804140018012258304 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
List of Tables
..................................................................xi
Preface
......................................................................xiii
Acknowledgments
..............................................................xv
Abbreviations
.................................................................xvii
CHAPTER
1.
Paleoclimatology and Modern Challenges
...........................1
Introduction
......................................................1
The Earth s Climate System
..........................................2
Causes of Climate Change
..........................................17
Feedbacks
.......................................................18
Modern Challenges and Paleoclimatology
.............................20
Perspective
......................................................24
CHAPTER
2.
Methods in Paleoclimatology
.....................................27
Introduction
.....................................................27
Archives of Past Climate Changes
....................................28
Geochronology
...................................................31
Proxies in Paleoclimatology
.........................................38
Paleoclimate Modeling
.............................................47
Perspective
......................................................55
Landmark Papers: Paleoclimate Data-Modeling Research
(Barren
et al.
1981;
Barron
and Washington
1985)....................55
CHAPTER
3.
Deep Time: Climate from
3.8
Billion to
65
Million
Years Ago
.......................................................57
Introduction
.....................................................57
Early Earth, Faint Sun Paradox, and Atmospheric Carbon
Dioxide
.......................................................58
Snowball Earth: Neoproterozoic Climate Cycles
........................59
CONTENTS
Phanerozoic Climate Change
........................................64
Jurassic and Cretaceous Oceanic Anoxic Events and Greenhouse Climate
... 72
Mesozoic Climate and Pole-to-Equator Thermal Gradients
...............77
Perspective
......................................................
Landmark Paper: Oceanic Anoxic Events and Global
Warmth
(Schlanger
and Jenkyns
1976)..............................79
CHAPTER
4.
Cenozoic Climate
................................................81
Introduction
.....................................................81
Cenozoic Paleoclimate Programs and Proxies
..........................82
Major Features of Cenozoic Climate
..................................86
Mechanisms of Cenozoic Climate Change
.............................90
Extreme Climate States
...........................................101
Perspective
.....................................................
Ill
Landmark Paper: Greenhouse and Icehouse Climate
States: The Cenozoic Era (Fischer
1981)...........................
Ill
CHAPTER
5.
Orbital Climate Change
.........................................113
Introduction
....................................................113
Astronomical Processes and Calculations
.............................114
Historical Development of Orbital Theory
............................120
Paleoclimate Records of Orbital Variability
...........................124
Uncertainties, Mysteries, and Paradoxes in Orbital Theory
...............130
Orbital Hypotheses and Mechanisms
................................139
Perspective
.....................................................146
Landmark Paper: Orbital Variations: Pacemaker of the Ice Ages
(Hays
et al.
1976)..............................................147
CHAPTER
6.
Glacial Millennial Climate Change
...............................149
Introduction
....................................................
14g
Meridional Overturning Circulation and Hysteresis
....................154
Chronology for Millennial-Scale Climate
.............................156
Dansgaard-Oeschger Events
................................. 159
Heinrich
Events
.......................................
jg^
Relationship Between
Heinrich
and Dansgaard-Oeschger Events
.........174
CONTENTS
Causes
of Glacial-Age Millennial Climate Events
......................176
Perspective
.....................................................182
Landmark Papers: Glacial-Age Millennial Climate Instability
(Dansgaard
et al.
1984, 1993; Johnsen
et al.
1992; Oeschger
et
al.
1984; Bond et
al.
1992).....................................182
CHAPTER
7.
Millennial Climate Events During
Déglaciation
...................185
Introduction
....................................................185
Deglacial Terminology and the Last Glacial Maximum
..................186
The Onset of
Déglaciation
.........................................191
Millennial Climate Reversals During
Déglaciation
.....................200
Mechanisms to Explain Deglacial Climate Changes
....................212
Older Terminations
...............................................214
Perspective
.....................................................214
Landmark Paper: Deglacial Sea-Level Rise: The Barbados
Record (Fairbanks
1989)........................................214
CHAPTER
8.
Holocene Climate Variability
....................................215
Introduction
....................................................215
Holocene Paleoclimatology: Terms
..................................217
Solar Insolation and Tropical Atmospheric Processes
....................219
Holocene Records of Atmospheric Composition and Circulation
..........223
Ocean Variability and Climate
......................................231
Holocene Sea Level and Ice Volume
.................................233
Causes of Holocene Variability
.....................................235
Perspective
.....................................................241
Landmark Paper: Unstable Holocene Climate
(Dentón
and
Karlen 1973)..............................................242
CHAPTER
9.
Abrupt Climate Events
..........................................243
Introduction
....................................................243
Defining Abrupt Climate Change
...................................244
Models of Freshwater Forcing of Climate
.............................246
Continental Records of Glacial Lake Drainage
........................248
Glacial Geology and Geomorphology Applied to Abrupt Climate
..........253
CONTENTS
Glacial
Lakes and Abrupt Climate Events
............................260
Paleoceanographic Changes in Marginal Seas
.........................262
Abrupt Change During the 8.2-ka Event
.............................26,
Tropical Forcing of Abrupt Events
...................................
-05
Perspective
.....................................................
L
Landmark Paper: Abrupt Climate Change from Catastrophic Glacial
Lake Drainage (Broecker
et al.
1989)..............................270
CHAPTER
10.
Internal Modes of Climate Variability
273
Introduction
....................................................273
Indices and Terminology
..........................................276
El Niño-Southern
Oscillation
......................................276
Pacific Decadal and Interdecadal Pacific Oscillations
...................285
Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation
...................................286
North Atlantic Oscillation and Pacific North American Mode
............288
Arctic Oscillation
................................................290
Southern Hemisphere Annular Mode
................................290
Perspective
.....................................................290
Landmark Paper: Paleo-El
Niño
(Dunbar et
al.
