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Solar energy: renewable energy and the environment

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Foster, Robert 1962- (Author), Ghassemi, Majid (Author), Cota, Alma (Author)
Format:	Book
Language:	English
Published:	Boca Raton, FL [u.a.] CRC Press 2010
Series:	Energy and the environment series
Subjects:	Umwelt Solar energy Renewable energy sources > Environmental aspects Solarzelle Energiespeicherung Solarthermie Sonnenstrahlung Erneuerbare Energien Sonnenenergie Solartechnik Energieumwandlung Fotovoltaik Einführung
Online Access:	Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext
Physical Description:	XXVII, 352 S. Ill., graph. Darst.
ISBN:	9781420075663

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adam_text	Contents Series Preface ................................................................................................................................. The Series Editor ........................................................................................................................... xv¡j Preface .............................................................................................................................................xix Acknowledgments ........................................................................................................................xxiii The Authors ...................................................................................................................................xxv The Contributors ..........................................................................................................................xxvii Chapter 1 Introduction to Solar Energy ........................................................................................1 1.1 The Twenty-First Century s Perfect Energy Storm ...........................................1 1.2 Renewable Energy for Rural Development .......................................................2 1.3 Renewable Energy Solutions .............................................................................3 1.4 Global Solar Resource .......................................................................................4 Problems .......................................................................................................................5 Chapter 2 Solar Resource ..............................................................................................................7 2.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................7 2.2 Sun-Earth Geometric Relationship ...................................................................7 2.2.1 Earth-Sun Distance .............................................................................8 2.2.2 Apparent Path of the Sun .....................................................................9 2.2.3 Earth and Celestial Coordinate Systems ............................................10 2.2.4 Position of the Sun with Respect to a Horizontal Surface .................12 2.2.5 Position of the Sun with Respect to a Tilted Surface .........................22 2.3 Equation of Time .............................................................................................26 2.4 Structure of the Sun .........................................................................................29 2.5 Electromagnetic Radiation ..............................................................................30 2.6 Solar Spectral Distribution ..............................................................................33 2.7 Solar Constant .................................................................................................34 2.8 Extraterrestrial Solar Radiation .......................................................................36 2.9 Terrestrial Solar Radiation ..............................................................................37 2.10 Measurement of Terrestrial Solar Radiation ...................................................40 2.11 Terrestrial Insolation on Tilted Collectors ......................................................42 2.11.1 Instantaneous and Hourly Radiation ..................................................46 2.11.2 Monthly Average Daily Insolation .....................................................49 References ..................................................................·...............................................52 Problems .....................................................................................................................53 Chapter 3 Fundamentals of Engineering: Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer ........................55 3.1 Introduction .....................................................................................................55 3.2 Conduction Heat Transfer ................................................................................55 3.3 One-Dimensional Conduction Heat Transfer in a Rectangular Coordinate .......................................................................................................57 3.4 Thermal Resistance Circuits ...........................................................................59 3.5 One-Dimensional Conduction Heat Transfer in a Cylindrical Coordinate .....60 vi Contents 3.6 Convection Heat Transfer ................................................................................63 3.7 Radiation Heat Transfer ...................................................................................65 3.7.1 Surface Property .................................................................................66 3.7.2 Blackbody Radiation ..........................................................................66 3.7.3 Real Body Radiation ..........................................................................67 3.8 Introduction to Thermodynamics ....................................................................68 3.8.1 The First Law of Thermodynamics ....................................................68 3.8.2 The Second Law of Thermodynamics ...............................................69 3.8.3 The Third Law of Thermodynamics ..................................................70 References ..................................................................................................................70 Problems .....................................................................................................................71 Chapter 4 Solar Thermal Systems and Applications ..................................................................73 4.1 Introduction .....................................................................................................73 4.2 Solar Collectors ...............................................................................................73 4.2.1 