Fundamentals in air pollution: from processes to modelling
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| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English French |
| Published: |
Dordrecht [u.a.]
Springer
2010
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | X, 299 S. Ill., zahlr. graph. Darst., Kt. 235 mm x 155 mm |
| ISBN: | 9789048129690 9789048129706 |
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | Titel: Fundamentals in air pollution
Autor: Sportisse, Bruno
Jahr: 2010
Contents
Introduction.................................. I
Greenhouse Effect, Ozone Hole and Air Quality.......... 1
Brief History............................. 1
Accidents. Impacts and Regulatory Context............. 4
A Multiplayer Game......................... 8
Role of Scientific Expertise..................... 10
Atmospheric Dilemma........................ 12
Book Objectives and Organization ................. 14
Bibliography............................. 16
1 Primer for the Atmospheric Composition ............... 17
1.1 Atmospheric Chemical Composition................ 17
1.1.1 Trace Species........................ 17
1.1.2 Gases, Aerosols and Water Drops.............. 20
1.1.3 A Few Species........................ 21
1.1.4 Primary and Secondary Species............... 21
1.2 Atmospheric Vertical Structure................... 22
1.2.1 Atmospheric Layers..................... 22
1.2.2 Atmospheric Pressure.................... 25
1.2.3 Vertical Distribution of Species............... 27
1.3 Timescales.............................. 30
1.3.1 Timescales of Atmospheric Transport............ 30
1.3.2 Atmospheric Residence Time for a Trace Species ..... 32
Problems Related to Chap. I..................... 36
2 Atmospheric Radiative Transfer .................... 45
2.1 Primer for Radiative Transfer.................... 46
2.1.1 Definitions.......................... 46
2.1.2 Energy Transitions...................... 48
2.1.3 Emissions.......................... 50
2.1.4 Absorption.......................... 52
2.1.5 Scattering.......................... 55
vìi
viii Contents
2.1.6 Radiative Transfer Equation................. 59
2.1.7 Additional Facts for Aerosols................ 60
2.1.8 Albedo............................ 62
2.2 Applications to the Earth s Atmosphere............... 63
2.2.1 Solar and Terrestrial Radiation ............... 63
2.2.2 Radiative Budget for the Earth/Atmosphere System .... 68
2.2.3 Greenhouse Effect...................... 71
2.2.4 Aerosols, Clouds and Greenhouse Effect.......... 77
2.2.5 Atmospheric Pollution and Visibility............ 84
Problems Related to Chap. 2..................... 87
3 Atmospheric Boundary Layer...................... 93
3.1 Meteorological Scales........................ 94
3.2 Atmospheric Boundary Layer.................... 96
3.2.1 Background......................... 96
3.2.2 Classification......................... 97
3.3 Thermal Stratification and Stability................. 98
3.3.1 A Few Useful Concepts................... 99
3.3.2 Stability........................... 101
3.3.3 Moist Air........................... 103
3.3.4 Daily Variation of the ABL Stability............ 105
3.4 ABL Turbulence........................... 106
3.4.1 Background......................... 107
3.4.2 Scale Range and Averaging................. 108
3.4.3 Turbulent Kinetic Energy.................. 110
3.4.4 Mixing Height and Turbulence Indicators.......... Ill
3.5 Fundamentals of Atmospheric Dynamics.............. 113
3.5.1 Primer for Fluid Mechanics................. 113
3.5.2 ABL Flow.......................... 117
3.6 A Few Facts for the Urban Climate................. 125
3.6.1 Thermal Forcing and Urban Breeze............. 125
3.6.2 Energy Budget........................ 126
3.6.3 Urban Heat Island...................... 127
3.6.4 Urban Boundary Layer................... 129
Problems Related to Chap. 3..................... 130
4 Gas-Phase Atmospheric Chemistry................... 133
4.1 Primer for Atmospheric Chemistry................. 134
4.1.1 Background for Chemical Kinetics............. 134
4.1.2 Photochemical Reactions.................. 138
4.1.3 Atmosphere as an Oxidizing Reactor............ 142
4.1.4 Chemical Lifetime...................... 144
4.1.5 Validity of Chemical Mechanisms.............. 149
4.2 Stratospheric Chemistry of Ozone.................. 150
4.2.1 Destruction and Production of Stratospheric Ozone .... 150
Contents ix
4.2.2 Ozone Destruction Catalyzed by Bromide and Chloride
Compounds.........................154
4.2.3 Antarctic Ozone Hole....................156
4.3 Tropospheric Chemistry of Ozone..................159
4.3.1 Basic Facts for Combustion................. 159
4.3.2 Photostationary State of Tropospheric Ozone........ 162
4.3.3 Oxidation Chains of VOCs................. 163
4.3.4 NO*-Limited Versus VOC-Limited Chemical Regimes . . 165
