Regiony - časoprostorové průsečíky?:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | Czech |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Praha
Historický Ústav
2008
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Práce Historického Ústavu AV ČR
Řada C, Miscellanea ; 21 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung u.d.T.: Regions - spatiotemporal points of intersection? |
| Beschreibung: | 289 S. zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9788072861293 |
Internformat
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| 490 | 1 | |a Práce Historického Ústavu AV ČR : Řada C, Miscellanea |v 21 | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804139112487190528 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Regiony
-
časoprostorové průsečíky?
OBSAH
Regiony
—
časoprostorové průsečíky?
/
Regions
-
spatiotemporal points
of
intersection?
...........................................................................................................5
Eva Semotanová
К
problematice regionů
-
časoprostorových průsečíků
/
About the issue of
regions
-
spatiotemporal
points of intersection
.........................................................7
Eva
Chodějovská
„Mapa oblasti
-
nový pojem v české historické kartografii
/
A map of an
area
-
a new term in the Czech historical cartography
..........................................26
Jiří Kupka
Regionální rozdíly
-
důležitý znak kulturně historické charakteristiky krajin¬
ného rázu
/
Regional differences
-
an important indicator of the cultural-
historical landscape character
..................................................................................38
Zdeněk Kučera
Krajina v regionech, region v krajině (Několik poznámek
к
ochraně krajiny
jako regionálního dědictví)
/
Landscape in regions,
region
in landscape
(some remarks on the protection of landscape as regional heritage)
.......................47
Věra Vávrová
-
Markéta
Š antrúčková
Využití
archivních pramenů při studiu krajiny na příkladu Novodvorská a
Žehušicka
/
Utilization of archival documents when studying landscape on
the example of
Nové Dvory
and
Žehušice
regions
..................................................63
Jan Hasil
Chebsko a Horní Franky
-
kontaktní region
franské
říše a západních Slo¬
vanů
/
The Cheb region
and Upper Franconia - the contact
region
of the
frankish empire and west Slavs
...............................................................................77
Markéta Marková
Vymezování hranic a jejich značení v přírodě ve středověku
/
Delimitation
of borders and their marking in the landscape in the middle ages
..........................98
287
Obsah
Martin Šandera
Východní landfrýd (skutečná podstata krajského čtyřspolku)
/
Eastern land-
frýd
(an actual principle of a regional tetra-alliance)
............................................106
František Musil
К
formování „Českého koutku v Kladsku
/
Some information about the
development of the Czech corner in
Kłodzko
...................................................116
Jiří Oesterreicher
Tannenbruck -
Trpnouze. Geneze nazírání okrajové lokality (Příspěvek
к
dějinám „Vitorazska a Novohradská)
/
Tannenbruck
-
Trpnouze. The
genesis
of perception of a peripheral location (a contribution to the history
of the Vitoraz region and
Nové Hrady
region)
..................................................127
Marie
Macková
Správní hranice a proměny jejího významu pro region (na příkladu Hře-
bečska)
/
Administrative borders and changes in their significance for a region
(presented on the example of the
Hřebec
region)
..................................................152
Martin Hanus
Regiony a změny dopravní infrastruktury od poloviny
19.
století
/
Regions
and changes in the traffic infrastructure since the mid-ID* century
.....................158
Pavel
Klapka- Aleš Vyskočil
Maloskalsko: region
vyšlapaný turisty, nebo dějinami?
/
Maloskalsko: a region
beaten out by tourists or history?...........................................................................
173
Eva
Hermanová
„Vykořeněné a nevykořeněné obce (na příkladu vybraných obcí Tachovska
a Domažlická)
/
Uprooted and not-uprooted villages (presented on the
example of selected villages in
thé
Tachov
and
Domažlice
regions)
...................192
Silvie Kučerová
Marginalizace
území v kontextu vývoje soustavy základního školství na
příkladu vybraných regionů Česka v období
1961-2004 /
Marginalization
of a territory in the context of development of the primary school system
presented on the example of selected regions in Bohemia during
1961—
2004.......................................................................................................................214
288
Regiony
—
časoprostorové průsečíky?
Peter Chrastina
-
Martin
Boltižiar
Rumunský Banát-
časopriestorové priesečníky (na
příklade
slovenskej
enklávy
Butin)
/
Romanian Banat
-
spatiotemporal points of intesection (presented
on the example of the Slovak enclave
Butin)
........................................................237
Jaroslav Vaculík
Volyň
-
domov pěti národností
/
Volynia
-
the home of five nationalities
..........263
Summary
..............................................................................................................270
289
Summary
Regions
-
spatiotemporal
points
of intersection?
Regions and regionalism represent an increasingly current topic in the globalizing
world. This statement does not comprise a contradiction in terms as it might seem
at first sight, it reflects the fact that searching for roots, identity and integrating
elements is a logical, conscious and partly maybe also subconscious response to the
current situation. The topicality of the issue is perceived by the general public as
well as by specialists. The development of regional museum and geographic work
which results in the creation of new museum expositions and educational paths and
publishing of regional journals or monographic books document the situation very
clearly. At the same time the topic of regions has been integrated in professional
discourse for many years. The fact that this is a complicated, multilayer and multi-
disciplinary topic is documented by the fact that it is dealt with not only by histo¬
rians, ethnographers, sociologists and demographers, but also by archaeologists,
geographers or specialists in cultural heritage and regional ecology.
Discussions held at various events
-
conferences, workshops and naturally
also on pages of various journals
-
gradually crystallized into a specific idea to put
together a book. The discussion regarding the concept and structure of individual
chapters showed how broad and difficult this topic is; in fact it comprises a number
of parallel topics standing next to each other. Even just a few selected criteria and
approaches to the characteristics and understanding of a region and some basic
questions asked in the given respect are sufficient to make us realize these moments
better. A region can be understood as an urban, historical, territorial or political unit
or also as a military-political, economic or language or ethnical unit. In addition to
this, a region can be a territory delimited by specific culture, type of countryside or
related attractiveness for tourists. (The aforementioned aspects and points of view
overlap in practice in order to describe the former real situation as closely as
possible). Natural conditions and their specific features in individual regions have
proved to be the decisive factors since the early Middle Ages (we are unable to
monitor this at earlier periods) till the modern era
-
starting with the history of
settlement determined by the topography, climate or soil quality and finishing with
the development of road network and the development of the structure of industrial
production in the 19th and 20th centuries. This is accompanied by various other
questions such as how does a region develop , how is it defined, objectively and
subjectively
(i.e.
in our minds), the status of a region when talking about a centre
and periphery, and also the topic of regions in the context of cultural heritage and its
270
Regiony
-
časoprostorové průsečíky?
preservation
-
(historical) cultural countryside as a phenomenon having an identi¬
fying and cultural-historical value has only been focused on lately, but sometimes it
has already become the subject matter of cultural heritage preservation.