Flat-Plate Collectors ...........................................................................74 4.2.1.1 Flat-Plate Collector Thermal Testing .................................76 4.2.1.2 Collector Efficiency Curve .................................................78 4.2.2 Evacuated-Tube Solar Collectors ........................................................78 4.2.3 Concentrating Collectors ....................................................................80 4.2.3.1 Optic Fundamentals for Solar Concentration .....................84 4.2.3.2 Parabolic Concentrators ......................................................87 4.2.4 Compound Parabolic Concentrators (CPCs) ......................................90 4.2.5 Fresnel Lens Concentrators ................................................................94 4.2.6 Heliostats ............................................................................................94 4.3 Tracking Systems ............................................................................................96 4.4 Solar Thermal Systems ....................................................................................97 4.4.1 Passive and Active Solar Thermal Systems .......................................99 4.4.1.1 Solar Thermal Application: Water Heating for Domestic Use ......................................................................99 4.4.1.2 Solar Thermal Application: Water Heating for Industrial Use ....................................................................103 4.4.2 Case of Active Solar Drying: Sludge Drying ...................................103 4.4.2.1 Solar Thermal Application: Solar Distillation ..................106 4.4.3 Case of Passive Direct and Indirect Solar Distillation: Water Desalination ......................................................................................108 4.4.4 Case of Passive Solar Indirect Drying: Food Drying .......................110 4.4.5 Case of an Active Solar Chemical Process: Water Detoxification... 110 References ................................................................................................................ 114 Chapters Photovoltaic Cells .....................................................................................................115 Jeannette M. Moore 5.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................115 5.2 Crystal Structure ...........................................................................................115 5.3 Cell Physics ................................................................................................... 117 5.4 Energy Bands .................................................................................................118 5.5 More about Electrons and Their Energy .......................................................119 5.6 Electrons and Holes .......................................................................................120 Contents vii 5.7 Direct and Indirect Band-Gap Materials .......................................................120 5.8 Doping ...........................................................................................................121 5.9 Transport ........................................................................................................122 5.10 Generation and Recombination .....................................................................122 5.11 The p-n Junction ...........................................................................................122 5.12 Solar Cell Equations ......................................................................................124 5.13 Characterization ............................................................................................125 5.14 Efficiency .......................................................................................................127 5.14.1 Temperature ......................................................................................127 5.14.2 Light .................................................................................................129 5.14.3 Type and Purity of Material ............................................................. 129 5.14.4 Parasitic Resistances ........................................................................130 5.15 Current Research ...........................................................................................130 5.15.1 Concentrating Solar Cells ................................................................130 5.15.2 Tandem Cells .................................................................................... 131 5.15.3 Thin Film Technologies ................................................................... 131 5.15.4 Quantum Dots .................................................................................. 131 5.16 Cell Applications ...........................................................................................132 5.16.1 Utility Power Generation ..................................................................132 5.16.2 Space Systems ..................................................................................132 5.16.3 Solar-Powered Products ...................................................................133 References ................................................................................................................133 Problems ...................................................................................................................133 Chapter 6 Photovoltaic Conversion Systems .............................................................................135 6.1 Solar Benefits .................................................................................................135 6.1.1 Energy Alternatives ..........................................................................136 6.2 Basic Module Electrical Concepts .................................................................137 6.2.1 PV Electrical Characteristics ...........................................................137 6.2.2 Common PV Terminology ...............................................................138 6.2.3 I-V Curves ........................................................................................138 6.3 PV Arrays ......................................................................................................141 6.3.1 Increasing Voltage ............................................................................141 6.3.2 Increasing Current. ...........................................................................142 6.4 PV Array Tilt .................................................................................................143 6.5 PV Balance of Systems ..................................................................................144 6.5.1 Energy Storage ................................................................................. 