4.3.5 Emission Reduction Strategies for Ozone Precursors .... 167
4.3.6 Example of Photochemical Pollution at the Regional
Scale: Case of Île-de-France Region ............ 170
4.3.7 Transcontinental Transport................. 171
4.4 Brief Introduction to Indoor Air Quality .............. 172
Problems Related to Chap. 4..................... 174
5 Aerosols, Clouds and Rains.......................179
5.1 Aerosols and Particles........................180
5.1.1 General Facts ........................ 180
5.1.2 Residence Time and Vertical Distribution.......... 186
5.1.3 Aerosol Dynamics...................... 188
5.1.4 Parameterizations...................... 193
5.2 Aerosols and Clouds......................... 202
5.2.1 Primer for Clouds......................202
5.2.2 Saturation Vapor Pressure of Water, Relative Humidity
and Dew Point........................203
5.2.3 Condensation Nuclei.....................204
5.2.4 Mass Transfer Between the Gaseous Phase and Cloud Drops 210
5.3 Acid Rains and Scavenging.....................212
5.3.1 Acid Rains..........................213
5.3.2 Wet Scavenging.......................218
Problems Related to Chap. 5.....................222
6 Toward Numerical Simulation......................231
6.1 Reactive Dispersion Equation....................232
6.1.1 Dilution and Off-Line Coupling............... 232
6.1.2 Advection-Diffusion-Reaction Equations.......... 232
6.1.3 Averaged Models and Closure Schemes........... 234
6.1.4 Boundary Conditions.................... 238
6.1.5 Model Hierarchy....................... 239
6.2 Fundamentals of Numerical Analysis for Chemistry-Transport
Models................................ 245
6.2.1 Operator Splitting Methods................. 245
6.2.2 Time Integration of Chemical Kinetics........... 249
6.2.3 Advection Schemes..................... 254
6.3 Numerical Simulation of the General Dynamic Equation for
Aerosols (GDE)........................... 260
x Contents
6.3.1 Size Distribution Representation ..............260
6.3.2 Coagulation.........................263
6.3.3 Condensation and Evaporation ...............263
6.4 State-of-the-Art Modeling System..................265
6.4.1 Forward Simulation..................... 265
6.4.2 Uncertainties......................... 265
6.4.3 Advanced Methods ..................... 266
6.4.4 Model-to-Data Comparisons ................ 274
6.4.5 Applications......................... 275
6.5 Next-Generation Models....................... 278
Problems Related to Chap. 6..................... 279
Appendix 1 Units, Constants and Basic Data................283
References...................................285
Index......................................293
|
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| spelling | Sportisse, Bruno 1970- Verfasser (DE-588)12325423X aut Pollution atmosphérique Fundamentals in air pollution from processes to modelling Bruno Sportisse Dordrecht [u.a.] Springer 2010 X, 299 S. Ill., zahlr. graph. Darst., Kt. 235 mm x 155 mm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Mathematisches Modell Air Pollution Mathematical models Atmospheric chemistry Mathematical models Atmospheric diffusion Mathematical models Luftverschmutzung (DE-588)4074381-0 gnd rswk-swf Luftverschmutzung (DE-588)4074381-0 s DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017676742&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Sportisse, Bruno 1970- Fundamentals in air pollution from processes to modelling Mathematisches Modell Air Pollution Mathematical models Atmospheric chemistry Mathematical models Atmospheric diffusion Mathematical models Luftverschmutzung (DE-588)4074381-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4074381-0 |
| title | Fundamentals in air pollution from processes to modelling |
| title_alt | Pollution atmosphérique |
| title_auth | Fundamentals in air pollution from processes to modelling |
| title_exact_search | Fundamentals in air pollution from processes to modelling |
| title_full | Fundamentals in air pollution from processes to modelling Bruno Sportisse |
| title_fullStr | Fundamentals in air pollution from processes to modelling Bruno Sportisse |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fundamentals in air pollution from processes to modelling Bruno Sportisse |
| title_short | Fundamentals in air pollution |
| title_sort | fundamentals in air pollution from processes to modelling |
| title_sub | from processes to modelling |
| topic | Mathematisches Modell Air Pollution Mathematical models Atmospheric chemistry Mathematical models Atmospheric diffusion Mathematical models Luftverschmutzung (DE-588)4074381-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Mathematisches Modell Air Pollution Mathematical models Atmospheric chemistry Mathematical models Atmospheric diffusion Mathematical models Luftverschmutzung |
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