The complete guide to game audio: for composers, musicians, sound designers, and game developers
Discusses creation of music and sound effects for games, and covers technical specifications for composing music and creating sound effects on various gaming platforms and systems. Technical considerations are emphasized for the benefit of the game audio professional. Second edition includes informa...
Gespeichert in:
1. Verfasser: | |
---|---|
Format: | Buch |
Sprache: | English |
Veröffentlicht: |
Amsterdam [u.a.]
Elsevier [u.a.]
2009
|
Ausgabe: | 2. ed. |
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
Zusammenfassung: | Discusses creation of music and sound effects for games, and covers technical specifications for composing music and creating sound effects on various gaming platforms and systems. Technical considerations are emphasized for the benefit of the game audio professional. Second edition includes information about the newest-generation gaming consoles, including Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, Wii, Nintendo DS, and Sony PSP. Companion DVD-ROM features audio and cinematic examples, along with sample business contracts. |
Beschreibung: | Includes index. |
Beschreibung: | xxv, 426 p. Ill. 1 DVD-ROM (12 cm) |
ISBN: | 9780240810744 0240810740 |
Internformat
MARC
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020 | |a 9780240810744 |c pbk. : alk. paper |9 978-0-240-81074-4 | ||
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100 | 1 | |a Marks, Aaron |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
245 | 1 | 0 | |a The complete guide to game audio |b for composers, musicians, sound designers, and game developers |c Aaron Marks |
250 | |a 2. ed. | ||
264 | 1 | |a Amsterdam [u.a.] |b Elsevier [u.a.] |c 2009 | |
300 | |a xxv, 426 p. |b Ill. |e 1 DVD-ROM (12 cm) | ||
336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
500 | |a Includes index. | ||
520 | 3 | |a Discusses creation of music and sound effects for games, and covers technical specifications for composing music and creating sound effects on various gaming platforms and systems. Technical considerations are emphasized for the benefit of the game audio professional. Second edition includes information about the newest-generation gaming consoles, including Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, Wii, Nintendo DS, and Sony PSP. Companion DVD-ROM features audio and cinematic examples, along with sample business contracts. | |
650 | 4 | |a Jeux d'ordinateur - Programmation | |
650 | 7 | |a Jeux vidéo |2 ram | |
650 | 7 | |a Musique par ordinateur |2 ram | |
650 | 4 | |a Son - Enregistrement et reproduction - Techniques numériques | |
650 | 4 | |a Sound |x Recording and reproducing |x Digital techniques | |
650 | 4 | |a Computer games |x Programming | |
650 | 0 | 7 | |a Programmierung |0 (DE-588)4076370-5 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
650 | 0 | 7 | |a Computerspiel |0 (DE-588)4010457-6 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
_version_ | 1804139252403929088 |
---|---|
adam_text | Foreword
..................................................................................................................................................................xix
The Industry Then
.......................................................................................................................................xix
The Industry Now
..........................................................................................................................................xx
About the Author
...............................................................................................................................................xxiii
Acknowledgments
..............................................................................................................................................xxv
Chapter One An Introduction to Game Audio
ι
Insert Quarter Here
....................................................................................................................................................1
The Bleeps and Bloops of Yesteryear
...................................................................................................................3
Where Sound Is Now
.................................................................................................................................................6
Where Sound Is Going
...........................................................................................................................................10
Chances of Finding Work
......................................................................................................................................12
The Rewards
..............................................................................................................................................................14
Fame
.................................................................................................................................................................15
Fortune
............................................................................................................................................................20
Let s Go Get Em
........................................................................................................................................................21
Chapter Two Essential Skill Sets and Tools
25
Important Skills
........................................................................................................................................................25
Attitude
............................................................................................................................................................25
Business Sense
..............................................................................................................................................27
Marketing
........................................................................................................................................................27
Music Skills
.....................................................................................................................................................28
Computer Knowledge
...............................................................................................................................32
Sound Design
................................................................................................................................................34
Voice-overs
.....................................................................................................................................................35
Industry Knowledge
....................................................................................................................................36
IX
X
CONTENTS
Tools for Your Business
...........................................................................................................................................38
Computer
........................................................................................................................................................39
Interfaces
.........................................................................................................................................................40
Software
..........................................................................................................................................................41
Sound Modules, Keyboards, and Virtual Instruments
......................................................................47
Other Instruments
........................................................................................................................................48
Remote Recording
.......................................................................................................................................48
Sound Effects Libraries
...............................................................................................................................49
Development Systems
................................................................................................................................50
Preparing Your Studio for Surround Sound
52
Equipment and Placement
.......................................................................................................................52
Studio Setup
..................................................................................................................................................54
Surround Tips
................................................................................................................................................58
Dolby Support
...............................................................................................................................................58
Chapter Three Getting Organized and
Ready for Business
вз
Understanding the Business of Game Composing
......................................................................................63
Expectations
...................................................................................................................................................63
Reasonable Costs
.........................................................................................................................................66
Flavor of the Month
.....................................................................................................................................67
Composing versus Sound Design
......................................................................................................................67
In-house Audio versus Independent Contractor
..........................................................................................71
In-house Composing
...................................................................................................................................71
In-house Equipment
....................................................................................................................................72
Independent Contractors
74
Audio Demo Reel
77
Putting Your Demo Together: The First Step
77
Demo Content
78
How Long Is Yours?
