Coastal wetlands: an integrated ecosystem approach
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| Format: | Book |
|---|---|
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Amsterdam [u.a.]
Elsevier
2009
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| Edition: | 1. ed. |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Physical Description: | XXXI, 941 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. 1 CD-ROM (12 cm) |
| ISBN: | 9780444531032 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Coastal wetlands |b an integrated ecosystem approach |c ed. by Gerardo M. E. Perillo ... |
| 250 | |a 1. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Amsterdam [u.a.] |b Elsevier |c 2009 | |
| 300 | |a XXXI, 941 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |e 1 CD-ROM (12 cm) | ||
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| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references and index | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Estuarine restoration | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Coastal zone management | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Wetland ecology | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Coasts | |
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COASTAL WETLANDS AN INTEGRATED ECOSYSTEM APPROACH EDITED BY GERARDO M.
E. PERILLO ERIC WOLANSKI DONALD R. CAHOON MARK M. BRINSON ELSEVIER
AMSTERDAM * BOSTON * HEIDELBERG * LONDON * NEW YORK * OXFORD PARIS * SAN
DIEGO * SAN FRANCISCO * SINGAPORE * SYDNEY * TOKYO CONTENTS PREFACE XIX
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS XXI LIST OF REVIEWERS XXXI 1 COASTAL WETLANDS: A
SYNTHESIS 1 ERIC WOLANSKI, MARK M. BRINSON, DONALD R. CAHOON AND GERARDO
M.E. PERILLO 1 INTRODUCTION 1 2 A SYNTHESIS OF COASTAL WETLANDS SCIENCE
2 2.1 GEOGRAPHY 3 2.2 GEOMORPHOLOGY EVOLUTION UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE 4 2.3
THE INFLUENCE OF VEGETATION ON THE GEOMORPHOLOGY EVOLUTION WITH CLIMATE
CHANGE 6 2.4 THE STABILIZING ROLE OF VEGETATION 9 2.5 STATE CHANGE AND
COASTAL EVOLUTION 13 2.6 THE ROLE OF PHYSICAL DISTURBANCES 14 2.7 THE
ROLE OF HERBIVORES 18 2.8 OBSERVATIONS ACROSS ECOSYSTEM TYPES . 21 2.9
THE HUMAN IMPACT 28 2.10 MODELING AND PREDICTIONS 31 2.11 COASTAL
WETLAND ECOSYSTEMS AS A COMPONENT OF ESTUARIES 32 2.12 COASTAL WETLAND
SOCIOECONOMICS 34 2.13 COASTAL WETLANDS ARE ESSENTIAL FOR OUR QUALITY OF
LIFE 38 3 LESSONS FROM THE CHAPTERS IN THIS BOOK 43 3.1 COASTAL WETLANDS
AS ECOSYSTEMS 44 3.2 PHYSICAL PROCESSES ' 45 3.3 TIDAL FLATS 47 3.4
MARSHES AND SEAGRASSES 48 3.5 MANGROVES 51 3.6 COASTAL WETLAND
RESTORATION AND MANAGEMENT 53 3.7 COASTAL WETLAND SUSTAINABILITY AND
LANDSCAPE DYNAMICS 56 REFERENCES 57 PART I COASTAL WETLANDS AS
ECOSYSTEMS 63 2 THE MORPHOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT OF TROPICAL COASTAL
WETLANDS 65 COLIN D. WOODROFFE AND GARETH DAVIES 1 INTRODUCTION 65 2
MANGROVE AND ASSOCIATED WETLANDS 66 VI CONTENTS 3 SEDIMENTATION AND THE
DEVELOPMENT OF WETLANDS 69 4 SEA-LEVEL CONTROLS ON WETLAND DEVELOPMENT
71 5 SEA-LEVEL CHANGE AND THE DIVERSIFICATION OF WEST INDIAN MANGROVES
74 6 SEA-LEVEL CHANGE AND THE EVOLUTION OF MANGROVE HABITATS IN THE IWP
76 7 IMPACT OF FUTURE CLIMATE AND SEA-LEVEL CHANGE 80 8 SUMMARY AND
CONCLUDING REMARKS 82 REFERENCES 83 3 TEMPERATE COASTAL WETLANDS:
MORPHOLOGY, SEDIMENT PROCESSES, AND PLANT COMMUNITIES 89 PAULA D.
