Srednjovjekovni nadgrobni spomenici u Makarskom primorju:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Croatian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Makarska
Gradski Muzej
2007
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Medieval tombstones in the area of Makarska Littoral |
| Beschreibung: | 144, XX S. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 9789537139063 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Srednjovjekovni nadgrobni spomenici u Makarskom primorju |c [autor izložbe i kataloga] Marinko Tomasović |
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| 500 | |a Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Medieval tombstones in the area of Makarska Littoral | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804138888388673536 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | KAZALO
Uvodna napomena
aurora
.................................................................................................................... 5
Kritički osvrt na literatura i bavljenje
srednjovjekovnim nadgrobnim spomenicima u Makarskom primorju uopće
.......................................7
Lokalitetu spomenici
.......................................................................................................................... 19
Brojčano stanje i tipovi srednjovjekovnih nadgrobnih spomenika u Makarskom primorju
............... 62
Tipološke osobitosti i lokacija nadgrobnih spomenika u Makarskom primorju
................................. 64
Zastupljenost ukrašavanja i motivi na nadgrobnim spomenicima
.......................................................67
Obrada spomenika i neka zanimljiva likovna rješenja
........................................................................72
Neke napomene
о
razlici u izradi
nadgrobnih spomenika u kontekstu kvalitete kamena i primjerima njegovog uvoza
..........................76
Prostorni razmještaj spomenika kroz pitanje etničke pripadnosti grobalja
.........................................77
Zaključne napomene
............................................................................................................................79
Kataloska obrada spomenika
............................................................................................................... 80
Izvori i literatura
................................................................................................................................ 110
Summary
............................................................................................................................................116
Table
.................................................................................................................................................. 122
SUMMARY
MEDIEVAL TOMBSTONES
IN THE AREA OF
MAKARSKA
LITTORAL
CRITICAL REVIEW OF LITERATURE AND
MEDIEVAL TOMBSTONES
IH
THE AREA OF
MAKARSKA
LITTORAL GENERALLY
The medieval monumental problem area of
Makar¬
ska
Littoral mentioned in the literature mostly deals
with tombstones. It became important very early but
only through certain unsystemic registering. The first
statements about tombstones and standing tombstones
(stećak)
were given in the travel book of A. Fortis,
«Viag¬
gio
in Dalmazia»,
1774,
in which they are not temporally
determined. In
1859
P.
Kadčić-Peko
called them steed
but also mentioned a high trunk, the so-called
Kostunica
greb in
Drvenik
that was interesting to A. Fortis. It con¬
tains numerous memorial plates that refer to typological
equalization of memorial plates and lower trunks.The
statement of
Kadčić-Peko
in which he doubted in the ex¬
istence of tombstones or typological higher tombstones
in the area of
Makarska
Littoral, was actually hasty. But
in
1863
he also mentioned the existence of
stećci
in some
places of
Makarska
Littoral and also added certain she-
matic drawings.
The first description of one
stećak
was given by F.
Bulić
in the review of the area
oiZakuće,
on the western side of
Makarska,
were the faithfully described
stećak-sljemen-
jak was actually located. In
1853
or
1854
thanks to M.
Sabljar
the keeper of the collections from the National
museum in Zagceb the attention was drawn to
stećak
as a result of his interest for this kind of monuments in
Makarska
Littoral. Some similar topographic notes for
Drvenik
and Igrane are also to be found in his field book.
While the observations of
Kadčić-Peko
were too general
the unpublished ones noticed by M.
Sabljar
gave through
certain remarks and drawings the impression of a great
interest for the
localités
he had been to.
The same situation is with some field observations of the
monk
Luje
Marun,
the father of old Croatian archeology
who evidented tombstones in
Drašnice
in
1897.
Except
the mentioned observation of
Bulić
some other quota¬
tions of the
20
th century need to be explained, for exam¬
ple the ones written by V.
Živić,
secretary of the Museum
of Croatian antiquities, in which he spoke about
stećci
in
Tučepi
as well as tombstones with motives of shields and
swords near
Gospina crlcva
(Our Lady s Church) in Bast
and on the graveyard near St.
Stjepan
in Brela. Unfortu¬
nately
Živić
unacceptably thought of memorial plates as
tombstones. In literature the most incidental obsrevations
about medieval tombstones in the area of
Makarska
Litto¬
ral were changed through the selection of visual motives,
for the first time with more numerously schematic draw¬
ings on the comparative memorial plates of the up to that
moment known homogenous types and ornaments in the
wide area, given by M.