78
Demo ChicTypes of Demos
79
The Presentation
80
What Format Is Best?
81
Delivery
............................................................................................................................................................82
Follow-ups
......................................................................................................................................................82
CONTENTS
XI
Some
Final
Demo Reel Thoughts
............................................................................................................83
Determining Your Costs
.........................................................................................................................................86
Types of Fees
..................................................................................................................................................86
Rate Calculation
............................................................................................................................................90
Organization Is Key
.................................................................................................................................................92
Chapter Four Finding and Getting the Jobs
95
Marketing
...................................................................................................................................................................95
Tell Everyone
..................................................................................................................................................95
Look Professional
.........................................................................................................................................98
Industry Presence
.......................................................................................................................................102
Basic Marketing Tools
...............................................................................................................................105
Other Resources for Marketing Success
.............................................................................................
in
Whereto Look for Clients
....................................................................................................................................
ill
Internet
..........................................................................................................................................................111
Industry Magazines and Books
..............................................................................................................112
Telephone Books
........................................................................................................................................112
Store Shelves
................................................................................................................................................113
Game Developer Headhunters
..............................................................................................................113
Networking
...................................................................................................................................................114
Finding Your Niche
................................................................................................................................................117
Stay Educated
..............................................................................................................................................118
Start Small
.....................................................................................................................................................118
Start Locally
..................................................................................................................................................119
Getting the Break
.......................................................................................................................................119
Networking Basics
.................................................................................................................................................123
Industry Functions
.....................................................................................................................................124
Make Yourself Available, Make Yourself Known
124
Chapter Five The Bidding Process
127
How Much Do You Charge?
127
Let s Play Twenty Questions
...............................................................................................................................127
Details, Details, Details
..............................................................................................................................129
Asking the Right Questions
................................................................................................................................130
XII
CONTENTS
Pre-Production
Made Simple
.............................................................................................................................136
Contract Payment
Options
.................................................................................................................................136
Speculative Demos
...............................................................................................................................................139
Covering Your Expenses
...........................................................................................................................140
Words of Caution
........................................................................................................................................140
The Bid Submission
...............................................................................................................................................142
The Bid
...........................................................................................................................................................143
There Is Still More
...................................................................................................................................................145
Chapter Six Making the Deals
149
Understanding Industry Contracts and Terminology
................................................................................150
Nondisclosure Agreements
....................................................................................................................150
Work-for-Hire Agreements
......................................................................................................................152
Copyrights
....................................................................................................................................................153
Licenses
.........................................................................................................................................................153
Platforms
.......................................................................................................................................................154
SKUs
................................................................................................................................................................154
Ancillary Rights
...........................................................................................................................................155
Bonuses and Royalties
..............................................................................................................................155
Property Rights
...........................................................................................................................................156
Talent Releases
............................................................................................................................................156
Negotiable Contract Points
................................................................................................................................158
Money
............................................................................................................................................................159
Licensing
.......................................................................................................................................................160
Platforms
.......................................................................................................................................................160
SKUs
................................................................................................................................................................161
Ancillary Rights
...........................................................................................................................................162
Bonuses and Royalties
..............................................................................................................................162
Property Rights for Soundtrack Release
.............................................................................................163
Name Credits, Logos, and Splash Screens
..........................................................................................163
Final Authority
.............................................................................................................................................164
Navigating Negotiations
166
A Real-world Negotiation
........................................................................................................................167
Negotiation Pointers
.................................................................................................................................173
CONTENTS XIII
Change Orders and Reworks
.............................................................................................................................176
Sample Agreements and Contracts
.................................................................................................................177
Sample Nondisclosure Agreement
......................................................................................................178
Sample Talent Release
..............................................................................................................................180
Sample Contracts
.......................................................................................................................................181
Conclusion
...............................................................................................................................................................196
Chapter Seven Setting the Stage
199
Company Liaisons
..................................................................................................................................................199
Executive Producers
..................................................................................................................................200
Producers