PRATOLONGO, JASON R. KIRBY, ANDREW PLATER AND MARK M. BRINSON 1
INTRODUCTION 89 2 FACTORS CONTROLLING SEDIMENT DYNAMICS 91 2.1 THE
"RAMP" MODEL OF SALT MARSH ACCRETION 92 2.2 THE "CREEK" MODEL OF SALT
MARSH ACCRETION 93 2.3 STORMS AND SALT MARSH EROSION 94 3 FACTORS
CONTROLLING PATTERNS OF VEGETATION 95 3.1 ZONATION OF VEGETATION 95 3.2
ECOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT 96 4 GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION 97 4.1 NORTHERN EUROPE
97 4.2 EASTERN NORTH AMERICA 98 4.3 WESTERN NORTH AMERICA 103 4.4
MEDITERRANEAN ' 104 4.5 EASTERN ASIA 104 4.6 AUSTRALASIA 105 4.7 SOUTH
AMERICA 107 5 HUMAN IMPACT AND CLIMATE CHANGE 108 5.1 HUMAN IMPACT 108
5.2 CLIMATE AND SEA-LEVEL CHANGE 110 6 SUMMARY 111 REFERENCES 112 4
POLAR COASTAL WETLANDS: DEVELOPMENT, STRUCTURE, AND LAND USE 119 I.
PETER MARTINI, ROBERT L. JEFFERIES, R. I. GUY MORRISON AND KENNETH F.
ABRAHAM 1 INTRODUCTION 119 2 GEOLOGY/GEOMORPHOLOGY 121 3 OCEANOGRAPHY
124 4 CLIMATE 125 5 STRUCTURE OF COASTAL WETLANDS 127 6 VEGETATION OF
POLAR COASTAL WETLANDS 133 7 FAUNA OF POLAR COASTAL WETLANDS 136 7.1
INVERTEBRATE FAUNA 137 7.2 VERTEBRATE FAUNA USING COASTAL WETLANDS . 140
CONTENTS VII 8 ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS 147 9 CONCLUSIONS AND RESEARCH
PRIORITIES 148 REFERENCES 149 PART II PHYSICAL PROCESSES 157 5
INTERTIDAL ECO-GEOMORPHOLOGICAL DYNAMICS AND HYDRODYNAMIC CIRCULATION
159 ANDREA D'ALPAOS, STEFANO LANZONI, ANDREA RINALDO AND MARCO MA RANI 1
INTRODUCTION 159 2 INTERTIDAL ECO-GEOMORPHOLOGICAL EVOLUTION 163 2.1
POISSON HYDRODYNAMIC MODEL 164 2.2 MODEL OF CHANNEL NETWORK EARLY
DEVELOPMENT 165 2.3 MODEL OF MARSH PLATFORM EVOLUTION 168 3 RESULTS 171
4 DISCUSSION 177 5 CONCLUSIONS 178 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 179 REFERENCES 179
TIDAL COURSES: CLASSIFICATION, ORIGIN, AND FUNCTIONALITY 185 GERARDO
M.E. PERILLO 1 INTRODUCTION 185 2 PROPOSED TIDAL COURSE CLASSIFICATION
187 3 GEOMORPHOLOGY OF TIDAL COURSES 189 4 COURSE NETWORKS AND DRAINAGE
SYSTEMS 196 5 ORIGIN OF TIDAL COURSES 198 6 COURSE EVOLUTION 203 7
SUMMARY 206 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 206 REFERENCES 206 7 HEAT ENERGY BALANCE IN
COASTAL WETLANDS 211 MARIA CINTIA PICCOLO 1 INTRODUCTION 211 2
MID-LATITUDES 215 3 LOW LATITUDES 220 4 HIGH LATITUDES 222 5 SUMMARY 225
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 226 REFERENCES 226 VIII CONTENTS 8 HYDRODYNAMICS AND
MODELING OF WATER FLOW IN MANGROVE AREAS 231 YOSHIHIRO MAZDA AND ERIC
WOLANSKI 1 INTRODUCTION 231 1.1 PECULIAR HYDRODYNAMICS IN MANGROVE AREA
233 1.2 MATERIAL DISPERSION 233 1.3 HOLISTIC SYSTEM 233 2 PHYSICAL
CHARACTERISTICS OF MANGROVE TOPOGRAPHY AND VEGETATION 233 2.1
CLASSIFICATION OF MANGROVE TOPOGRAPHY 234 2.2 BOTTOM CONDITION OF
MANGROVE SWAMPS 236 2.3 INFLUENCE OF THE VEGETATION ON THE HYDRODYNAMICS
236 3 PECULIAR HYDRODYNAMICS IN MANGROVE AREAS 240 3.1 GENERAL EQUATIONS
THAT CONTROL WATER FLOW 240 3.2 TIMESCALES OF FLOW SYSTEM 241 4 MODELING
245 4.1 HYDRAULIC MODEL 245 4.2 MATERIAL DISPERSION MODEL 251 4.3
ECOSYSTEM MODEL AS THE HOLISTIC SYSTEM 255 5 SUMMARY 257 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
258 REFERENCES 258 9 MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF TIDAL FLOW OVER SALT