145 6.5.2 Charge Controllers ...........................................................................145 6.5.3 Inverters and Converters .................................................................. 145 6.6 PV System Utility ..........................................................................................148 6.6.1 Grounding and Bonding DC and AC Circuits ................................. 148 6.6.2 Net Metering ....................................................................................150 6.7 PV System Safety ..........................................................................................150 6.8 PV System Testing Rules ...............................................................................150 References ................................................................................................................ Problems ................................................................................................................... Chapter 7 Photovoltaic System Sizing and Design ...................................................................153 7.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................153 viii Contents 7.2 Solar Resource Sizing Considerations ...........................................................153 7.3 Solar Trajectory .............................................................................................154 7.4 Solar Energy System Sizing Considerations .................................................155 7.5 Solar Energy System Sizing ..........................................................................156 7.5.1 Example of Simple PV DC System Sizing .......................................156 Ί .5.2 Sizing Inverters ................................................................................157 7.5.2.1 Technical Specifications ...................................................158 7.5.2.2 Load Estimation ................................................................158 7.5.2.3 Battery Storage Requirement ............................................158 7.5.2.4 Array Estimation ..............................................................159 7.5.2.5 System Summary ..............................................................159 7.6 Solar Water Pumping System Sizing .............................................................159 7.6.1 General Method of Sizing a Solar Pump .........................................160 7.7 Generic Water Pump Sizing Methodology .................................................... 161 7.8 Electrical Codes for PV System Design ........................................................164 7.9 Stand-Alone PV Lighting Design Example ...................................................169 References ................................................................................................................172 Problems ...................................................................................................................172 Chapter 8 Photovoltaic (PV) Applications ................................................................................173 8.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................173 8.2 Grid-Tied PV .................................................................................................173 8.3 Japanese PV Development and Applications ................................................175 8.3.1 Japanese Government s Approach ...................................................178 8.3.2 Japanese PV Utilities ........................................................................179 8.3.3 Japanese Marketing ..........................................................................180 8.3.4 Japanese PV Electrical Code ............................................................181 8.3.5 Japanese PV Design .........................................................................182 8.3.6 Japanese PV System Guarantees ......................................................184 8.3.7 Japanese PV Development ...............................................................184 8.3.8 Japanese PV Module Certification ...................................................185 8.4 Future Japanese Trends .................................................................................187 8.5 Stand-Alone PV Applications .......................................................................188 8.5.1 PV Solar Home Lighting Systems ....................................................188 8.5.2 PV Battery Charging Stations ..........................................................192 8.5.3 PVLS Human Motivation: the Final Driver of System Success [Guest Authors Debora Ley, University of Oxford and H. J. Corsair, The Johns Hopkins University] ..........................................195 8.5.4 PV in Xenimajuyu: the Xocoy Family [Guest Authors Debora Ley, University of Oxford and H. J. Corsair, The Johns Hopkins University] ..........................................196 8.6 PV for Schools ...............................................................................................197 8.7 PV for Protected Areas ..................................................................................199 8.7.1 PV Ice-Making and Refrigeration ....................................................202 8.7.2 PV Ice-Making .................................................................................203 8.8 PV Water-Pumping ........................................................................................204 8.8.1 Hydraulic Workloads ........................................................................205 8.8.2 Other Considerations ........................................................................206 8.8.3 Pressure ............................................................................................207 Contents ¡x 8.8.4 Static Head .......................................................................................207 8.8.5 Pumping Requirements ....................................................................208 8.8.6 Dynamic Systems .............................................................................208 8.8.7 Water Demand ..................................................................................210 8.8.7.1 Water Resources ...............................................................211 8.8.8 Storage of Water versus Storage of Energy in Batteries ..................212 8.8.9 Pumping Mechanisms Used for Solar Pumps ..................................213 8.8.9.1 Centrifugal Pumps ............................................................213 8.8.9.2 Positive Displacement Pumps ...........................................213 8.8.9.3 Surface Pumps versus Submersible Pumps ......................214 8.8.10 Types of Motors Used with Solar Pumps .........................................216 8.8.11 Solar Pump Controllers ....................................................................217 8.8.11.1 Additional Features of Pump Controllers .........................217 8.8.12 Pump Selection .................................................................................218 8.8.13 installation, Operation, and Maintenance ........................................218 8.8.14 System Instai lation........................................................................... 