This and many other questions have been asked by authors of this book.
A general platform to discuss these issues was a conference called Regions
-
spatiotemporal
points of intersection? (Prague
23
January
2008);
this conference,
which basically covered the spectrum of the given topic, greatly contributed to the
creation of the final concept of this book. The group of authors kept in mind that it
was necessary to combine the macro- and micro-view of the given issue,
i.e.
present
texts on general topics focusing on conceptual and methodical issues (terminology,
definition of regions in the past and at present) and on the other hand to offer a view
of the broadness of the topic presented in case studies monitoring selected regions
which differ by the specifics of their historical development, which are monitored
at different development periods (since the Middle Ages till the present), i.e. they
are monitored using different optics and methods, and with a focus on different
issues.
Eva Semotanová,
ABOUT THE ISSUE OF REGIONS
-
SPATIOTEMPORAL
POINTS OF INTERSECTION (pp.
7-25).
The issue of a region
-
a relatively
compact area where historical processes and landscape changes took place
-
has
been alive and large; historians, geographers, ecologists, ethnologists and many other
specialists express their opinion on it. Modern concepts of regionalism are based on
the feeling of regional citizenship, regional identity
-
a person s relationship to
a territory where (s)he used to live or where (s)he lives. They take inspiration in
traditions and at the same time create new ideas about the future of the region
which is to be the home for new generations. Relatively independent territorial units
related to the Czech lands and Central-Europe in the past can be understood as
regions that are presently incorporated into regional structures, changes and perception
of the mosaic of the European continent.
Knowledge about the history of regions can be gained through studying,
analysis and interpretation of historical written materials, maps and pictures (official
written materials, chronicles, memories, maps, plans, aerial photographs,
vedute,
photographs, postcards and other pictures), through analysis of archeological finds
and other artefacts. Except regional history, this knowledge can be utilised also in
the process of forecasting the general development of regions, in territorial
planning etc.
The author focused on the approach of a historian
-
historical geographer to
the concept and structuring of the topic, research of border changes and the size of
regions, description of regions on maps and creation of region s names. The basic
terms related to the study of historical regions from historians point of view include:
271
Suramary
definition,
hierarchy, characteristics, typology
and terminology, reconstruction and
sources.
In historical research regions can be defined
-
according to a geographic
criterion, according to the territorial-administrative organisation applicable at the
time of research, according to the territorial-administrative organisation applicable
during the researched period or according to a specific topic and purpose
-
an ad
hoc definition. The most difficult task is to describe a region in the course of time,
to make a cross-sectional analysis of historical periods. Actual existence of a region
is usually limited to several centuries or decades. Nevertheless, serious regional
research should not be concluded without a spatial, cartographic analysis of the
researched region.
Eva
Chodějovská,
A MAP OF AN AREA
-
A NEW TERM IN THE
CZECH HISTORICAL CARTOGRAPHY (pp.
26-37).
Using the example of
Prague, the essay gives a description of a specific collection of old maps
-
as regards
the scale they rank somewhere between topographical (general) maps and detailed
plans
-
which are typical of the period before the establishment of methodical
topographical operators; the essay also attempts to find an apt Czech term for such
maps. The virtually compact built-up area in Prague basin, with the areas of
Staré
Město, Nové Město, Malá Strana, Hradčany and Vyšehrad
which had been legally
independent
up until
1784,
was viewed as a whole, and a symbol of Bohemia and
the Czech lands (illustrations no.
1-2).
Beside
vedute,
the extensive surviving
iconographie
material portraying Prague
includes several hundreds of maps of all scales; if we were to overlook both maps
which mark Prague as a mere map symbol (illustration no.
3)
and detailed plans of
parts of Prague, what remains is several hundreds of surviving maps that depict the
towns of Prague surrounded with fortifications and their non-urbanized surroundings
(examples: illustrations no.
9-13)
in the perimeter of a few kilometres (illustration
no.
14).
Needless to say, built-up areas and agricultural landscapes with villages are
mapped differently. All maps concerned are thematic, or military, as is the case of
Prague of the
18*
century. The Austrian historical cartographer
Jan Mokre
was the
first to define maps that depict a town and its surroundings for a particular reason.
He did so in the
1990s
and he termed such maps as Umgebmgskarte, later using
the English equivalent Environsmap in his article in the journal Imago
Mundi.
The
discussion at the conference Regions
-
spatiotemporal
points of intersection?
revealed that the most suitable Czech term appears to be
mapa oblasti
(the map of
an area).
272
Regiony
-
časoprostorové průsečíky?
Jiří Kupka,
REGIONAL
DIFFERENCES
-
AN IMPORTANT
INDICATOR
OF THE CULTURAL-HISTORICAL LANDSCAPE CHARACTER (pp.
38-
46).
The institute of landscape character, as defined by Act no.
114/1992
on nature
and landscape preservation, is an important tool for the protection of cultural lands¬
cape. The protection of landscape character, which came into Czech legislation in
1992,
demonstrates an attempt to balance biological, cultural, historical and esthetical
aspects of the landscape, whereas all areas are understood as landscapes, both urba¬
nized and industrialized, since every landscape attains its own uniqueness, identity,
or
-
in words of the law
—
character.