MARSHES AND TIDAL FLATS WITH APPLICATIONS TO THE VENICE LAGOON 263 LUIGI
D'ALPAOS, LUCA CARNIELLO AND ANDREA DEFINA 1 INTRODUCTION 263 2 WETTING
AND DRYING, AND THE DYNAMICS OF VERY SHALLOW FLOWS 265 3 WIND AND WIND
WAVES 272 4 SALT MARSH VEGETATION 279 5 SALT MARSHES AND TIDAL FLATS
MORPHODYNAMICS 281 6 CONCLUSIONS 285 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 286 REFERENCES 286
PART III TIDAL FLATS 293 10 GEOMORPHOLOGY AND SEDIMENTOLOGY OF TIDAL
FLATS 295 SHU GAO 1 INTRODUCTION 295 2 BASIC CONDITIONS FOR THE
FORMATION OF TIDAL FLATS 297 3 ZONATION IN SEDIMENTATION AND FLAT
SURFACE MORPHOLOGY 298 3.1 VERTICAL SEDIMENT SEQUENCES 298 3.2 SEDIMENT
AND MORPHOLOGY ON INTERTIDAL MUD FLATS 300 3.3 SEDIMENT AND MORPHOLOGY
ON MIXED SAND-MUD FLATS 303 3.4 SEDIMENT AND MORPHOLOGY ON SAND FLATS
305 CONTENTS 4 FACTORS AND PROCESSES 305 4.1 INFLUENCES OF QUANTITY AND
COMPOSITION OF SEDIMENT SUPPLY 305 4.2 SEDIMENTATION DURING TIDAL CYCLES
308 4.3 LONG-TERM ACCRETION-EROSION CYCLES 310 4.4 TIDAL CREEK SYSTEMS
311 5 SUMMARY 311 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 312 REFERENCES 312 11 INTERTIDAL
FLATS: ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONING OF SOFT SEDIMENT SYSTEMS 317 DAVID M.
PATERSON, REBECCA J. ASPDEN AND KEVIN S. BLACK 1 INTRODUCTION 317 2 THE
DEPOSITIONAL HABITAT 319 2.1 THE PHYSICAL BACKGROUND TO LIFE IN
DEPOSITIONAL HABITATS 321 2.2 THE FUNCTIONAL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MUD AND
SAND SYSTEMS 324 3 THE FUNCTIONAL ROLE OF BIOTA 328 3.1 PATTERNS OF LIFE
328 3.2 EFFECTS OF SEDIMENT DISTURBANCE 331 3.3 BIODIVERSITY IMPACTS 333
3.4 DISTRIBUTION IN SPACE AND TIME 334 3.5 TROPHIC STRUCTURE 335 3.6 NEW
FUNCTIONAL GROUPS? 336 4 FUTURE SHOCK: CLIMATE CHANGE AND ECOSYSTEM
FUNCTION ' 337 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 338 REFERENCES 338 12 BIOGEOCHEMICAL
DYNAMICS OF COASTAL TIDAL FLATS 345 SAMANTHA B. JOYE, DIRK DE BEER AND
PERRAN L.M. COOK 1 INTRODUCTION 2 TRANSPORT PROCESSES ON INTERTIDAL
FLATS 3 MICROBIAL PROCESSES 3.1 ORGANIC MATTER SOURCES 4 NITROGEN CYCLE
4.1 NITROGEN FIXATION 4.2 NITRIFICATION AND NITRATE REDUCTION 4.3
EXCHANGE OF DISSOLVED NITROGEN BETWEEN THE SEDIMENT AND THE WATER COLUMN
4.4 BENTHIC MICROALGAL N ASSIMILATION 5 PHOSPHORUS CYCLE 6 SILICON CYCLE
7 CONCLUDING REMARKS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES 345 347 350 351 352 352
354 357 358 359 362 364 365 365 CONTENTS PART IV MARSHES AND SEAGRASSES
375 13 PRODUCTIVITY AND BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLING IN SEAGRASS ECOSYSTEMS
377 MARIANNE HOLMER 1 INTRODUCTION 377 1.1 PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY 378 1.2
FATE OF PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY - EXPORT AND BURIAL 380 2 SEDIMENT
BIOGEOCHEMISTRY - MODIFIED BY SEAGRASSES 383 2.1 MICROSCALE EFFECTS 391
2.2 NUTRIENT CYCLING - IMPORTANCE OF ROOT UPTAKE 392 3 HUMAN PRESSURES
AND EFFECTS ON BIOGEOCHEMISTRY 393 4 FUTURE PERSPECTIVES AND CONCLUSIONS
395 ACKNOWLEDGMENT 396 REFERENCES 396 14 TIDAL SALT MARSHES:
GEOMORPHOLOGY AND SEDIMENTOLOGY 403 IOHN R.L ALLEN 1 INTRODUCTION 403 2
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION 405 3 WHY SALT MARSHES EXIST? 405 4