......................................................................................................................................................201
Creative Directors
.......................................................................................................................................201
Meetings With the Game Development Team
............................................................................................201
Details to Discuss
........................................................................................................................................205
Pre-Compositional Considerations
..................................................................................................................209
The Big Trade-off
........................................................................................................................................210
Sound Quality versus File Size
...............................................................................................................211
Setting Up Shop
..........................................................................................................................................215
GOTCHAS and Other Things to Watch out for
...........................................................................................220
Placeholders
.................................................................................................................................................220
A Developer s Listening Preference
.....................................................................................................221
Endless Reworks and Change Orders
..................................................................................................221
Communication Breakdown
...................................................................................................................222
Conclusion
...............................................................................................................................................................223
Chapter Eight Creating Music for Games
227
Game Music Varieties
...........................................................................................................................................231
Intro, Closing, and Credit Sequences
231
Cinematic Sequences
................................................................................................................................232
Menu Screen Music
232
Gameplay
Music
232
Plot Advancement, Cut Scenes, and Tie-ins
.......................................................................................233
Wi^ and Lose Finale Cues
..................................................................................................................233
XIV
CONTENTS
Interactive Music
........................................................................................................................................234
Loops
..............................................................................................................................................................
235
Ambient Tracks
............................................................................................................................................235
Stingers
..........................................................................................................................................................
236
Exercises to Create Fitting Game Music
.........................................................................................................237
Watch and Listen
........................................................................................................................................237
Create in Different Styles
.........................................................................................................................238
Try Something New
...................................................................................................................................239
Practice Makes Perfect
..............................................................................................................................240
Some Technical Considerations
........................................................................................................................240
Which Platform Is the Game Being Developed for?
.......................................................................241
What Is the Playback and Delivery Format?
......................................................................................241
Isa
Preset Sound Bank Available?
.........................................................................................................243
What Memory Parameters Will You Have to Work Within?
...........................................................243
Technical Wrap-up
.....................................................................................................................................244
Musical Details to Reconsider
............................................................................................................................247
Compositional Methods
......................................................................................................................................251
Determine Your Best Personal Methods
.............................................................................................251
Choosing the Best Palette of Sounds
..................................................................................................252
Stay Within the Theme
.............................................................................................................................252
Immersion
.....................................................................................................................................................253
Compose While Recording
......................................................................................................................253
Using Loops as a Tool
................................................................................................................................254
Experimentation
.........................................................................................................................................254
Compose While Playing the Game
255
Recording Methods
.............................................................................................................................................257
Traditional Recording
257
Progressive Recording Methods
258
Other Music Making Methods
261
Streamline to the Final Format
261
Editing Music
262
Audio Editing Software
262
Conversions
...........................................................................................266
CONTENTS
XV
Chapter Nine Creating Sound Effects for Games
269
The Creative Aspects of Sound Design
..........................................................................................................269
Types of Sound Design
........................................................................................................................................271
Foley
................................................................................................................................................................272
Sound Libraries
...........................................................................................................................................277
Original Development
..............................................................................................................................278
Editing Methods
.....................................................................................................................................................282
Using Audio Editing Software
................................................................................................................283
Using Multi-track Software for Sound Design
..................................................................................291
Sequencing Software and Samplers
....................................................................................................294
Sound Design in the Production Cycle
...........................................................................................................297
Specific Sound Design Questions to Answer
...............................................................................................298
Determining Necessary Sounds
.......................................................................................................................301
Sound Effects Lists
.....................................................................................................................................304
Alpha Game Versions and Other Visuals
............................................................................................307
Beta Testing
..................................................................................................................................................309
Creating Original Sound Effects That Fit
........................................................................................................311
Getting Organized
.....................................................................................................................................311
Creating a Sound Palette
.........................................................................................................................311
Effective Creation
.......................................................................................................................................312
Creative Forces
............................................................................................................................................313
Presenting the Final Work
...................................................................................................................................315
Conclusion
...............................................................................................................................................................316
Chapter Ten Blending the Total SoundScape
323
Maintaining Consistency in Production With Audio Elements
..............................................................328
Consistency in Music
.................................................................................................................................329
Music Mastering
....................................................................................................................................331
Consistency in Sound Effects
332
Sound Effects Mastering
332
Consistency in Voice-overs and Speech
333
Quality Control
......................................................................................................................................................338
Check Mixes on Several Systems
...........................................................................................................338
XVI CONTENTS
Check Your Sounds in the Actual Game
.............................................................................................