219 8.8.14.1 Civil Works .......................................................................220 8.8.14.2 Piping ................................................................................221 8.8.14.3 Surface-Pump Installation ................................................221 8.8.14.4 Surface Water Pumps: Preventing Cavitation and Noise ..............................................................................222 8.8.14.5 Installation of Submersible Pumps ...................................222 8.9 Grounding and Lightning Protection for Solar Water Pumps .......................222 8.9.1 Bond (Interconnect) All Metal Structural Components and Electrical Enclosures ........................................................................223 8.9.2 Ground ..............................................................................................223 8.9.3 Float Switch Cable ...........................................................................223 8.9.4 Additional Lightning Protection ......................................................224 8.10 Solar Tracking for Solar Water Pumps ..........................................................224 8.10.1 Passive Trackers ...............................................................................224 8.10.2 Active Trackers versus Passive Trackers ..........................................225 8.11 Operation and Maintenance of the Systems ..................................................225 8.12 The PV Array ................................................................................................226 8.12.1 Pumps and Motors ............................................................................227 8.12.2 Water Supply Systems ......................................................................227 8.13 PV Water-Pumping Results ...........................................................................227 References ................................................................................................................228 Chapter 9 Economics ................................·...............................................................................231 Vaughn Nelson 9.1 Solar Energy Is Free, but What Does It Cost? ...............................................231 9.2 Economic Feasibility .....................................................................................232 9.2.1 PV Costs ...........................................................................................232 9.3 Economic Factors ..........................................................................................233 9.4 Economic Analysis ........................................................................................233 9.4.1 Simple Payback ................................................................................234 9.4.2 Cost of Energy ..................................................................................235 9.5 Life Cycle Cost ..............................................................................................236 9.6 Present Value and Levelized Costs ................................................................238 x Contents 9.6.1 Steps to Determine the LCC ............................................................239 9.7 Annualized Cost of Energy ...........................................................................240 9.8 Externalities ...................................................................................................240 9.8.1 Externality Evaluation Methods .......................................................241 9.8.2 Societal Perspectives on Solar Energy Utilization ...........................241 9.9 Solar Irrigation Case Study ...........................................................................242 9.9.1 Estimating System Costs ..................................................................242 9.9.2 Table of Approximate Costs .............................................................242 9.9.3 Comparison of Pumping Alternatives ..............................................243 9.10 Water Pumping Example ...............................................................................245 9.11 Summary .......................................................................................................246 References ................................................................................................................248 Problems ...................................................................................................................248 Chapter 10 Institutional Issues ....................................................................................................249 10.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................249 10.2 Sustainability .................................................................................................249 10.3 Institutional Considerations ...........................................................................250 10.3.1 Policy Issues .....................................................................................250 10.3.2 Capacity Building .............................................................................250 10.3.3 Education and Training ....................................................................251 10.3.4 Technical Assistance ........................................................................251 10.3.5 Local Infrastructure Development ...................................................251 10.3.6 Involving the Community: Sustainability and Inclusion ..................252 10.4 Stakeholders ..................................................................................................252 10.4.1 Panels versus Fuel or Electric Bills ..................................................252 10.4.2 Community Reduction of Theft Risks .............................................253 10.4.3 PV and the Virtuous Circle ...........................................................254 10.5 Program Implementation ...............................................................................254 10.5.1 Conduct Strategic Planning ..............................................................254 10.5.2 Pilot Project Implementation ............................................................255 10.5.3 Create Sustainable Markets ..............................................................255 10.5.4 Grassroots Development Approach ..................................................255 10.5.5 Install Appropriate Hardware ..........................................................255 10.5-6 Monitoring ........................................................................................256 10.6 Institutional Models for Solar Energy Dissemination ...................................256 10.6.1 Cash Sales ........................................................................................257 10.6.2 Consumer Financing ........................................................................258 10.6.2.1 Revolving Credit Fund ......................................................259 10.6.2.2 Local Bank Credit ............................................................259 10.6.3 Leasing .............................................................................................259 10.6.3.1 Dealer Credit .....................................................................259 10.6.4 Subsidies ...........................................................................................260 10.7 Management and Ownership .........................................................................260 10.7.1 Authorization Arrangement .............................................................260 10.7.2 Contracts ...........................................................................................260 10.7.3 Leases ...............................................................................................260 10.7.4 Ownership Transfer (Flip Model) ....................................................261 10.7.5 Associations and Cooperatives .........................................................261 Contents xi 10.8 Tariffs and Payment .......................................................................................261 10.8.1 Free ...................................................................................................261 10.8.2 Nominal (Subsidized) .......................................................................261 10.8.3 Fee for Service ..................................................................................262 10.8.4 Payment ............................................................................................262 10.9 Other Critical Issues ......................................................................................262 10.10 Summary .......................................................................................................262 Problems ...................................................................................................................263 Chapter 11 Energy Storage .........................................................................................................265 11.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................265 11.2 Batteries in PV Systems ................................................................................265 11.2.1 Lead-Antimony Batteries .................................................................266 11.2.2 Lead-Calcium Batteries ...................................................................267 11.2.3 Captive Electrolyte Batteries ............................................................267 11.2.4 Nickel-Cadmium Batteries ...............................................................268 11.3 Lead-Acid Battery Construction ...................................................................268 11.3.1 Plate Grids ........................................................................................268 11.3.1.1 Positive and Negative Plates .............................................268 11.3.1.2 Separators .........................................................................269 11.3.1.3 Elements ............................................................................269 11.3.1.4 Cell Connectors ................................................................270 11.3.1.5 Containers .........................................................................270 11.3.1.6 Vent Plugs .........................................................................270 11.4 Lead-Acid Battery Operation ........................................................................270 11.4.1 Discharge Cycle ................................................................................271 11.4.2 Charge Cycle ....................................................................................272 11.4.3 Electrolyte and Specific Gravity ......................................................272 11.4.4 Water ................................................................................................273 11.4.5 Battery Roundtrip Efficiency ...........................................................273 11.5 Lead-Acid Battery Characteristics ................................................................273 11.5.1 Ampere-Hour Storage Capacity .......................................................273 11.5.2 Battery Cycle Life ............................................................................274 11.5.3 Battery Connections .........................................................................275 11.6 Battery Problem Areas ..................................................................................276 11.6.1 Overcharging ....................................................................................276 11.6.2 Undercharging ..................................................................................276 11.6.3 Short Circuits ....................................................................................276 11.6.4 Sulfation...........................................................................................277 11.6.5 Water Loss ........................................................................................277 11.6.6 Self-Discharge ..................................................................................278 11.7 Battery Maintenance .....................................................................................278 11.7.1 Hydrometer Description and Use .....................................................280 11.7.2 Temperature Correction ...................................................................280 11.7.3 Tropical Climates .............................................................................280 11.8 Battery Safety Precautions ............................................................................281 1 1.8.1 Battery Acid .....................................................................................283 11.8.2 Hydrogen Gas ...................................................................................283 11.8.3 