The law speaks of landscape character areas, which are defined as areas of
similar natural, cultural and historical characteristics. Accordingly, landscape character
areas can be understood as
sui generis
regions, or as a certain way of regional
delimitation. The biogeographical zoning of the Czech Republic represents an
attempt to define landscape character areas by their natural characteristics. Neverthe¬
less, cultural and historical characteristics form an indispensable part of landscape
identity, and are based on various ways of area exploitation; manifesting them¬
selves through perceptible marks, traces of land cultivation and colonization together
with utilization of natural resources (such as surviving dwellings,
urbanistic
and
landscape structures, small architecture, network of routes, the structure of ploughing
and surviving methods of traditional husbandry, landmarks, signposts, frontier
stones, landscape modifications, ponds, fish pond systems, mill-races, dykes, alleys,
reservoirs, pheasantries, artefacts of technical activities of man, exploitation of the
landscape and surviving landscape compositions).
Although there are a number of criteria categorizing various areas (for example,
regions of folk architecture), a complex classification of our areas by surviving
sings of cultural and historical characteristics is still yet to be done.
The protection of the landscape character is a powerful tool for protection of
landscape and its structures and fulfils the European Landscape Convention, whose
attempts to stop inappropriate interventions into the (sometimes considerably urba¬
nized) landscape have been much more successful than those of the preservation of
monuments. The surviving signs of cultural and historical characteristics, which co-
form the uniqueness, or, in other words, distinctiveness of the landscape, could act
as an aspect of delimitation of landscape character areas, which may be understood
as regions in their own right.
Zdeněk Kučera,
LANDSCAPE IN REGIONS, REGION IN LANDSCAPE
(SOME REMARKS ON THE PROTECTION OF LANDSCAPE AS REGIO¬
NAL HERITAGE) (pp.
47-63).
As a rule, a landscape is a term whose meaning is
more felt than strictly defined. It is a term that cannot be readily defined, but every¬
one is bound to have some idea of its meaning. A landscape is forever changing, it
273
Summary
is overwhelming and inescapable. A landscape is characterized by this apparent im¬
possibility to grasp it, its compact unity, high variety of its elements and meanings,
and its changeability in time. Accordingly, we have no matching or accurate
definition of a landscape. However, this should not prevent us from discussing what
a landscape is. The aim of the present article is to contribute to the discussion of
what it is we have in mind when speaking of a landscape and its heritage, protection,
management and planning.
A landscape can be approached from different angles, ranging from those
emphasizing objective features of a landscape to those drawing attention to its spatial,
temporal, historical, ecological or aesthetic proportions. Today, the popular opinion
is that the aforementioned approaches focus only on partial characteristics of a lands¬
cape, and we understand a landscape to be a summary of these characteristics,
a summary which has its own specific features. First and foremost, a landscape is
an interdisciplinary concept and the subject matter of research. The contemporary
approaches to the study of the landscape can be divided according to how they
conceive a landscape, be it:
1)
an observed scenery,
2)
a defined area or a region, or
3)
a specific complex.
A landscape represents heritage which is bound to various definitions and
subject to different influences. This heritage can be classified for example according
to its
1)
meaning,
2)
origin,
3)
way of possession,
4)
preferences,
5)
character, and
6)
time span. The definition of heritage does not have to be unequivocal, as it may
depend on our experiences and values
-
values which predetermine our decision as
to what will be either preserved or forgotten of the heritage of the past. With regard
to our protection of a landscape heritage, these values are reflected on
1)
temporal
and
2)
ideological levels.
Currently, the need to protect, manage and plan a landscape is gaining in
importance. Even so, not everyone perceives a landscape as our heritage and not
everyone feels the need to get to know it better and decide on its future develop¬
ment. The way a landscape and its values are recognized will always be restricted,
ambiguous and subjective. To protect a landscape, we should:
1)
distinguish between
the landscape as an object and as a concept, and
2)
try to comprehend the relations
between research, education, making decisions and our conduct. Our cultural values
should be cultivated with the aim of balanced relations between them. Until a lands¬
cape is seen in a certain way, discussions of its protection, management and plan¬
ning will carry on. The suggested solutions to the problems will always mirror the
state of the society, and preferred values (which are conditioned and relative) in its
approach to the landscape. Therefore, the aim of this discussion is not to conclude
it, but rather to retain it.
274
Regiony
-
časoprostorové průsečíky?
Věra Vávrová
-
Markéta Šantrůčková,
UTILIZATION OF ARCHIVAL
DOCUMENTS WHEN STUDYING LANDSCAPE ON THE EXAMPLE OF
NOVÉ DVORY
AND
ŽEHUŠICE
REGIONS (pp.
63-76).
The present essay is
one of the partial outputs of the research and development project Implementation
of the European landscape convention in agriculturally exploited areas which bear
traces of historical landscape improvements
—
the pilot study of
Nové Dvory —
Račina.
It delves into the possibilities of utilization of historical documents when
studying landscape development, while deriving inspiration from the methodology
of building-historical research.
Introducing a few general observations, the essay is concerned with the
Nové
Dvory
and
Žehušice
regions. The analyzed region spreads over ca.
110
km2 in
Central Bohemia, east of
Kutná Hora.
The selected area represents an old settlement
area with a number of traces of historical colonization and aesthetically motivated
landscape improvements. The area was determined as an independent landscape unit
with the help of geographical and historical criteria.
All kinds of documents can be used when studying a landscape; however,
they must be approached in a critical way. All documents are stored in archives,
particularly in the State Regional Archives in Prague. The documents we used in
our research include especially those of economic nature and documents connected
with landscape improvements; we consider them as the most informative as to the
landscape character. Likewise, written basic data for the first military survey, hitherto
only rarely used, have proved to be a very useful source of information for us.
Interesting details have been drawn from such documents as chronicles and similar.
Old maps and plans considered, we used both collected map works (I.,
П.,
III. military surveys and stabile cadastres) and individual maps from various funds.
Collected works provide an overview of the overall character and improvements of
the landscape not only in the analysed area. Most often, individual maps were created
for specific reasons and are now sources of accurate information. The most important
maps are maps older than those of the I. military mapping and with specific map
contents. First and foremost, we appreciate the discovery of maps depicting the
progress of landscape improvements in the region of
Nové Dvory.
Iconographie
sources are the last large body of documents we concentrated
on. These are old prints, drawings and photographs, portraying the landscape with
interesting details.