Wenzel.
The work of
N.
Božanić-
Bezić
from
1967
in which she wrote about about tomb¬
stones and
stećci
of
Makarska
Littoral, with the quantity
of its catalogic analysis, publishing of photographs and
drawings of some visual motives, represents the most
completed presentation of this part of the Middle Ages.
Unfortunately and with the exception of Podgora all the
localities were presented incorrectly and insufficiently
considering the number of ornamented tombstones and
even the ornamentation itself. The correct distinguishing
of memorial plates from
stećak
was performed in the title
of the work but the fact that only the ornamented monu¬
ments were observed needs to be taken into considera¬
tion. The author did not give notice to the fact that there
are also undecorated memorial plates on the mentioned
localities. This fact limited the interpretation of cultural
and temporal background of the graveyards.
Instead of determing the beginning of more systematic
engagement in this problem the work of
N.
Božanić-
Bezić
became the one to take the statements from with¬
out previously proving them on the field. That is why
most of the later texts in which
stećci
and tombstones in
the area of
Makarska
Littoral were mentioned represent
the repetition of the already written or said. Nevertheless,
the observation of St. Tekla s graveyard in Podgora pre¬
sented by K.
Mucić
in
2006
is remarkable for its focusing
to a certain locality.
LOCALITIES AND MONUMENTS
BRELA
The steed found on the locality of Grebine, below the road
southern from
Carevići,
on the border, north-west side of
Gornja Brela
were presented recently. Three tombstones,
amorphous types of memorial plates or lower trunks, de¬
termined in the 14th century were mentioned. And the
stećak-tmnk
on the position called
Popova Glava,
100
m
from Grebin towards the south-east drew attention
only recently with its illustration of human figures in the
lower relief. The graveyard on
Subotišće
in
Gornja
Brela,
on the position of
Ploče,
is according to its number and
outlook the most inadequate presentation of the grave¬
yard from Brela. From the etymological point of veiw
its name is indicative in connection with
stećci-memo-
rial plates or trunks. The tombstones around St. Nikola s
church were mentioned in literature very late because the
lack of decoration.
The position of
Sokolova kuća
(Falcon s house), below
St. Nikola s church was not mentioned in literature at all.
The stone block built into the fenced wall eastwards of
the path for St. Nikola s church refers with its outlook and
motive of the carved shield and sword to
stećak-tmak.
The exact number of memorial plates with relief mo¬
tives of shields and swords on St. Stjepan s graveyard
was not precisely mentioned. Only ten ornamented were
described but it was not actually told which five were
on the position of today s graveyard. The later observa¬
tion of nine examples located near the new burial site,
out of which six are ornamented, is correct. However the
number of ornamented
stećci
on the position of today s
graveyard was not mentioned but there are two of them.
There are more than thirty tombstones on this locality.
BAŠKA VODA
There is a raised stone block-post on
Rogač,
the border
area of the places Brela and
Baška
and it draws attraction
with its relief and carved symbols on the narrow and tall
sides. The relief and carved crosses and the illustration
of birds defines the post as the evidence of the life after
death. The purpose of this stone as a border stone of the
properties of Brela and
Baška Voda
probably appeared
later when it was moved from its original position above
the grave or the part of the grave it determined. On the
position of
Rogač,
in the area of today s western entrance
into
Baška Voda
the graves with
stećci
were noticed in
1930.
BAST
The exact observation of the four tombstones with relief
illustrations of sword and shield on the graveyard near
St. Marija s Church in Bast as well as the memorial plate
with a motive of the relief half moon was only inciden¬
tally mentioned. What is more it was presented in the
work without any professional pretensions. The undeco¬
rated tombstones were not mentioned at all. The observa¬
tion about the keystone from the graveyard in Bast has
been recently published but with a warning of its possible
origin from the area of
Dubrovnik.
One
stećak
has re¬
cently been discovered on the locality of
Grebišće,
with
its position on the eastern access to the village located
near the old communication between the spring water
on Smokrena and eastern side close to the prehistorical
Gradina.Ths upper area is bordered with a triangle edg¬
ing carved into each other. The northern half is ornament¬
ed with a shallow relief illustration of the half moon and
flower with eight petals as well as carved swastika from
each side (crux grammata). It is a low sljemenjak with
insignificiantly slanted roof, the so-called memorial plate
type characteristic for the western area of Split,
Trogir,
Šibenik
and
Zadar.