Battery Enclosures ............................................................................284 xii Contents 11.9 Determination of Battery Failure ..................................................................284 1.9.1 Battery Applications and Installation ...............................................284 1.9.2 Battery Service History ....................................................................284 1.9.3 Visual Inspection ..............................................................................286 1.9.4 Battery Age ......................................................................................286 1.9.5 Overcharging and Undercharging ....................................................286 1.9.6 Internal Examination ........................................................................287 1.9.7 Container ..........................................................................................287 1.9.8 Electrolyte ........................................................................................287 11.10 Battery Selection Criteria ..............................................................................287 11.10.1 Battery Procurement Considerations ................................................288 11.10.1.1 Additional Battery Manufacturer Specifications ...........288 11.10.2 Additional Battery System Considerations ......................................289 11.10.2.1 Small-System Considerations ........................................289 11.10.2.2 Large-System Considerations ........................................289 11.11 Charge Controller Terminology ....................................................................289 1 1.12 Charge Controller Algorithms .......................................................................290 11.12.1 Shunt Controller ...............................................................................290 11.12.2 Series Controller ...............................................................................291 11.13 Charge Controller Selection Criteria .............................................................292 11.13.1 Charge Controller Procurement Specifications ................................292 11.13.1.2 Additional Charge Controller Manufacturer Specifications .................................................................292 References ................................................................................................................293 Problems ...................................................................................................................293 Solar Energy Glossary .................................................................................................................295 Batteries ....................................................................................................................295 Electricity .................................................................................................................298 Photovoltaics ............................................................................................................300 Solar Energy Concepts .............................................................................................302 Solar Water-Pumping ...............................................................................................303 Appendix A: World Insolation Data ..........................................................................................307 Appendix B: Friction Loss Factors ............................................................................................327 Appendix C: Present Value Factors ...........................................................................................331 Appendix D: Table of Approximate PV Pumping-System Costs ............................................335 Index .....................................................................................,. ............. .................................337 Environmental Engineering SOLAR ENERGY Renewable Energy and the Environment Drawing on the authors1 extensive research and project implementation around the globe, Solar Energy: Renewable Energy and the Environment covers solar energy resources, thermal and photovoltaic systems, and the economics involved in using solar energy. It provides background theory on solar energy as well as useful technical information for implementing solar energy applications. The book details the strengths, weaknesses, and applications of solar power generation technologies. It discusses the design and implementation of often overlooked solar technologies, such as solar water pumping, distillation, detoxification, refrigeration, and village power. The text also examines photovoltaic power and how it is best suited for remote-site applications with small to moderate power requirements. Examples, real-world case studies, and lessons learned from technical failures illustrate how to best implement solar energy projects. The time for clean energy solutions is here. Only through energy efficiency and renewable energy technologies can modern civilization extricate itself from the gathering perfect energy storm. Focusing on one of the keys to lessen the potentially harmful impacts of the storm, this book discusses how to increase energy production from a clean energy source—the sun. Features • Provides detailed knowledge for converting solar radiation into a suitable energy supply • Presents technical fundamentals to give a clear understanding of how solar energy can be captured for later use • Examines thermosolar collectors, photovoltaics modules, and other important types of solar receivers • Covers typical cost-effective applications, including water pumping, residential electrification, lighting, small-scale irrigation, refrigeration, and electric fences • Includes examples, case studies, and lessons learned that show how to implement solar energy projects CRC Press Taylor Su Francis Group an informa business WWW com 6000 Broken Sound Parkway, NW Sutte 300. Boca Raton, FL 33487 2 70 Viariiţon Avenue New York, NY 10016 2 Park Square, Milton Park Abnnqdon, Oxon OX 14 4RN. UK 47a-l-4SGG-75bb-3 90000
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discipline	Energietechnik, Energiewirtschaft Energietechnik
format	Book
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genre	(DE-588)4151278-9 Einführung gnd-content
genre_facet	Einführung
id	DE-604.BV035571953
illustrated	Illustrated
indexdate	2024-07-09T21:40:42Z
institution	BVB
isbn	9781420075663
language	English
lccn	2009014967
oai_aleph_id	oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-017627523
oclc_num	226357399
open_access_boolean
owner	DE-29T DE-83 DE-91S DE-BY-TUM DE-11 DE-703
owner_facet	DE-29T DE-83 DE-91S DE-BY-TUM DE-11 DE-703
physical	XXVII, 352 S. Ill., graph. Darst.
