Advances in fire retardant materials:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cambridge
Woodhead Publ.
2008
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Woodhad Publishing in materials
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Beschreibung: | XVI, 616 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 24 cm |
Internformat
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Advances in fire retardant materials |c ed. by A. R. Horrocks and D. Price |
| 264 | 1 | |a Cambridge |b Woodhead Publ. |c 2008 | |
| 300 | |a XVI, 616 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. |c 24 cm | ||
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| 490 | 0 | |a Woodhad Publishing in materials | |
| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references and index | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Fire resistant materials | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Fireproofing of fabrics | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Horrocks, A. Richard |e Sonstige |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Price, Dennis |e Sonstige |4 oth | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804139415931453440 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Advances in fire retardant materials
Autor: Horrocks, A. Richard
Jahr: 2008
Contents
Contributor contact details
1 Introduction 1
A R Horrocks and D Price.. University of Bolton. UK
Part I Advances in fire retardant materials
2 Flame retardancy of textiles: new approaches 9
S BourBIGOT. Ecole Nationale Superieure de Chimie de
Lille (ENSCL). France
2.1 Introduction 9
2.2 Developments in assessing levels of flame retardancy of textiles 10
2.3 Flame retardant natural fibres 14
2.4 Flame retardant synthetic fibres 23
2.5 Flame retardant inorganic man-made fibres 34
2.6 Future trends 36
2.7 References 37
3 Developments in phosphorus flame retardants 41
S V L E v c H I K . Supresta LLC. USA and h DWin.
Polytechnic Universin of Brooklyn. USA
41
42
43
45
4s
50
S7
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Main types of phosphorus flame retardant
3.3 Polycarbonate and its blends
3.4 Polyesters and nylons
3.5 Epoxy resin
3.6 Polyurethane foams
3.7 Polyolefin^
3.8 Future trends
3.9 Sources of further information and advice
vi Contents
3.10 Conclusions 60
3.11 References 60
4 Halogen-free flame retardants 67
Y-Z WANG, Sichuan University, China
4.1 Introduction 67
4.2 Challenges posed by replacing halogen-containing flame
retardants 67
4.3 Attempts at successful halogen replacement in special
applications 69
4.4 Flame retardancy and anti-dripping properties 73
4.5 Flame retardancy and mechanical properties 76
4.6 Future trends 86
4.7 Acknowledgements 88
4.8 Sources of further information and advice 88
4.9 References 88
5 Nanocomposites I: Current developments in
nanocomposites as novel flame retardants 95
C A Wilkie, Marquette University, USA and A B MORGAN,
University of Dayton Research Institute, USA
5.1 Introduction 95
5.2 Brief history of polymer nanocomposites in flame retardancy
applications 97
5.3 Nanoparticles for polymer nanocomposite use 98
5.4 Polymer nanocomposite formation 103
5.5 Polymer nanocomposite flammability - measured effects
without conventional flame retardants 106
5.6 Mechanism of flammability reduction 108
5.7 Polymer nanocomposites combined with conventional flame
retardants 112
5.8 Applications for flame retardant polymer nanocomposites 114
5.9 Future trends and conclusions 115
5.10 Acknowledgements 117
5.11 Sources of further information and advice 117
5.12 References 117
6 Nanocomposites II: Potential applications for
nanocomposite-based flame retardant systems 124
A R HORROCKS, University of Bolton, UK
6.1 Introduction 124
6.2 Applications and processing challenges for nanocomposite
polymers 125
Contents vii
6.3 Potential application areas 133
6.4 Future trends 153
6.5 References 153
7 Flame retardant/resistant textile coatings and
laminates 159
ARHORROCKS, University of Bolton, UK
7.1 Introduction 160
7.2 Main types of fire retardant/resistant coatings and laminates 161