The other
stećak
,
the trunk, is built
into the fence of the path on the western side. This is a
slightly finished block with swastika in its middle and on
the left side.
VELIKO BRDO
-
KRVAVICA
/
ZAKUĆE
Zakuće and stećak-sljemenjak
on it was the third local¬
ity with medieval tombstones in
Makarska
Littoral that
actually drew attention of M.
Sabljar,
1853-1854.
One
page in his notebook offers the most completed visual il¬
lustration as well as information about the locality. Many
ornamented tombstones were distroyed in
1818
when
the road was being built.
F.
Bulić
described
stećak
on
Zakuće
and his work rep¬
resents the first precise and detailed description of one
medieval tombstone in the area of
Makarska
Littoral.
The
stećak
originates from this locality,
3
km western
of
Makarska
and was in
1960
transported in front of the
old Franciscan church in
Makarska.
Even though it is the
most beautiful medieval tombstone of the Littoral after
Bulić s
observation it has always been inappropriately
described.
Bulić
was the only one to see its ornaments
from all sides.
Except the illustration of the wheel dance of human
figures on the wider side, half moon and rosette on the
lateral side he also noticed the illustration of the horse¬
man and animal on the other side. With the exception of
this
stećak
and trunk built into the chapel near the road
there has not been any other preserved monument on this
graveyard in the western
Makarska
Littoral.
MAKARSKA
There is a bigger fragment of a tombstone with a relief
illustration of the sword and shield in the floor of the
old
Francisan
church of St.
Marija.
The shield was in its
middle part slightly raised into the skillfully performed
arch.
The tombstone with an illustration of the winged snake in
the apsis of St.
Petar
s
church was introduced in litera¬
ture by P. Kaer in
1914.
The description meets the idea of
the outlook of the memorial plate because it speaks about
the relief put on the shield. It surprises a little bit that he
mentions only one memorial plate with this illustration
because the later authors mention the two of them.
Four tombstones can be considered as the late medieval
covers of the grave chambers near the Romanesque and
Gothic church of St. Martin and two of them are orna¬
mented with a relief half moon.
TUČEPI
The earliest statements about medieval tombstones in
Tučepi
were given by A. Fortis in
1774
and
Kadčić-Peko
in
1859
who also spoke about their ornaments (shields,
swords, half moon, star). Both of them did not state pre¬
cisely on which localities were they placed. The descrip¬
tive and catalogic review of the ornamented tombstones
from the localities of St.
Stjepan
and
Gospina crkva
in
Tučepi
was given by
N.
Božanić-Bezić
in
1967.
PODGORA
The information about five late medieval and ornament¬
ed tombstones on the graveyard in Podgora near the St.
Tekla s Church were given in the catalogue written by
N.
Božanić-Bezić.
The weapon-shaped characteristics were not emphasized
and the difference in quality of their construction was not
evaluated either. The more comprehensive comment to it
was given lately, in
2006,
by K.
Mucić
through detailed
description and analogies.
DRAŠNICE
In
1863
Kadčić-Peko
mentioned that there were also
tombstones in
Drašnice.
In
1897
the monk L.
Maran
spoke about ornamented memorial plates and the lower
sljemenjak. Having examined his field notebook V.
Urlić
gave very informatively and with reproduction the over¬
view of today s condition of the monument in
2006.
IGRANE
The locality that M.
Sabljar
mentioned in his notebook
refers to the graveyard in Igrane. He presented two tomb¬
stones with illustrations of farming equipment but with¬
out any written observation. Those missing tombstones
were also not mentioned in the later literature. Only the
most generalized and undecorated were presented.
ŽIVOGOŠĆE
The observations of memorial plates and steed from the
graveyard in
Živogošće
were not included in literature.
In
2006
M.
Tomasović
wrote about two ornamented sam¬
ples and refered to the missing trunks outside of today s
graveyard. He recognized one of them in the function
of the door post of the graveyard. The author also men¬
tioned that the destroyed steed were located eastwards,
separated through a fence made of drystone wall from
the land area of the graveyard of the church.
Tomasović
suggested two separated burial grounds of a different cul¬
tural and sociological basis.