To become familiar with the character of the landscape in the past, a complex
archival survey of all kinds of documents is essential. The backbone of most of the
runds
that we analysed is formed by materials dating from the 19th century; on the
other hand, documents originated earlier than in the 17th century are very rare. Its
utilization is limited, though, since a substantial part of sources was created for reasons
275
Summary
other than landscape description, consequently, some facts may have escaped their
attention.
When evaluating the landscape development of the landscape and its con¬
temporary state, one has to cooperate with other specialists, such as archaeologists,
landscapists, geographers, water resources officers, farmers and similar. Once we
succeed in combining information of various professions, the picture of the develop¬
ment of the landscape will become more complex.
Jan Hasil,
THE
CHEB
REGION AND UPPER
FRANCONIA
-
THE CONTACT
REGION OF THE FRANKISH EMPIRE AND WEST SLAVS (pp.
77-97).
The paper summarizes the contemporary state of the document base and research
into the problems of early medieval settlement of the historical region of
Cheb.
The
author attributes larger informative value to archeological finds and the then docu¬
ments from the Frankian context: an approach which contrasts with older, very
often nationally biased or affected research, whose treatment of the toponomastic
research
-
in the author s opinion
-
was not critical enough, overestimating the
importance of the later diplomatic documents.
The focus of the paper consists in supplying an overview of the existing fund
of finds and ascertaining the limits of its informative value; as a consequence, one
of its aims is to arrive at the definition of the term of early medieval
Cheb
settlement district (illustration no.
1)
which is delimitated by natural conditions
(altitude, distance from water courses, steep or varied terrain) and the distance from
the centre (the ancient settlement in the place of
Cheb
castle), which is approx.
5.5
- 10
km at most. The problem of the considerable spatial difference between the
spread of toponyms with Slavic roots and such a narrow conception of a settlement
territory can be explained by the theory of the second (colonizing) intervention of
Slavs into the area of the historic region of
Cheb,
whose existence may not be
recorded in surviving documents, however, at the same time, documents do not prove
the contrary either.
The central idea of the text delves into the classification of the settlement
territory of
Cheb
region alongside other settlement territories with similar characte¬
ristics (material culture, archaeological manifestation and the settlement structure) in
north-east Bavaria (with centres in fortified locations
Rauher Kulm
and Kasen-
dorf), which determine the contact region between the Frankian trade centres, men¬
tioned in the Capitularium of Diedenhofen (dating from
805),
with the Slavic and
Avarian world
(Hallstadt, Forchhem)
and West Slav eucumeny (illustration no.
2).
As proven by archaeological finds and research, this contact region is distinct, with
significant features deriving from the material culture characterized by
Franken
and
West Slavonic influences; furthermore, the region embodies settlements enclosed in
individual settlement territories in dominant centres in the landscape.
276
Regiony
-
časoprostorové průsečíky?
Markéta Marková,
DELIMITATION
OF
BORDERS
AND THEIR MARKING
IN THE LANDSCAPE
Ш
THE MIDDLE AGES (pp.
98-106).
People have
always strived to establish borders. Bordered areas of various dimensions are to be
found throughout all periods of history; however, the territory was not always under¬
stood and delimited in the same way. The way the border was conceived would
change frequently, the fact which arose from practical needs in individual periods.
The methods of marking borders are dependent on the natural environment;
the ways borders were marked differed in areas which disposed of natural points
and in areas that did not have any of them (natural points: mountain ridges in
Austria distinctively marked particular areas; on the contrary, the plains in Poland
did not offer such a possibility, hence borders had to be marked by means of artificial
markings and mounds). In case the landscape did not provide a sufficient number of
distinctive natural points (rocks, stones, trees, mountains), or if these natural points
—
when used as markings
-
could have been ambiguous, then trees or stones were
signed with certain marks either by the governor or entrusted persons. In case there
were no natural points or places constructed by man,
i.e.
places or points conspicuous
in the context of the landscape (burial grounds, crossroads, bridges, fords, anchorages),
barrows were built, or marked border posts or stones had to be erected. Artificially
erected border stones are still to be found on the borders.
Frequently, borders had to be drawn as a result of disputes. Arguments over
borders often resulted in damaging older border markings, be it the result of a natural
disaster (floods, hurricanes), or the result of an intentional activity. Borders were
bypassed (circumitid) on these occasions (including border control) and those
damaged overgrown markings were renewed or sculpted again.
Martiu
Šandera,
EASTERN
LANDFRÝD
(AN ACTUAL PRINCIPLE OF
A REGIONAL TETRA-ALLIANCE)
φρ.
106-115).
In March
1440
noblemen
from four newly established regional landfrieds [regional defensive confederacies
to enforce a legal order]
(Hradec, Chrudim, Čáslav
and
Kouřim)
undertook to
respect a uniform landfried statement and to apply a common policy in the most
significant political issues. In contradiction to the generally accepted idea, a chief-
captain
s
office that was allegedly taken by the Utrakvist member of high nobility,
Hynek Ptáček
of
Pirkštejn,
was not established.
Hynek (Hynce) Ptáček
of
Pirkštejn
was not granted power and influence by
a clearly specified office but due to his charisma and political skills.
Ptáček
as
a leader of a political block was able to word a procedure and advocate a strategy
which other landfried captains and influential members of district councils were
able to accept. Landfrieds were not supposed to be transformed into a single block,
but they were supposed to slowly change into an internally united political associa¬
tion, which was successfully implemented in spite of a number of difficulties to be
277
Summary
overcome.
20-25%
of the original signatories belonged to
Ptáček
s
party but this
number kept increasing and the party had been the most influential in the regions
from the very beginning.
Both the Lord of
Pirkštejn
and his successor
Jiří
of
Poděbrady
involved other
captains in their decision making process and neither of them interfered with captains
competences in their own regions, not even at times when a war was waged. They
preferred to pre-discuss important issues at congresses of individual regions.
Individual landfrieds did not waive their right to proceed independently which is
documented by a number of examples in the field of police or military actions.
Royal dowry towns (traditionally given to Czech Queens as dowry) eventually also
joined the political line of landfried leaders. However, they never became a significant
internal force within the four-alliance.