GEOMORPHOLOGY 406 4.1 MARSH EVOLUTION VERSUS INHERITANCE 406 4.2 MARSH
EDGES AND COASTAL CHANGE 406 4.3 MARSH TERRACES * 407 4.4 CHANNELS,
CREEKS, AND GULLIES 407 4.5 CREEK NETWORKS 408 5 MORPHODYNAMICS 409 5.1
TIDAL REGIME 409 5.2 SEDIMENT SOURCES AND SUPPLY 409 5.3 CHANNELIZED
FLOWS 409 5.4 PLATFORM FLOWS 410 5.5 ACCRETION, COMPACTION, AND SEA
LEVEL CHANGE 410 6 SEDIMENTOLOGY 412 6.1 GRAIN SIZE 412 6.2 TIDAL
BEDDING 413 6.3 LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC ARCHITECTURE 416 7 CONCLUDING
DISCUSSION 417 REFERENCES 417 15 ECOSYSTEM STRUCTURE OF TIDAL SALINE
MARSHES 425 LENNEKE M. VISSER AND DONALD M. BALTZ 1 INTRODUCTION 425 2
SALINE MARSH COMMUNITIES 426 2.1 EMERGENT VEGETATION 426 2.2 BENTHIC
ALGAE 428 2-3 2.4 2-5 2.6 NEKTON REPTILES BIRDS MAMMALS 3 INTERACTION
AMONG COMMUNITIES 3-I 3.2 3-3 3-4 EFFECTS OF ANIMALS ON EMERGENT
VEGETATION DISTRIBUTION EMERGENT VEGETATION AS ANIMAL HABITAT NURSERY
FUNCTION SALINE MARSH FOOD WEBS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES CONTENTS XI
428 429 430 430 430 430 431 432 433 438 438 16 SALT MARSH
BIOGEOCHEMISTRY - AN OVERVIEW 445 CRAIG TOBIAS AND SCOTT C. NEUBAUER 1
INTRODUCTION 445 2 CARBON 446 2.1 EXCHANGES 446 2.2 INTERNAL CYCLING 449
2.3 BURIAL 455 3 NITROGEN 455 3.1 EXCHANGES 455 3.2 INTERNAL CYCLING 462
3.3 BURIAL . 464 4 IRON AND SULFUR 465 4.1 EXCHANGES 465 4.2 INTERNAL
CYCLING 468 4.3 BURIAL 471 5 PHOSPHORUS 471 5.1 EXCHANGES 472 5.2
INTERNAL CYCLING 475 5.3 BURIAL 477 6 MARSHES IN TRANSITION AND
DIRECTIONS FOR FUTURE WORK 477 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 478 REFERENCES 479 17 THE
ROLE OF FRESHWATER FLOWS ON SALT MARSH GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT 493
LAURENCE A. BOORMAN 1 INTRODUCTION 493 2 FRESHWATER ROUTES IN SALT
MARSHES 494 2.1 STREAM FLOW 495 2.2 GROUNDWATER FLOW 497 2.3 RAINFALL
499 2.4 SURFACE FLOW 500 XII CONTENTS 3 ASSOCIATED PROCESSES 500 3.1
NUTRIENT TRANSPORT 500 3.2 SEDIMENT TRANSPORT 502 3.3 ORGANIC MATTER
TRANSPORT 504 3.4 POLLUTANTS 504 3.5 SALINITY CHANGES 505 4 HYDROLOGICAL
IMPACTS IN SALT MARSHES 507 5 TECHNIQUES FOR THE STUDY OF MARSH
HYDROLOGY 508 6 IMPLICATIONS OF FRESHWATER FLOWS FOR SALT MARSH
MANAGEMENT 509 7 IMPLICATIONS OF FRESHWATER FLOWS FOR SALT MARSH
CREATION 509 8 THE ECOHYDROLOGICAL APPROACH IN SALT MARSH STUDIES 511 9
THE WAY AHEAD - PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES 512 REFERENCES 512 18 TIDAL
FRESHWATER WETLANDS 515 DENNIS F. WHIGHAM, ANDREW H. BALDWIN AND AAT
BARENDREGT 1 INTRODUCTION 515 2 HYDROGEOMORPHIC SETTING 516 3
BIODIVERSITY 519 3.1 PLANTS 519 3.2 ANIMALS 523 4 PRIMARY PRODUCTION AND
NUTRIENT CYCLING 527 5 THREATS AND FUTURE PROSPECTUS 528 REFERENCES ,
530 19 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY OF TIDAL FRESHWATER WETLANDS 535 J. PATRICK
MEGONIGAL AND SCOTT C. NEUBAUER 1 INTRODUCTION 535 2 CARBON
BIOGEOCHEMISTRY 536 2.1 CARBON INPUTS 536 2.2 CARBON OUTPUTS 538 3
PROCESSES GOVERNING ORGANIC CARBON METABOLISM 542 3.1 ANAEROBIC
RESPIRATION 543 3.2 PROCESSES REGULATING METHANE PRODUCTION, OXIDATION,
AND EMISSION 545 4 NITROGEN BIOGEOCHEMISTRY 546 4.1 NITROGEN EXCHANGES
548 4.2 NITROGEN TRANSFORMATIONS 550 4.3 NUTRIENT REGULATION OF PLANT