DRVENIK
In
1774
A. Fortis described «a big raised monumental
stone» in
Drvenik
but did not recognize the illustration
of horsemen and a girl between them. This tall trunk, the
so-called
Kostunica greb,
was the first specifically men¬
tioned medieval tombstone in the area of
Makarska
Lit¬
toral. In
1859
Kadčić - Peko
spoke in his first observation
of these monuments about the first
stećak
in this coastal
area. In
1863
he decribed it in the subject of ornaments
drawing all attention to its source in literature. The obser¬
vation offered by
Kadčić - Peko
is the same as the one
given by M.
Sabljar
in
1853 - 1854.
In
1967 N.
Bezić - Božanić
presented many observations
about those monuments in
Drvenik
but still insuffuciently
and terminologically without valid arguments. The author
noticed neither the keystone as itself nor the ornamen¬
tation with crosses from both sides. In
1970
A. Škobalj
brought an useful information about an unfinished block
located on the south-east position of the figurative trunk
and in this way he concluded that the capital represented
the stone pit for
stecke
where they were actually built.
ZAOSTROG
The only observation about medieval tombstones in
Zaostrog was mentioned in literature by Franciscan K.
Jurišić.
He wrote about the old church of St. Barbara but
also mentioned
stećak
built into its walls and the orna¬
mented tombstone used for the altar
mensa.
PODACA
Though indefinite the first observations about tomb¬
stones were given by
Kadčić
-
Peko
in
1859.
From the
decriptive point of view
stećak sljemenjak
as the most
representative type of the monument on the graveyard is
inadequately presented.
BRIST
The ornamented
stećak
-
trunk in
Brist,
the biggest and
most beautiful sample of this kind in the area of the Lit¬
toral was introduced in literature through the schematic
illustration of M.
Wenzel (1965)
and description of
N.
Božanić
-
Bezić
(1967).
They unjustifiably refer to older
literature as a proof of the existence of some other monu¬
ments in
Brist
although it was actually a more distant
settlement of the similar name. The second undecorated
trunk was not mentioned in literature at all.
BACINA
The graveyard with
stećci
on the location of Sladinac,
that is also the biggest in the area of Littoral, was men¬
tioned by
Kadčić
-
Peko
in
1863.
Their position near the
destroyed church of St.
Andrija
as well as the monument
type were also emphasized. He noted their ornaments in
the most generalized way (half moon, star, cross). In
1937
when the road was being built most of the
stećci
were de¬
stroyed but the drawing of the trunk with the illustration
of the wheel dance done by
Kadčić - Peko
was used in
the later literature. The most informative overview of the
position with remainings of the late medieval tombstones
in
Bacina
was only recently mentioned. Except remind¬
ing of the graveyard on Sladinac and
stećci
in the context
of St. Luka s church there are some new observations
like the location
oîKrstac
and monuments found there.
But there is one decription of the tombstone in
Bacina
that cannot be accepted because it does not represent the
illustration of the spear s top as well as the lower part of
the sword.
TOMBSTONE SHAPES
In the area of
Makarska
Littoral
209
tombstones were
registered and they have been mostly preserved in frag¬
ments. If we take their shapes into consideration than
we must mostly speak about the tombstones made of
bronze and there are
136
samples of them. Then there
are
stećci,
59
samples of trunks. This group includes one
monument on the preserved stone pedestal and that is the
one found on
Kostunica greb
in
Drvenik.
There are not
many
stećalca
-
plates, only
6
samples. Four samples of
the
stećak
-
sljemenjak were preserved (the fifth one is
probably in Zaostrog).
If we speak about the tombstones that cannot be classi¬
fied as
stećci
than the two keystones and one post also
need to be mentioned. The undefined shapes and two
samples, both from Bast (one from the graveyard and the
other from
Grebišće).
The demonstrated number of me¬
dieval tombstones exceeds the number of the previously
mentioned registers.
REPRESENTATION OF ORNAMENTATION AND
MOTIVES ON TOMBSTONES
There are
209
registered medieval tombstones and
69
of
them contain an ornament. The greatest number of or¬
namented tombstones present memorial plates. There
are
136
samples of this type and among them
49
are
ornamented (that is more than a half of all the monu¬
ments found in the area of the Littoral). When we speak
about number and frequency of the ornamented samples
the found trunks also need to be mentioned.