1994).................293
CHAPTER
11.
The Anthropocene I: Global and Hemispheric Temperature
........295
Introduction
....................................................295
Before the Anthropocene: The Little Ice Age
..........................298
Forcing Agents of Temperature During the Late Holocene
...............300
The Development of Surface Air Temperature Reconstructions
...........309
Limitations to Atmospheric Temperature Reconstructions
...............310
Regional
Paleotemperature
Reconstructions
..........................313
Climate Modeling and Proxy Reconstructions
.........................314
Perspective
.............................................
3jg
Landmark Paper: The Anthropogene (Bradley and Jones
1993).........316
CHAPTER
12.
The Anthropocene II: Climatic and Hydrological Change
During the Last
2000
Years
.....................................319
Introduction
...............................................
3^g
Atmospheric Records of Climate Change
.............................321
Oceanic Changes
....................................
CONTENTS
Patterns of Internal Climate Variability
..............................334
Polar Regions and Sea Ice
.........................................337
Sea Level, Ice Sheets, and Glaciers
..................................339
Perspective
.....................................................346
Landmark Papers: Low-Latitude Alpine Ice Cores and Climate
Change (L. G. Thompson
et al.
1979, 1985, 1986)....................347
Epilogue
....................................................................349
Appendix: Paleoclimate Proxies
..................................................351
References
...................................................................359
Index
.......................................................................433
The field of paleoclimatology relies on physical,
chemical, and biological proxies of past climate
changes that have been preserved in natural
archives such as glacial ice, tree rings, sediments,
corals, and speleothems. Paleoclimate archives
obtained through field investigations, ocean sedi¬
ment coring expeditions, ice sheet coring pro¬
grams, and other projects allow scientists
to reconstruct climate change over much of
earth s history.
When combined with computer model simulations,
paleoclimatic reconstructions are used to test
hypotheses about the causes of climatic change,
such as greenhouse gases, solar variability,
earth s orbital variations, and hydrological, oce¬
anic, and tectonic processes. This book is a com¬
prehensive, state-of-the art synthesis of paleocli¬
mate research covering all geological timescales,
emphasizing topics that shed light on modern
trends in the earth s climate. Thomas M. Cronin
discusses recent discoveries about past periods
of global warmth, changes in atmospheric green¬
house gas concentrations, abrupt climate and sea-
level change, natural temperature variability, and
other topics directly relevant to controversies over
the causes and impacts of climate change. This
text is geared toward advanced undergraduate
and graduate students and researchers in geol¬
ogy, geography, biology, glaciology, oceanography,
atmospheric sciences, and climate modeling,
fields that contribute to paleoclimatology.
This volume can also serve as a reference for
those requiring a general background on natural
climate variability.
Encyclopedic in its coverage, Paleodimates fea¬
tures a truly incredible breadth of topics.
—Benjamin P. Flower, University of South Florida
Paleodimates is a most useful reference.
Cronin s command of such a broad scope
is impressive.
—Tom Johnson, University of Minnesota, Duluth
Thomas m.
cronin ¡s an adjunct
professor in the Science, Technology,
and International Affairs Program
at Georgetown University s Walsh
School of Foreign Service, where he
teaches a course on oceans, climate,
and world policy. Since earning his
Ph.D. in geology at Harvard Uni¬
versity, Cronin has been a leading
researcher in the field of paleocli¬
mate and sea-level change and is a
research geologist with the United
States Geological Survey. He has
published numerous papers and
one textbook. He currently serves
as coeditor of the journal Global and
Planetary Change.
Cover image: Douglas-fir, Pseu-
dotsuga menziesii,
Zuni
Mountains,
New Mexico. Courtesy of the Labo¬
ratory of Tree-Ring Research, The
University of Arizona.
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| id | DE-604.BV035735333 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:53:18Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780231144940 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2009019740 |
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| spelling | Cronin, Thomas M. Verfasser aut Paleoclimates understanding climate change past and present Thomas M. Cronin New York Columbia Univ. Press 2010 XVIII, 441 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references and index Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Paleoclimatology Paläoklimatologie (DE-588)4173112-8 gnd rswk-swf Klimaänderung (DE-588)4164199-1 gnd rswk-swf Paläoklimatologie (DE-588)4173112-8 s DE-604 Klimaänderung (DE-588)4164199-1 s Geschichte z Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-0-231-51636-5 Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018011856&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018011856&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext |
| spellingShingle | Cronin, Thomas M. Paleoclimates understanding climate change past and present Paleoclimatology Paläoklimatologie (DE-588)4173112-8 gnd Klimaänderung (DE-588)4164199-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4173112-8 (DE-588)4164199-1 |
| title | Paleoclimates understanding climate change past and present |
| title_auth | Paleoclimates understanding climate change past and present |
| title_exact_search | Paleoclimates understanding climate change past and present |
| title_full | Paleoclimates understanding climate change past and present Thomas M. Cronin |
| title_fullStr | Paleoclimates understanding climate change past and present Thomas M. Cronin |
| title_full_unstemmed | Paleoclimates understanding climate change past and present Thomas M. Cronin |
| title_short | Paleoclimates |
| title_sort | paleoclimates understanding climate change past and present |
| title_sub | understanding climate change past and present |
| topic | Paleoclimatology Paläoklimatologie (DE-588)4173112-8 gnd Klimaänderung (DE-588)4164199-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Paleoclimatology Paläoklimatologie Klimaänderung |
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