After the
Poděbrady
Union was established in June
1448,
landfried captains
handed over a part of their competences to
Jiří
of
Poděbrady;
united Eastern-Bohe¬
mian regions were incorporated into a larger unit on the political and military level,
however, this unit had a different basis, not a territorial and administrative one.
Regional landfrieds and their self-government remained in existence even though
competences and power of their captains and regional councils were restricted during
the subsequent years in favour of regional executors. Landfrieds actually ceased to
exist after
Ladislav Pohrobek
was crowned Czech King on
28
October
1453.
František Musil,
SOME INFORMATION ABOUT THE DEVELOPMENT
OF THE CZECH CORNER IN
KŁODZKO
(pp.
116-127).
In the most western
part of
Kłodzko,
close to the Czech border, several settlements with Czech people
survived until great ethnic changes in central Europe during
1945-1946.
This part
of
Kłodzko
was sometimes called the Czech corner . Painter and ethnographer
Josef Stefan
Kubín
studied the language, culture and habits of these people at the
turn of the 19th and 20th century.
The existence of Czech settlements in the mostly German region of
Kłodzko
was rather specific. As a detailed view of the evolution of settlement in the Czech
Corner shows
-
the Czech Corner was originally larger than at the time w.hen
described by
Kubín
-
the establishment of Czech settlements was influenced by
several factors which rank within the field of interest of historical geography.
A Polish path connecting Bohemia with Poland and other countries in Eastern
Europe which was strategically important for the Czech state passed through this
area.
Kłodzko
castle administrative region was probably established to protect this
path whose strategic importance kept increasing since the 11th century in relation to
frequent Czech-Polish military conflicts. And at that time the first Czech settle¬
ments were established around the strategic path. However, we have very little
278
Regiony
-
časoprostorové průsečíky?
specific information about it, so we shall consider it one of the sources of sub¬
sequent Czech settlement.
Much more significant for the establishment of the Czech Corner was the
process of peak colonization of
Kłodzko
in the 13th and
14Љ
centuries. The most
western part of today s
Kłodzko,
the area of Levin, was not a part of
Kłodzko
yet at
that time, and therefore, the peak colonization by German colonists did affect this
area (as far as the Czech Corner is concerned, this type of colonization affected
only the
Homole
demesne); colonization of this region was related to colonization
of the
Náchod
demesne which neighbored on this area; this colonization was
organized by members of the broad family
(rozrod)
of
Načeratics
mostly assisted
by Czech people. The relation between the colonization of this part of
Kłodzko
with the
Načeratic
family is documented by the local name of Levin which is
derived from
Léva
-
a first name frequently used in this family.
No less important was the fact that the Czech demesne of
Náchod
where
most people were Czech and which included the area around Levin was owned by
the same owners as the
Kłodzko
demesne of
Homole
since the end of the 14th
century (Jetfich of
Janovice,
Jenec of
Petršpurk, Jindřich
Lefl of
Lažany,
members
of the family of
Kunštát
and
Poděbrady
including the Czech King
Jiří
of
Podě¬
brady).
Relations between the Levin part of the
Náchod
demesne and the
Homole
demesne which neighbored on Levin became stronger at this time and more Czech
people moved to the
Homole
demesne. At the time when both the demesnes were
held by the same master,
Náchod
and
Homole
were considered
attachements
of the
Hradec Králové
region.
When in
1472,
after the death of
Jiří
of
Poděbrady
and
Kunštát,
the property
of this family was divided between his two sons,
Náchod
and
Kłodzko,
which had
been granted the status of a county in
1459
by King
Jiří,
were assigned to
Jindřich,
the older count of Minsterberg and since
1462
also the count of
Kłodzko.
He was
the first one to start ruling in
Kłodzko
and establishing administrative bodies there.
This was also related to the need to clearly define this territory which was not
a Czech region any more but an independent administrative unit integrally linked
with the Czech kingdom. That was why
Jindřich
issued a few deeds by means of
which he incorporated several territories into the
Kłodzko
county since their
pertinence to
Kłodzko
could have been questioned due to earlier development. One
of these territories was
Homole
demesne which was incorporated into
Kłodzko
in
1477
by
Jindřich.
The Levin region, which had had close relationships with
Ho¬
mole
demesne since
1392,
was made a part of this demesne even though it had
never belonged to
Kłodzko
before. And this was the process how a territory with
mostly Czech citizens became a part of mostly German
Kłodzko.
The original scope of the territory inhabited by Czech people kept shrinking
under the influence of German neighbors and at the beginning of the 20th century
279
Summary
Czechs lived in only about
10
places mentioned by
J. Š.
Kubín.
These settlements
finally ceased to exist after
Kłodzko
became a part of Poland in
1945
and original
inhabitants including
Kłodzko
Czechs were resettled.
JiH Oesterreicher, TANNENBRUCK
-
TRPNOUZE. THE GENESIS OF PER¬
CEPTION OF A PERIPHERAL LOCATION (A CONTRIBUTION TO THE
HISTORY OF THE VITORAZ REGION AND
NOVÉ HRADY
REGION)
φρ.
127—151).
Not even historians know much about the history of the village of
Tarmebrack, in Czech called Trpnouze. This does not result from the fact that
Tannenbrack/Trpnouze was united with a neighbouring village in
1945
and formed
a village called
Hranice
in consequence of which the original villages were gradually
forgotten. The real reasons why little information is known about the village need
to be searched for somewhere else. First we need to say that the current situation
results from the peripheral (i.e. for Czech historians unattractive) status of the
agrarian region of
Nové Hrady
situated on the border between Bohemia and Lower
Austria. The post-war resettlement of most local people, both Czech speaking ones
and German speaking ones, and subsequent enormous fluctuation of people which
has actually lasted till now was another very significant reason. Because after old
residents had left, the natural interest of local people in the history of their home
disappeared for long decades. The fact that Tamenbrack/Trpnouze was originally
situated in Lower Austria until
1920
is the third reason and probably the main one.
Difficult access to Austrian archive materials and historical literature published in
Czechoslovakia between
1945-1989
resulted, being also combined with the so
called Vitorazs myth (nowadays an unsupportable myth, however fairly strong in
the area), in complete distortion of the history.