PRODUCTION 551 5 PHOSPHORUS BIOGEOCHEMISTRY 552 6 SILICON
BIOGEOCHEMISTRY 554 7 BIOGEOCHEMICAL EFFECTS OF SEA-LEVEL RISE 554 8
CONCLUDING COMMENTS 555 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 556 REFERENCES 556 CONTENTS XIII
PART V MANGROVES 563 20 GEOMORPHOLOGY AND SEDIMENTOLOGY OF MANGROVES 565
JOANNA C. ELLISON 1 INTRODUCTION 565 2 MANGROVE ENVIRONMENTAL SETTINGS
566 2.1 TERRIGENOUS SETTINGS 566 2.2 ISLANDS 570 2.3 INLAND MANGROVES
570 3 TIDAL RANGE AND SEA-LEVEL CONTROL 572 4 SEDIMENTATION IN MANGROVES
573 4.1 EXCESSIVE SEDIMENTATION 575 5 MANGROVES AS SEA-LEVEL INDICATORS
577 6 STORMS/TSUNAMIS 582 7 INUNDATION CHANGES AFFECTING MANGROVES 583 8
CONCLUSIONS 585 ACKNOWLEDGMENT 585 REFERENCES 585 21 GEOMORPHOLOGY AND
SEDIMENTOLOGY OF MANGROVES AND SALT MARSHES: THE FORMATION OF
GEOBOTANICAL UNITS 593 RUBEN J. LARA, CLAUDIO F. SZLAFSZTEIN, MARCELO
C.L. COHEN, JULIAN OXMANN, BETTINA B. SCHMITT AND PEDRO W.M. SOUZA FILHO
1 DRIVING FORCES DETERMINING MAIN MORPHOLOGY AND VEGETATION TYPES IN THE
COASTAL ZONE 593 2 DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT AND SUBSTRATE FORMATION FOR
THE DEVELOPMENT OF MANGROVES AND SALT MARSHES 595 3 INFLUENCE OF SEA
LEVEL AND CLIMATE OSCILLATIONS ON LOCAL GEOBOTANICAL FEATURES 597 4
MAJOR FACTORS LEADING TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF SALT MARSHES AND MANGROVES
AT THE AMAZON COASTAL REGION: AN INTEGRATED ANALYSIS 599 5 INFLUENCE OF
GEOMORPHOLOGY AND INUNDATION REGIME OF GEOBOTANICAL UNITS ON THEIR
SEDIMENT BIOGEOCHEMISTRY 600 5.1 REGULARLY INUNDATED WETLANDS 601 5.2
RARELY INUNDATED WETLANDS 604 5.3 WATERLOGGED WETLANDS 606 5.4 SALT
MARSHES AND MANGROVES: NUTRIENT SOURCES OR SINKS? 607 REFERENCES "*' 608
22 PARADIGM SHIFTS IN MANGROVE BIOLOGY 615 DANIEL M. ALONGI 1
INTRODUCTION 615 2 SHIFTS IN ESTABLISHED PARADIGMS 616 2.1 RATES OF
MANGROVE NET PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY RIVAL THOSE OF OTHER TROPICAL FORESTS
616 XIV CONTENTS 2.2 MANGROVE FORESTS APPEAR TO BE ARCHITECTURALLY
SIMPLE, BUT FACTORS REGULATING SUCCESSION AND ZONATION ARE COMPLEX 622
2.3 MANGROVE TREE GROWTH IS NOT CONSTANT BUT RELATED TO CLIMATE PATTERNS
624 2.4 TREE DIVERSITY IS LOW, BUT FAUNAL AND MICROBIAL DIVERSITY CAN BE
HIGH 624 2.5 ARBOREAL COMMUNITIES ARE IMPORTANT IN FOOD WEBS, EXHIBITING
PREDATORY, SYMBIOTIC, AND MUTUALISTIC RELATIONS 626 2.6
PLANT-MICROBE-SOIL RELATIONS ARE TIGHTLY LINKED AND HELP CONSERVE SCARCE
NUTRIENTS 627 2.7 CRABS ARE KEYSTONE SPECIES INFLUENCING FUNCTION AND
STRUCTURE IN MANY, BUT NOT ALL, MANGROVE FORESTS 628 2.8 ALGAE, NOT JUST
DETRITUS, ARE A SIGNIFICANT FOOD RESOURCE 630 2.9 MANGROVES ARE AN
IMPORTANT LINK TO FISHERIES 631 2.10 MANGROVES ARE CHEMICALLY DIVERSE
AND A GOOD SOURCE OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 632 3 CONCLUSIONS 633 REFERENCES
634 23 ECOGEOMORPHIC MODELS OF NUTRIENT BIOGEOCHEMISTRY FOR MANGROVE
WETLANDS 641 ROBERT R. TWILLEY AND VICTOR H. RIVERA-MONROY 1
INTRODUCTION 641 2 ECOGEOMORPHOLOGY OF MANGROVES (MODEL 1) 648 3 A
MULTIGRADIENT MODEL (MODEL 2) , 649 4 GEOCHEMICAL MODEL (MODEL 3) 653
4.1 REDOX ZONES IN MANGROVE SOILS 653 4.2 TRANSITION FROM REDUCED TO
OXIDIZED ZONES 654 4.3 HYDROPERIOD EFFECTS ON TRANSITION ZONES 655 4.4