338
Teamwork With the Developer
..............................................................................................................339
Conclusion
...............................................................................................................................................................
339
Chapter Eleven Game Platforms and Their Audio
Development Issues
З4з
Next-Generation Consoles
.................................................................................................................................345
Microsoft Xbox
360....................................................................................................................................346
Sony PlayStation
3.....................................................................................................................................348
Nintendo Wii
................................................................................................................................................351
Other Gaming Platforms
.....................................................................................................................................353
CD/DVD-ROM Games
................................................................................................................................354
Nintendo Dual Screen and Nintendo Dual Screen Lite
.................................................................357
Sony PlayStation Portable
.......................................................................................................................358
Web-and Cell-phone-based Games: Java and Flash
.....................................................................359
Coin-op Games
...........................................................................................................................................360
Previous-Generation Consoles
..........................................................................................................................362
Sony PlayStation
2.....................................................................................................................................364
Nintendo GameCube
................................................................................................................................365
Microsoft Xbox
............................................................................................................................................367
Nintendo GameBoy Advanced
..............................................................................................................369
Conclusion
...............................................................................................................................................................371
Chapter Twelve For the Developer
375
Understanding Sound
..........................................................................................................................................375
The Psychology of Sound
........................................................................................................................377
Soundscapes 378
Size versus Quality
...............................................................................................................................381
Working With Contractors
З8З
Reconnaissance and Homework
384
Questions Composers and Sound Designers Will Ask
387
Getting to Work
390
Working With Sound Designers
............................................................................................................390
CONTENTS
XVII
Working With Composers
........................................................................................................................391
Music Creation Example
..........................................................................................................................392
The Next Step
..........................................................................................................................................................398
Production Nightmares
.......................................................................................................................................399
Conclusion
...............................................................................................................................................................400
Postscript: Game Over? Not Hardly.
403
Appendix A: Game Audio: Getting the Help You Need to Succeed
.......................................405
You re Serious About Game Audio
...................................................................................................................406
Five Keys to Success in Game Audio
...............................................................................................................407
Networking
...................................................................................................................................................407
Mastery
..........................................................................................................................................................408
Reputation
....................................................................................................................................................408
Community
...................................................................................................................................................408
Guidance
.......................................................................................................................................................408
Your Peers Compete With You for Access to Experts in Your Field
........................................................409
Don t Go It Alone
...................................................................................................................................................410
Get the Help You Deserve
...................................................................................................................................411
Appendix B: The Grammy Awards and Other Game Audio Awards
413
Who s Eligible?