This paper does not intend to analyze the issue of so called Vitoraz myth or
define the Vitoraz region or specific features of the local people. These elements
were described by the author in his older studies (some of them are quoted in the
paper). On the other hand the work focuses clearly on the past of Tannenbruck/
Trpnouze
-
one of the original thirteen large villages in Lower Austria which were
incorporated in Czechoslovakia in
1920.
The author compared selected sources
deposited mostly in Austrian archives. And he did not restrict his research to so
called direct written sources, which contain express mentions of Tannenbrack/Trp¬
nouze since these only go back to
1770
(the year of establishment of Tannenbruck
in the Weitra demesne). Analysis of so called indirect written sources (for example
tax returns, lists of serfs duties, registers of serfs estates, border contracts, forest
administration accounts, military maps, records of births and deaths), i.e. materials
documenting the past of surrounding villages in Lower Austria and Bohemia
(
such
as
Beinhofen/Německé = Dvory nad Lužnicí,
Erdweiß/Nova
Ves nad Lužnicí,
Weissenbach/Vyšné,
Naglitz/Nakolice, Höhenberg,
Pyhrábruck, Byňov)
enabled the
280
Regiony
-
časoprostorové průsečíky?
author to proceed further
-
deeper into the past. Indirect written sources frequently
contain pieces of information about Tarmenbruck before
1780
(i.e. before the time
Tarmenbruck/Trpnouze was established on this territory). The oldest indirect written
source providing very important information about the situation in
Tannenbrack
originates from as early as
1339!
This source also expressly mentions the deserted
village of Puchek and locates it on the territory of the subsequently established
Tarmenbruck/Trpnouze. The necessity of revision of the current interpretation of
the past is apparent. Not only in
1770
but more than
430
years earlier a village
existed on this site. Indirect written sources show even more, they give us an idea
about the way of thinking of authors of these written documents, i.e. tell us how
Tannenbruck was perceived by individual parties during various periods.
Marie
Macková,
ADMINISTRATIVE
BORDERS AND CHANGES
Ш
THEIR
SIGNIFICANCE FOR A REGION (PRESENTED ON THE EXAMPLE OF
THE
HŘEBEČ/SCHONHENGST
REGION)
φρ.
152-157).
Administrative borders
are usually very accurately described in laws and usually generally respected.
However, they were also significant elements that influenced intrastate regions.
Regions defined on a completely different basis could be created concurrently. The
Hřebec
region was defined at the beginning of the 19th century. Its basic unifying
moment was the language. Territorially it not only exceeded the border of the
demesne which applied at the time of establishment of the region, but subsequently
also borders of court and political districts and always the Czech-Moravian land
border. This border was a very stable type of an intrastate administrative border not
only in the 19th century. This border actually prevented creation of politically
defined closed territories in the late 19th century since these territories would have
to exceed the border. Administrative borders of regions were so strong that they
were not changed even by proceeding nationalization of the society and require¬
ments brought about by this process. Both types of territories
-
those determined by
the administrative border and those determined as a social-cultural region
-
were
defined in away to correspond with requirements of the given time. An administrative
border defined units in a way to make them suitable for government administration
and for economic development of the territory and its people
-
an integral part and
determining feature of this process was communication accessibility in the 19th
century. A culturally and socially defined region was based on gradually growing
demand of people for identification with a modern nation which was closely con¬
nected with a specific territory as regards the Germans of
Hřebec.
But even this
was not a unique feature at that time. The 19th century was able and willing to
accept such a definition of a region, but also break it to the extent tolerated by law
and order.
281
Summary
Martin
Hamis,
REGIONS AND CHANGES IN THE TRAFFIC INFRA¬
STRUCTURE SINCE THE MH)-19th CENTURY (pp.
158-172).
Monitoring of
the consequences of improved traffic infrastructure on individual regions is one of
the main topics of transport geography. While studies focusing on highways prevail
nowadays, this study focuses on railways and returns back to historical and
historiographical studies of the 20th century.
The purpose of the study is to document the influence of the railway con¬
necting Prague
-
Česká Třebová — Olomouc (Břeclav)
on land utilisation around
the railway since the mid-19th century to the present time. A
20
km wide zone along
the railway was selected for the analysis and within this zone basic territorial units
were divided into several zones classified according to the influence of the railway.
The presented study succeeded in explaining the influence of a railway on
utilisation of areas on the monitored territory (especially as regards the dynamics of
changes in land utilisation and also development of construction in the area). More
factors influenced the situation in this area, but the construction of a railway and
consequently improved accessibility of a region enable other favourable conditions
of the given region to become apparent and utilized. And these changes were sub¬
sequently also projected in the structure of land utilisation. Or, this at least applies
to the monitored territory. It is a question whether the trends explained in this study
could be generalized for the whole Bohemia, or whether they are specific for the
given railway and the monitored territory. To answer the question a more detailed
and broader historical and geographic research would have to be carried out.
Pavel
Klapka
-
Aleš Vyskočil, MALOSKALSKO:
A REGION BEATEN OUT
BY TOURISTS OR HISTORY? (pp.
173-192).
Identification and delimitation of
regions of different types belongs among the main themes of geography, historical
geography not being left out. Taking the Maloskalsko area as an example the article
has two main objectives:
1)
to find out, if the Maloskalsko area is presently a region
in the geographical sense, and
2)
to find out, if the Maloskalsko area (as a region)
has any backing in historical regional structures. Analyses were carried out in a larger
,
area of interest and covered the period from
1848
to
2008.
We have analysed the
following criteria:
1)
political-administrative,
2)
quantitative population characteristics,
3)
qualitative population characteristics, and
4)
functional (based on labour com¬
muting).
We have arrived to the following conclusions:
1)
the Maloskalsko region is
definitely not a physical geographical region,
2)
from the political-administrative
point of view it was not a region as well,
3)
the Maloskalsko region was a frontier
part of a large Czech speaking area until the end of the
1940s, 4)
the Maloskalsko
region possesses certain traits of a nodal region as far as population changes and
functional relations are concerned. For this hint of nodality tourism is responsible
282
Regiony
-
časoprostorové průsečíky?
in our opinion, thus we can claim that the Maloskalsko region is a typical tourist
region with traditions reaching back to the end of the 19th century.