LOWER OXIDATION ZONE 656 4.5 LINKAGES IN MULTIGRADIENT AND GEOCHEMICAL
MODELS 657 5 SOIL BIOGEOCHEMISTRY MODEL (NUMAN, MODEL 4) 659 6 MASS
BALANCE EXCHANGE (MODEL 5) 662 6.1 C0 2 EFFLUX FROM MANGROVE SEDIMENTS
AND TIDAL WATERS 662 6.2 THE BALANCE OF N FIXATION AND DENITRIFICATION
663 6.3 TIDAL EXCHANGE 671 7 CONTRASTING COASTAL SETTINGS AND
BIOGEOCHEMICAL MODELS 672 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 675 REFERENCES 675 PART VI
COASTAL WETLAND RESTORATION AND MANAGEMENT 685 24 SEAGRASS RESTORATION
687 ERIC I. PALING, MARK FONSECA, MARIEKE M. VAN KATWIJK AND MIKE VAN
KEULEN 1 INTRODUCTION 687 2 REGIONAL ACTIVITIES 689 CONTENTS XV 2.1
EUROPE 689 2.2 AUSTRALIA 693 2.3 OCEANIA 695 2.4 SOUTHEAST ASIA 696 2.5
CHINA AND JAPAN 697 2.6 NEW ZEALAND AND THE PACIFIC ISLANDS 698 2.7
UNITED STATES 699 3 POLICY ISSUES RELEVANT TO MITIGATION 701 3.1 COSTS
OF RESTORATION 702 3.2 VALUATION OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES 703 4 CONCLUSIONS
704 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 704 REFERENCES 705 25 TIDAL MARSH CREATION 715
STEPHEN W. BROOME AND CHRISTOPHER B. CRAFT 715 716 717 717 718 7^9 720
723 723 730 733 733 737 737 738 740 744 745 745 746 749 750 751 754 755
756 756 1 2 3 4 INTRODUCTION PRINCIPLES AND TECHNIQUES OF TIDAL MARSH
CREATION 2.1 SITE SELECTION 2.2 CONCEPTUAL DESIGN 2.3 HYDROLOGY 2.4 SOIL
2.5 ESTABLISHING VEGETATION EVALUATING FUNCTIONAL EQUIVALENCE OF CREATED
TIDAL MARSHES 3.1 BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTIVITY AND FOOD WEBS 3.2
BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES SUMMARY REFERENCES 26 SALT MARSH RESTORATION PAUL
ADAM 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 INTRODUCTION SETTING OBJECTIVES PLANNING FOR THE
FUTURE ADDRESSING CAUSES AND NOT SYMPTOMS MANAGING DISTURBANCE 5.1
RESTORING HYDROLOGY 5.2 MANAGING WEEDS 5.3 INTRODUCED FAUNA 5.4 GRAZING
5.5 POLLUTION CONFLICTING PRIORITIES DISCUSSION CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES
XVI CONTENTS 27 MANAGED REALIGNMENT: RE-CREATING INTERTIDAL HABITATS ON
FORMERLY RECLAIMED LAND 763 ANGUS GARBUTT AND LAURENCE A. BOORMAN 1
INTRODUCTION 763 2 LOCATION, DRIVERS, AND CONSTRAINTS TO MANAGED
REALIGNMENT 765 3 SITE EVOLUTION 768 3.1 SEDIMENTS 768 3.2 CREEKS 769
3.3 SOILS 771 3.4 NUTRIENT FLUXES 772 3.5 VEGETATION 773 3.6 FISHES 776
3.7 SPIDERS 777 3.8 BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES 778 3.9 BIRDS 779 4 CHALLENGES
IN MANAGED REALIGNMENT RESEARCH 780 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 781 REFERENCES 781
28 METHODS AND CRITERIA FOR SUCCESSFUL MANGROVE FOREST RESTORATION 787
ROY R. LEWIS III 1 INTRODUCTION 787 2 GENERAL SITE SELECTION FOR
RESTORATION 788 3 SPECIFIC SITE SELECTION FOR RESTORATION 789 4
ESTABLISHING SUCCESS CRITERIA 792 5 MONITORING AND REPORTING SUCCESS 793
6 FUNCTIONALITY OF RESTORED MANGROVE FORESTS 794 7 SUMMARY 796
REFERENCES 798 29 EVALUATION OF RESTORED TIDAL FRESHWATER WETLANDS 801
ANDREW H. BALDWIN, RICHARD S. HAMMERSCHLAG AND DONALD R. CAHOON 1
INTRODUCTION 801 2 CHARACTERISTICS OF RESTORED TFW 802 3 SUCCESS
EVALUATION OF RESTORED WETLANDS 805 4 ECOSYSTEM ATTRIBUTES MEASURED AT
RESTORED TFW 806 5 CRITERIA FOR SUCCESSFUL RESTORATION OF TFW 808 5.1