publishDate	2010
publishDateSearch	2010
publishDateSort	2010
publisher	CRC Press
record_format	marc
series2	Energy and the environment series
spelling	Foster, Robert 1962- Verfasser (DE-588)139916601 aut Solar energy renewable energy and the environment Robert Foster ; Majid Ghassemi ; Alma Cota Boca Raton, FL [u.a.] CRC Press 2010 XXVII, 352 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Energy and the environment series Umwelt Solar energy Renewable energy sources Environmental aspects Solarzelle (DE-588)4181740-0 gnd rswk-swf Energiespeicherung (DE-588)4014722-8 gnd rswk-swf Solarthermie (DE-588)7679053-8 gnd rswk-swf Sonnenstrahlung (DE-588)4139254-1 gnd rswk-swf Erneuerbare Energien (DE-588)4068598-6 gnd rswk-swf Sonnenenergie (DE-588)4055572-0 gnd rswk-swf Solartechnik (DE-588)4024299-7 gnd rswk-swf Energieumwandlung (DE-588)4014730-7 gnd rswk-swf Fotovoltaik (DE-588)4121476-6 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4151278-9 Einführung gnd-content Sonnenenergie (DE-588)4055572-0 s Erneuerbare Energien (DE-588)4068598-6 s Solartechnik (DE-588)4024299-7 s DE-604 Fotovoltaik (DE-588)4121476-6 s Solarzelle (DE-588)4181740-0 s Solarthermie (DE-588)7679053-8 s Sonnenstrahlung (DE-588)4139254-1 s Energieumwandlung (DE-588)4014730-7 s Energiespeicherung (DE-588)4014722-8 s Ghassemi, Majid Verfasser aut Cota, Alma Verfasser aut Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017627523&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017627523&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext
spellingShingle	Foster, Robert 1962- Ghassemi, Majid Cota, Alma Solar energy renewable energy and the environment Umwelt Solar energy Renewable energy sources Environmental aspects Solarzelle (DE-588)4181740-0 gnd Energiespeicherung (DE-588)4014722-8 gnd Solarthermie (DE-588)7679053-8 gnd Sonnenstrahlung (DE-588)4139254-1 gnd Erneuerbare Energien (DE-588)4068598-6 gnd Sonnenenergie (DE-588)4055572-0 gnd Solartechnik (DE-588)4024299-7 gnd Energieumwandlung (DE-588)4014730-7 gnd Fotovoltaik (DE-588)4121476-6 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)4181740-0 (DE-588)4014722-8 (DE-588)7679053-8 (DE-588)4139254-1 (DE-588)4068598-6 (DE-588)4055572-0 (DE-588)4024299-7 (DE-588)4014730-7 (DE-588)4121476-6 (DE-588)4151278-9
title	Solar energy renewable energy and the environment
title_auth	Solar energy renewable energy and the environment
title_exact_search	Solar energy renewable energy and the environment
title_full	Solar energy renewable energy and the environment Robert Foster ; Majid Ghassemi ; Alma Cota
title_fullStr	Solar energy renewable energy and the environment Robert Foster ; Majid Ghassemi ; Alma Cota
title_full_unstemmed	Solar energy renewable energy and the environment Robert Foster ; Majid Ghassemi ; Alma Cota
title_short	Solar energy
title_sort	solar energy renewable energy and the environment
title_sub	renewable energy and the environment
topic	Umwelt Solar energy Renewable energy sources Environmental aspects Solarzelle (DE-588)4181740-0 gnd Energiespeicherung (DE-588)4014722-8 gnd Solarthermie (DE-588)7679053-8 gnd Sonnenstrahlung (DE-588)4139254-1 gnd Erneuerbare Energien (DE-588)4068598-6 gnd Sonnenenergie (DE-588)4055572-0 gnd Solartechnik (DE-588)4024299-7 gnd Energieumwandlung (DE-588)4014730-7 gnd Fotovoltaik (DE-588)4121476-6 gnd
topic_facet	Umwelt Solar energy Renewable energy sources Environmental aspects Solarzelle Energiespeicherung Solarthermie Sonnenstrahlung Erneuerbare Energien Sonnenenergie Solartechnik Energieumwandlung Fotovoltaik Einführung
url	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017627523&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017627523&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
work_keys_str_mv	AT fosterrobert solarenergyrenewableenergyandtheenvironment AT ghassemimajid solarenergyrenewableenergyandtheenvironment AT cotaalma solarenergyrenewableenergyandtheenvironment

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