7.3 Halogen replacement in back-coated textile formulations 171
7.4 Role of nanoparticles 174
7.5 Introduction of volatile phosphorus-containing species 175
7.6 Novel or smart ways of introducing flame retardant coatings to
textiles and laminates 179
7.7 Plasma-initiated coatings 181
7.8 References 184
8 Environmentally friendly flame resistant textiles 188
PJWakelyn, National Cotton Council of America
(retired), USA
8.1 Introduction 188
8.2 Key environmental/ecotoxicological issues 189
8.3 Desirable properties of environmentally friendly flame
retardant chemicals 190
8.4 Examples of potentially environmentally friendly flame
retardant applications for cotton-based textiles 193
8.5 Potentially environmentally friendly flame retardant
applications for mattresses, bedclothes and upholstered furniture 197
8.6 Inherently flame retardant fibers 201
8.7 Risk management, risk mediation and risk reduction 204
8.8 Future trends 206
8.9 Acknowledgements 208
8.10 References 208
9 Recycling and disposal of flame retarded materials 213
ACastrovinci, University of Applied Sciences of
Southern Switzerland, Switzerland, M Lavaselli, Centra
di Cultura per flngegneria delle Materie Plastiche, Italy and
G Camino, Politecnico di Torino, Italy
9.1 Introduction on flame retardants 213
9.2 Recycling 214
9.3 Directives on recycling of flame retarded materials 220
viii Contents
9.4 Recyclability of flame retarded polymers 221
9.5 Conclusions 223
9.6 References 224
Part II Testing, regulation and assessing the benefits of
fire retardant materials
10 Challenges in fire testing: a tester s viewpoint 233
MLJANSSENS, Southwest Research Institute, USA
10.1 Introduction 233
10.2 Type I flammability tests 234
10.3 Type II.A flammability tests 240
10.4 Type II.B flammability tests 246
10.5 Challenges in assessing material flammability 249
10.6 Use of material flammability tests 249
10.7 Limitations of material flammability tests 251
10.8 Future trends in material flammability assessment 252
10.9 Sources of further information and advice 253
10.10 References 253
11 Challenges in fire testing: reaction to fire tests
and assessment of fire toxicity 255
TRHull, University of Central Lancashire, UK
11.1 Introduction 255
11.2 Fire testing - principles and problems 262
11.3 Fire resistance tests 263
11.4 Reaction to fire tests 263
11.5 Measurement of heat release 269
11.6 Fire toxicity 275
11.7 Future trends: prediction of fire behaviour from material
properties and models of fire growth 286
11.8 Sources of further information and advice 287
11.9 References 287
12 New and potential flammability regulations 291
J Troitzsch. Fire and Environmental Protection Service,
Germany
12.1 Introduction: overview of present fire safetv regulations in
Europe 291
12.2 Building 293
12.3 Fire testing of construction products in the European Union 301
Contents ix
12.4 Fire safety requirements and tests for electrical engineering
and electronics equipment 309
12.5 Fire safety requirements and tests in transportation for rail
vehicles and ships 320
12.6 Fire safety requirements and tests in furniture 324
12.7 Future trends 326
12.8 Sources of further information and advice 329
12.9 References 329
13 Life cycle assessment of consumer products with
a focus on fire performance 331
M SlMONSON and P ANDERSON, SP Technical Research
Institute of Sweden, Sweden
13.1 Introduction 331
13.2 Life Cycle Assessment 332
13.3 Television case study 337
13.4 Cable case study 343
13.5 Furniture case study 349
13.6 Conclusions 355
13.7 Future trends 356
13.8 References 357
Part III Applications of fire retardant materials
14 The risks and benefits of flame retardants in
consumer products 363
A M Emsley and G C Stevens, University of Surrey, UK
14.1 Background 363
14.2 The importance of understanding risks and benefits 364
14.3 Primary risks of flame retardants in consumer products 369
14.4 Balance of risk 373
14.5 Benefits of flame retardants in consumer products 377
14.6 Differentiating the effects of smoking and smoke alarm trends 381
14.7 Future trends 391
14.8 Sources of information and advice 394
14.9 References 396