HYDROLOGIC CRITERIA 813 5.2 GEOMORPHOLOGICAL CRITERIA 813 5.3 SOIL
CRITERIA 814 5.4 SALINITY CRITERIA 815 5.5 VEGETATION CRITERIA 815
CONTENTS XVII 5.6 SEED BANK CRITERIA 816 5.7 BENTHIC INVERTEBRATE
CRITERIA 817 5.8 FISH AND WILDLIFE CRITERIA 817 6 CASE STUDY: EVALUATION
OF RESTORED TFW OF THE ANACOSTIA RIVER, WASHINGTON, DC, USA 817 6.1
CHARACTERISTICS OF RESTORED AND REFERENCE SITES 818 6.2 EVALUATION OF
SUCCESS OF RESTORED TFW 819 7 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 826 7.1
RESTORATION OF TFW IN URBAN LANDSCAPES AND SELECTION OF URBAN REFERENCE
SITES 826 7.2 ESTABLISHMENT OF VEGETATION 826 7.3 CONTROL OF NONNATIVE
SPECIES 827 7.4 IMPLICATIONS FOR RESTORATION OF TFW 827 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
828 REFERENCES 828 PART VII COASTAL WETLAND SUSTAINABILITY AND LANDSCAPE
DYNAMICS 833 30 SURFACE ELEVATION MODELS 835 JOHN M. RYBCZYK AND JOHN C.
CALLAWAY 1 INTRODUCTION 835 2 MEASURING PROCESSES THAT AFFECT WETLAND
ELEVATION 838 3 TYPES OF MODELS 839 3.1 ZERO-DIMENSIONAL MINERAL
SEDIMENT MODELS * 840 3.2 ZERO-DIMENSIONAL ORGANIC SEDIMENT PROCESS
MODELS 842 3.3 GEOMORPHIC MODELS 846 4 FUTURE DIRECTIONS FOR MODEL
IMPROVEMENT 847 4.1 DATA GAPS 848 4.2 INTEGRATING MODELS 849 4.3
IMPROVED LINKAGE BETWEEN SEDIMENT MODELS AND VEGETATION 849 4.4
SPATIALIZATION 850 5 CONCLUSIONS 850 REFERENCES 850 31 SALT
MARSH-MANGROVE INTERACTIONS IN AUSTRALASIA AND THE AMERICAS 855 NEIL
SAINTILAN, KERRYLEE ROGERS AND KAREN MCKEE 1 INTRODUCTION 855 2
DISTRIBUTION/GEOMORPHIC SETTINGS - WHERE DO MANGROVE AND SALT MARSH
COEXIST? 856 2.1 MANGROVE DISTRIBUTION 856 2.2 SALT MARSH DISTRIBUTION
858 2.3 COEXISTING MANGROVE AND SALT MARSH 859 3 LONG-TERM DYNAMICS 862
XVIII CONTENTS 3.1 TROPICAL NORTHERN AUSTRALIA 862 3.2 SOUTHEASTERN
AUSTRALIA 863 3.3 WESTERN ATLANTIC-CARIBBEAN REGION 865 4 RECENT
INTERACTIONS 866 4.1 AIR PHOTOGRAPHIC EVIDENCE OF MANGROVE-SALT MARSH
DYNAMICS IN SE AUSTRALIA 866 4.2 SALTWATER INTRUSION IN NORTHERN
AUSTRALIA 867 4.3 WESTERN ATLANTIC-GULF OF MEXICO 867 5 STRESSORS
CONTROLLING DELIMITATION OF MANGROVE 869 5.1 GEOMORPHIC AND HYDROLOGICAL
CONTROLS 870 5.2 CLIMATIC CONTROLS 873 5.3 PHYSICOCHEMICAL FACTORS 874
5.4 BIOTIC INTERACTIONS 874 6 CONCLUSIONS 875 REFERENCES 876 32 WETLAND
LANDSCAPE SPATIAL MODELS 885 ENRIQUE REYES 1 INTRODUCTION 885 2 PHYSICAL
MODELS 887 3 HYDRAULIC MODELING 887 4 HYDRODYNAMIC MODELING 889 4.1
FINITE DIFFERENCE SOLUTIONS 892 4.2 FINITE ELEMENT SOLUTIONS 893 4.3
FINITE VOLUME SOLUTIONS 894 5 ECOLOGICAL MODELS 895 6 INDIVIDUAL-BASED
MODELING 895 7 ECO-GEOMORPHOLOGICAL MODELING 896 8 ECOSYSTEM-LEVEL
MODELING 897 9 DESKTOP DYNAMIC MODELING 900 10 CONCLUSIONS 900
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 902 REFERENCES 902 SUBJECT INDEX 909 GEOGRAPHIC INDEX
927 TAXONOMIC INDEX 933 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
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| bvnumber | BV035546127 |
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| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)265092386 (DE-599)BVBBV035546127 |
| dewey-full | 577.69 |
| dewey-hundreds | 500 - Natural sciences and mathematics |
| dewey-ones | 577 - Ecology |
| dewey-raw | 577.69 |