Eva
Hermanová,
UPROOTED AND NOT-UPROOTED VILLAGES (PRE¬
SENTED ON THE EXAMPLE OF SELECTED VILLAGES IN THE
TACHOV
AND
DOMAŽLICE
REGIONS) (pp.
192-213).
The presented paper focuses on
some villages in border districts of
Tachov
and
Domažlice.
Based on an analysis of
several social and cultural features, the paper intended to find out whether historical
events connected with massive resettlement of Germans after the Second World
War and the main processes which came afterwards have still been traceable. The
paper also includes some data about castles, chateaux, fortresses, villages and
buildings that were destroyed after
1945
and also conclusions from field research
carried out by students of the Faculty of Humanitarian Studies of West-Bohemian
University in
Pilsen in 2000
which was organised within the research project called
Europeanship and Communities on the European Interface.
Analysis of statistical indicators showed significant differences among villages
in the
Tachov
and
Domažlice
regions and also mutual differences among villages in
the
Domažlice
region. Regional traditions and culture enabled villages in the
Do¬
mažlice
region to ensure the continuity of religious life, existence of various local
associations and a higher level of education of local people. It was proved that this
tradition together with settlement stability of inhabitants functioned as a certain
barrier against the communist ideology. Equally important as local traditions was
religiousness of local people. Tthe main differences can be spotted among villages
to which new people moved and villages without new inhabitants. Villages which
had new inhabitants never fully reconstructed the disturbed social and service infra¬
structure. Nowadays these villages usually include small settlements whose population
never reached the pre-war numbers and which are frequently administratively sub¬
ordinate to a nearby larger village. This fact can significantly contribute to the feeling
of estrangement from their own village. For a number of reasons (commuting to
work and schools, services and cultural facilities located in another village) it is
more difficult to create a community in such villages since people do not feel the
need to become involved in events from which their village could benefit. This
situation is visually best documented by churches in the newly inhabited villages.
Based on the paper we can confirm the main hypothesis of the paper about
the existence of rooted and uprooted villages and about a varied extent of rooted-
ness or uprootedness of their inhabitants even at the present time. The feeling of
deep-rootednes is perceived only after several
-
at least three
-
generations and it is
created gradually by means of everyday perception of the living space, its adoption,
identification with architecture, traditions and habits, landscape features or cultural
monuments. The feeling of rootednes is significantly strengthened by memories of
283
Summary
loved people buried in the place and other emotions related to individual places and
people.
Silvie
Kučerová, MARGINALIZATION
OF A TERRITORY IN THE CON¬
TEXT OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE PRIMARY SCHOOL SYSTEM PRE¬
SENTED ON THE EXAMPLE OF SELECTED REGIONS
Ш
BOHEMIA
DURING
1961-2004
φρ.
214-236).
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the
polarisation of an area as regards accessibility of the compulsory primary education
in Bohemia in the second half of the 20th century. That is why we analyse the
development of territorial distribution of primary schools [within the Czech school
system primary schools include grades
1—9 —
translator
s note]
in two regions: South
Bohemia and Central Bohemia. We do not understand schools as purely educative
institutions but we see their general social importance for stability and function of
local communities. A school is an important place for socializing, it can support com¬
munication between young people and a local or regional community or institutions
and contribute thus to the development of a social capital in the given territory or to
creation of regional identity of inhabitants. A primary school as one of the basic
amenities represents a significant factor that enhances the attractiveness of the village
and motivates people to stay in the given place. That is why we point out the local
and regional risk resulting from the process of closing down primary schools in
villages. This usually results in marginalization of the given village or even a whole
region if more schools are closed down there.
The regions we selected include various types of territories as regards terri¬
torial organisation: a central, intensely utilised area around Prague and the regional
capital of
České Budějovice
and also scarcely populated municipalities located close
to the regional or state borders. We can watch varied development of the school
network in these areas while the monitored processes shall apply also elsewhere in
Bohemia on similar territories. This includes especially the process of space con¬
centration of people s activities.
Peter
Chrastina
-
Martin Boltiaar, ROMANIAN
BANAT
-
SPATIOTEMPO¬
RAL
POINTS OF
Ľ4TESECTION
(PRESENTED ON THE EXAMPLE OF
THE SLOVAK ENCLAVE
BUTÍN)
φρ.
237-262).
Present-day landscape of the
village
Butin
in Romanian
Banat
(fíg.
1)
is a result of gradual changes of natural
landscape influenced by agricultural and other activities of people. Intervention of
a man to a forested and only slightly uneven territory on the east part of
Temesvár
lowland (map
1)
can be seen in neolith or in the Roman period and the Middle ages
(fig.
8,13).
Later interventions of a multiethnic community (since
1813
Slovaks belong
there) into natural structure of a landscape followed the trends from the past (maps
284
Regiony
-
časoprostorové průsečíky?
5, 7-9,
table and diagram
1).
The primary
motive
for exploitation of local lands¬
cape was agriculture with growing of corn and technical plants. One part of the
territory (especially near the swamps and the river Moravica
-
map
2)
was changed
into pastures and meadows for the needs of livestock production.
Agreeable geo-ecological conditions of this part of
Temesvár
lowland, especially
the moderately uneven terrain of uplands with the river Moravica, climate and fertile
black soil were (and are) the reason for intensive exploitation of the mentioned
locality
(fíg.
3).
From the point of view of
Butin
Slovaks the first phase of re-emigration to
Czechoslovakia (in
1946/48)
was manifested by a change in utilisation of culture
landscape of the region (succession of gardens and destruction of a part of the
houses). It was changed in
1970/80
by the arrival of Slovak inhabitants from hilly
parts of
Bihor
and
a Sălaj
(Huta, Gemelčička, Bojovské).
Remarkable changes of landscape structure occurred as a consequence of social
changes at the end of millennium, when cooperative farms broke up. Deterioration
of the living standard of inhabitants commuting to work to towns
(Gătaia, Reşiţa)
resulted in abandoning of houses and decrease in the value of land, which was
manifested by creation of fallow land (map
9).