15 Composites having improved fire resistance 398
BKKandola andEKANDARE, University of Bolton, UK
15.1 Introduction 398
15.2 Composites and their constituents 400
15.3 Key issues and performance requirements for different sectors 404
x Contents
15.4 Flammability of composites and their constituents 407
15.5 Fire retardant solutions 416
15.6 Mechanical property degradation during and after fire 430
15.7 Post-fire mechanical performance of fire retardant composites 433
15.8 Future trends 435
15.9 References 436
16 Improving the fire safety of road vehicles 443
MMHirschler, GBH International, USA
16.1 Introduction 443
16.2 Regulatory requirements 445
16.3 United States fire loss statistics 447
16.4 State of the art of regulation and guidelines 448
16.5 Activities of US NFPA Hazard and Risk of Contents and
Furnishings Technical Committee 450
16.6 2007 Draft Guide NFPA 556 452
16.7 Alternate approach 463
16.8 Conclusions 464
16.9 References 464
17 Firefighters protective clothing 467
H M A1C l N E N, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health,
Finland
17.1 Introduction 467
17.2 Different tasks and requirements for fire and heat protection 468
17.3 Types and design of clothing required for protection 471
17.4 Materials used in firefighters clothing 472
17.5 Measuring flame and thermal performance 475
17.6 Future trends 483
17.7 References 486
17.8 Appendix: Standards 489
18 Fire protection in military fabrics 492
S Nazare, University of Bolton, UK
18.1 Introduction 492
18.2 Fire hazards 494
18.3 Military burn injuries 496
18.4 Clothing protection for military personnel 499
18.5 Existing flame retardant solutions for military uniforms 500
18.6 Flame retardant textiles: military applications 507
18.7 Types of military clothing 510
18.8 Testing standards and methodologies 514
Contents xi
18.9 Performance standards and durability requirements 521
18.10 Future trends 522
18.11 Sources of further information and advice 523
18.12 References 524
19 Flame retardant materials for maritime and
naval applications 527
U SORATHIA, Naval Surface Warfare Center, USA
19.1 Introduction 527
19.2 Fire threat 528
19.3 Fire safety regulations 529
19.4 Methods of reducing flammability 531
19.5 Fibre reinforced plastics 538
19.6 Fire performance and test methods for fibre reinforced plastics 540
19.7 Summary 564
19.8 Sources of further information and advice 566
19.9 References 567
20 Materials with reduced flammability in aerospace
and aviation 573
R E LYON, Federal Aviation Administration, USA
20.1 Introduction 573
20.2 History of aircraft fire regulations 574
20.3 Materials used in commercial aircraft 577
20.4 Fire test methods for aircraft materials 585
20.5 Future trends 596
20.6 Acknowledgements 597
20.7 References 597
Index 599
|
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| spelling | Advances in fire retardant materials ed. by A. R. Horrocks and D. Price Cambridge Woodhead Publ. 2008 XVI, 616 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Woodhad Publishing in materials Includes bibliographical references and index Fire resistant materials Fireproofing of fabrics Horrocks, A. Richard Sonstige oth Price, Dennis Sonstige oth HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017754116&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Advances in fire retardant materials Fire resistant materials Fireproofing of fabrics |
| title | Advances in fire retardant materials |
| title_auth | Advances in fire retardant materials |
| title_exact_search | Advances in fire retardant materials |
| title_full | Advances in fire retardant materials ed. by A. R. Horrocks and D. Price |
| title_fullStr | Advances in fire retardant materials ed. by A. R. Horrocks and D. Price |
| title_full_unstemmed | Advances in fire retardant materials ed. by A. R. Horrocks and D. Price |
| title_short | Advances in fire retardant materials |
| title_sort | advances in fire retardant materials |
| topic | Fire resistant materials Fireproofing of fabrics |
| topic_facet | Fire resistant materials Fireproofing of fabrics |
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