........................................................................................................................................................414
NARAS Details
.........................................................................................................................................................415
voting Member
...........................................................................................................................................415
Associate Member
.....................................................................................................................................415
Student Member
........................................................................................................................................415
Applying
...................................................................................................................................................................415
Other Game Music Awards
.................................................................................................................................416
Index
..........................................................................................................................................................................417
What s on the DVD
|
any_adam_object | 1 |
author | Marks, Aaron |
author_facet | Marks, Aaron |
author_role | aut |
author_sort | Marks, Aaron |
author_variant | a m am |
building | Verbundindex |
bvnumber | BV035590329 |
callnumber-first | T - Technology |
callnumber-label | TK7881 |
callnumber-raw | TK7881.4 |
callnumber-search | TK7881.4 |
callnumber-sort | TK 47881.4 |
callnumber-subject | TK - Electrical and Nuclear Engineering |
classification_rvk | LR 57790 ST 324 |
ctrlnum | (OCoLC)232786742 (DE-599)BVBBV035590329 |
dewey-full | 794.8 |
dewey-hundreds | 700 - The arts |
dewey-ones | 794 - Indoor games of skill |
dewey-raw | 794.8 |
dewey-search | 794.8 |
dewey-sort | 3794.8 |
dewey-tens | 790 - Recreational and performing arts |
discipline | Sport Informatik Musikwissenschaft |
edition | 2. ed. |
format | Book |
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id | DE-604.BV035590329 |
illustrated | Illustrated |
indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:41:08Z |
institution | BVB |
isbn | 9780240810744 0240810740 |
language | English |
lccn | 2008028495 |
oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-017645562 |
oclc_num | 232786742 |
open_access_boolean | |
owner | DE-703 DE-1102 DE-859 |
owner_facet | DE-703 DE-1102 DE-859 |
physical | xxv, 426 p. Ill. 1 DVD-ROM (12 cm) |
publishDate | 2009 |
publishDateSearch | 2009 |
publishDateSort | 2009 |
publisher | Elsevier [u.a.] |
record_format | marc |
spelling | Marks, Aaron Verfasser aut The complete guide to game audio for composers, musicians, sound designers, and game developers Aaron Marks 2. ed. Amsterdam [u.a.] Elsevier [u.a.] 2009 xxv, 426 p. Ill. 1 DVD-ROM (12 cm) txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes index. Discusses creation of music and sound effects for games, and covers technical specifications for composing music and creating sound effects on various gaming platforms and systems. Technical considerations are emphasized for the benefit of the game audio professional. Second edition includes information about the newest-generation gaming consoles, including Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, Wii, Nintendo DS, and Sony PSP. Companion DVD-ROM features audio and cinematic examples, along with sample business contracts. Jeux d'ordinateur - Programmation Jeux vidéo ram Musique par ordinateur ram Son - Enregistrement et reproduction - Techniques numériques Sound Recording and reproducing Digital techniques Computer games Programming Programmierung (DE-588)4076370-5 gnd rswk-swf Computerspiel (DE-588)4010457-6 gnd rswk-swf Musik (DE-588)4040802-4 gnd rswk-swf Computerspiel (DE-588)4010457-6 s Musik (DE-588)4040802-4 s Programmierung (DE-588)4076370-5 s DE-604 Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017645562&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
spellingShingle | Marks, Aaron The complete guide to game audio for composers, musicians, sound designers, and game developers Jeux d'ordinateur - Programmation Jeux vidéo ram Musique par ordinateur ram Son - Enregistrement et reproduction - Techniques numériques Sound Recording and reproducing Digital techniques Computer games Programming Programmierung (DE-588)4076370-5 gnd Computerspiel (DE-588)4010457-6 gnd Musik (DE-588)4040802-4 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4076370-5 (DE-588)4010457-6 (DE-588)4040802-4 |
title | The complete guide to game audio for composers, musicians, sound designers, and game developers |
title_auth | The complete guide to game audio for composers, musicians, sound designers, and game developers |
title_exact_search | The complete guide to game audio for composers, musicians, sound designers, and game developers |
title_full | The complete guide to game audio for composers, musicians, sound designers, and game developers Aaron Marks |
title_fullStr | The complete guide to game audio for composers, musicians, sound designers, and game developers Aaron Marks |
title_full_unstemmed | The complete guide to game audio for composers, musicians, sound designers, and game developers Aaron Marks |
title_short | The complete guide to game audio |
title_sort | the complete guide to game audio for composers musicians sound designers and game developers |
title_sub | for composers, musicians, sound designers, and game developers |
topic | Jeux d'ordinateur - Programmation Jeux vidéo ram Musique par ordinateur ram Son - Enregistrement et reproduction - Techniques numériques Sound Recording and reproducing Digital techniques Computer games Programming Programmierung (DE-588)4076370-5 gnd Computerspiel (DE-588)4010457-6 gnd Musik (DE-588)4040802-4 gnd |
topic_facet | Jeux d'ordinateur - Programmation Jeux vidéo Musique par ordinateur Son - Enregistrement et reproduction - Techniques numériques Sound Recording and reproducing Digital techniques Computer games Programming Programmierung Computerspiel Musik |
url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017645562&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
work_keys_str_mv | AT marksaaron thecompleteguidetogameaudioforcomposersmusicianssounddesignersandgamedevelopers |