The research of historical, cultural and geographical features of the studied
region enables us to reliably document changes, which have occurred in
Butin
since
the oldest periods up to now
-
with the focus on the period after
1813
(the arrival of
Slovak colonists), which is significant for strengthening of Slovak identity in Roma¬
nian
Banat
and preserving the cultural heritage for generations to come.
Jaroslav
Vaculík, VOLYNIA
-
THE HOME OF FIVE NATIONALITIES
(pp.
263-269).
Our paper focuses on the region of Volynian voivodeship of the
interwar Poland, as it was established after the conclusion of the Polish-Russian
Treaty in Riga in
1921.
The voivodeship was situated in the western part of the
former Russian Volynian guberniya, which does not quire correspond to Volynia as
a historical or geographical territory. The borders of the Polish Volynia did not mark
a compact geographical area. The south-eastern part of Volynia was the continuation
of the lowland
Podol.
The character of the voivodeship s central part was already
more varied, with the two largest cities situated here:
Rovno
(42
thousand inhabitants)
and the administrative centre Luck
(36
thousand inhabitants). The north of the
voivodeship was part of the area of
Polesi,
not ideally suited to agriculture: there
were large stretches of meadows and pastures, little arable land and a low density
of population. Hand in hand with that, the region was underdeveloped. From the
centre toward the south stretched the Volynia proper, with its black earth and
distinctly agrarian character. Here the density of the population was twice as large
as in the northern part. Also, most of the
22
cities in the voivodeship were situated
285
Summary
in this region. The geographical differences also influenced the degree of national
awareness of the population.
In
1921, 1.4
million people lived in the Polish Volynia,
ofthat 1
million were
of the orthodox confession,
167
thousand Roman Catholics,
165
thousand were
Jews and
37
thousand Protestants. According to nationality,
984
thousand declared
themselves as having Rusyn nationality,
241
thousand as Poles,
152
thousand as Jews,
25
thousand as Czechs and the same was the number of Germans.
The second census in
1931
took place in considerably more stabilized condi¬
tions. It says that
2
million people then lived on the voivodeship territory, of that
1.4
million
(68 %)
declared Ukrainian as their native language,
347
thousand Polish
(17 %), 205
thousand Jewish and Hebrew
(10 %), 47
thousand people declared
German
(2 %)
and
31
thousand declared Czech as their mother tongue
(1.5 %).
Considering the confession, in the Polish Volynia lived
1.5
mill, members of the
Orthodox Church,
328
thousand Roman Catholics,
208
thousand Jews and
53
thousand Protestants, mainly the reformed ones
(43
thousand). Volynia s characteristic
feature was that the individual groups retained their uniqueness, lived separately,
formed their own colonies or self-sufficient parts within the existing localities. The
social, ethnic, cultural, religious and national differences were preserved over the
whole interwar period of twenty years.
286
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| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV035495922 |
| callnumber-first | D - World History |
| callnumber-label | DB2017 |
| callnumber-raw | DB2017 |
| callnumber-search | DB2017 |
| callnumber-sort | DB 42017 |
| callnumber-subject | DB - Austria, Liechtenstein, Hungary, Czechoslovakia |
| classification_rvk | RL 90903 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)320839766 (DE-599)GBV595012493 |
| discipline | Geographie |
| era | Geschichte gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte |
| format | Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content (DE-588)1071861417 Konferenzschrift gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Aufsatzsammlung Konferenzschrift |
| geographic | Tschechische Republik Czech Republic Historical geography Congresses Tschechien (DE-588)4303381-7 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Tschechische Republik Czech Republic Historical geography Congresses Tschechien |
| id | DE-604.BV035495922 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:38:54Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788072861293 |
| language | Czech |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-017552233 |
| oclc_num | 320839766 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-M457 DE-739 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-M457 DE-739 |
| physical | 289 S. zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| publishDate | 2008 |
| publishDateSearch | 2008 |
| publishDateSort | 2008 |
| publisher | Historický Ústav |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Práce Historického Ústavu AV ČR |
| series2 | Práce Historického Ústavu AV ČR : Řada C, Miscellanea |
| spelling | Regiony - časoprostorové průsečíky? vědecká red.: Robert Šimůnek Praha Historický Ústav 2008 289 S. zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Práce Historického Ústavu AV ČR : Řada C, Miscellanea 21 Zsfassung u.d.T.: Regions - spatiotemporal points of intersection? Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Landscapes Czech Republic Congresses Region (DE-588)4049029-4 gnd rswk-swf Tschechische Republik Czech Republic Historical geography Congresses Tschechien (DE-588)4303381-7 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content (DE-588)1071861417 Konferenzschrift gnd-content Tschechien (DE-588)4303381-7 g Region (DE-588)4049029-4 s Geschichte z DE-604 Šimůnek, Robert 1971- Sonstige (DE-588)131877348 oth Práce Historického Ústavu AV ČR Řada C, Miscellanea ; 21 (DE-604)BV006265185 21 Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017552233&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017552233&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Regiony - časoprostorové průsečíky? Práce Historického Ústavu AV ČR Landscapes Czech Republic Congresses Region (DE-588)4049029-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4049029-4 (DE-588)4303381-7 (DE-588)4143413-4 (DE-588)1071861417 |
| title | Regiony - časoprostorové průsečíky? |
| title_auth | Regiony - časoprostorové průsečíky? |
| title_exact_search | Regiony - časoprostorové průsečíky? |
| title_full | Regiony - časoprostorové průsečíky? vědecká red.: Robert Šimůnek |
| title_fullStr | Regiony - časoprostorové průsečíky? vědecká red.: Robert Šimůnek |
| title_full_unstemmed | Regiony - časoprostorové průsečíky? vědecká red.: Robert Šimůnek |
| title_short | Regiony - časoprostorové průsečíky? |
| title_sort | regiony casoprostorove pruseciky |
| topic | Landscapes Czech Republic Congresses Region (DE-588)4049029-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Landscapes Czech Republic Congresses Region Tschechische Republik Czech Republic Historical geography Congresses Tschechien Aufsatzsammlung Konferenzschrift |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017552233&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017552233&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV006265185 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT simunekrobert regionycasoprostorovepruseciky |