| dewey-search | 577.69 |
| dewey-sort | 3577.69 |
| dewey-tens | 570 - Biology |
| discipline | Biologie Geographie |
| edition | 1. ed. |
| format | Book |
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| genre_facet | Aufsatzsammlung |
| id | DE-604.BV035546127 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-10-28T09:01:22Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780444531032 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2008046508 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-017602105 |
| oclc_num | 265092386 |
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| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-29 DE-11 |
| physical | XXXI, 941 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. 1 CD-ROM (12 cm) |
| publishDate | 2009 |
| publishDateSearch | 2009 |
| publishDateSort | 2009 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Coastal wetlands an integrated ecosystem approach ed. by Gerardo M. E. Perillo ... 1. ed. Amsterdam [u.a.] Elsevier 2009 XXXI, 941 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. 1 CD-ROM (12 cm) txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references and index Estuarine restoration Coastal zone management Wetland ecology Coasts Ökosystem (DE-588)4043216-6 gnd rswk-swf Feuchtgebiet (DE-588)4016960-1 gnd rswk-swf Küste (DE-588)4033469-7 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Küste (DE-588)4033469-7 s Feuchtgebiet (DE-588)4016960-1 s Ökosystem (DE-588)4043216-6 s DE-604 Perillo, Gerardo M. E. 1951- Sonstige (DE-588)121339092 oth HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017602105&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Coastal wetlands an integrated ecosystem approach Estuarine restoration Coastal zone management Wetland ecology Coasts Ökosystem (DE-588)4043216-6 gnd Feuchtgebiet (DE-588)4016960-1 gnd Küste (DE-588)4033469-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4043216-6 (DE-588)4016960-1 (DE-588)4033469-7 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Coastal wetlands an integrated ecosystem approach |
| title_auth | Coastal wetlands an integrated ecosystem approach |
| title_exact_search | Coastal wetlands an integrated ecosystem approach |
| title_full | Coastal wetlands an integrated ecosystem approach ed. by Gerardo M. E. Perillo ... |
| title_fullStr | Coastal wetlands an integrated ecosystem approach ed. by Gerardo M. E. Perillo ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Coastal wetlands an integrated ecosystem approach ed. by Gerardo M. E. Perillo ... |
| title_short | Coastal wetlands |
| title_sort | coastal wetlands an integrated ecosystem approach |
| title_sub | an integrated ecosystem approach |
| topic | Estuarine restoration Coastal zone management Wetland ecology Coasts Ökosystem (DE-588)4043216-6 gnd Feuchtgebiet (DE-588)4016960-1 gnd Küste (DE-588)4033469-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Estuarine restoration Coastal zone management Wetland ecology Coasts Ökosystem Feuchtgebiet Küste Aufsatzsammlung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017602105&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT perillogerardome coastalwetlandsanintegratedecosystemapproach |