59
stećak
-
trunks are registered and
12
of them are ornamented.
Some other types of tombstones are very rare. There
are four registered
stećci
—
sljemenjak and all of them
are ornamented
(
the fifth refers to the lower undecorat¬
ed fragment in Zaostrog
).
The same number refers to
stećci
-
memorial plates that from typological point of
view can be recognized in two fragments of the edges
with triangular trimming, built into the altar of St. Jure s
church in
Drvenik.
Other two types of tombstones in the
area of
Makarska
Littoral as well as the keystones and
post are exceptional. There are two known samples of
the first kind (Bast and
Drvenik),
both ornamented. The
post is known for the sample from
Rogač.
If there are
49
sample with ornamented motives the most numerous and
the most representative motive among them is the sword
with shield, registered on
34
samples. The combination
of the sword and shield is generally the mostly used
orna-
mental
motive
on medieval tombstones in the whole Lit¬
toral and it covers
50 %
of the whole ornamental reper¬
tory. With the exception of the trunk found near
Sokolova
kuća
in
Gornja
Brela and the low sljemenjak from the
graveyard in
Drašnice
on which this motive was rustical¬
ly performed, all the illustrations of the sword and shield
are sometimes illustrated separately on tombstones. The
shields usually appear in two basic forms: heart
-
shaped
(20
monuments) and rectangular
(14
samples) including
individual variations. The swords are recognizable on
23
samples and are mostly taken from the tombstones.
Those with the sword scabbard in the shape of the letter
S
were found on
15
samples while
6
samples are with a
straight sword scabbard. The endings of the handholds of
the swords, «apples», are mostly rounded
-
sometimes
even in the mushroom, flattened or elongated shape.
They are only exceptionally made in some other shapes,
e.g. rectangular,
trapezoid
or angular with the prominent
center, in the shape of the «crown».
Other motives found on the tombstones found in the area
of
Makarska
Littoral and that serve as symbols and orna¬
ments are actually rare. The most presented is the symbol
of the cross. The bigger relief crosses as the only illus¬
trated symbols were found on the low trunks near
Gos¬
pina crkva
in
Tučepi
and the graveyard in
Živogošće
and
Sladinac in
Bacina.
The stylized cross from
Tučepi
with
rounded endings on its sides shows certain analogies in
the deeper hinterland. There is also a bigger graphitic
cross on the tombstone in Podaca as well as two smaller
on the relief shield of the memorial plate on the same
graveyard. It comes in the pair with a flower and it was
found on the graveyard in
Gradac
and as a lonely symbol
covers even the gable side of the sljemenjak from
Zakuće.
The repertory of the crosses can also be found in the pris¬
matic block from
Rogač
in
Baška voda.
Here we can find
the individual symbol of the carved cross with a ball near
the ending of the vertical side but if we speak about relief
than there is an insufficently prominent cross of the more
complex shape together with a linearly promionent bird
on it. There is also a rustically performed cross of the
Latin shape on the third side of the post and it draws at¬
tention with its simplicity in comparison with two other
crosses. The indented cross on the northern side shows
some hybrid characteristics and was also used by Gothic
stonemasons from the 14th until the 16th century.
The
stećci
found on
Grebišće
in Bast contain the less
carved crosses. The sljemenjak has two swastikas (crux
grammata) while the trunk contains two roughly carved
crosses as the only symbols. There are more carved
crosses on sljemenjak in Podaca
(6
of them) while there
are
3
crosses of the same kind on the narrower sides of
the trunk found on
Kostunica greb
in
Drvenik.
Besides
this equal appearance of the mentioned crosses both on
stećak
and tombstones as well as on the post on
Rogač
there is a fourth group of monuments of the late medieval
period in the area of the Littoral. Those are keystones, a
type of monuments characteristic for the southern area of
Dubrovnik
and
Pelješac.
The smaller tombstones regu¬
larly contain crosses sometimes on both sides. The same
thing is with the Gothic crosses in
Drvenik,
while the one
found in Bast contains the cross on only one side. Some
other motives presented as individual ornaments on the
tombstones in the area of
Makarska
Littoral are: half
moon (found on four sample), hammer (only one). The
mentioned motives are mostly found on the tombstones
on which the combination of the half moon and hoe can
also be seen. The motive of the half moon and rosette as
the only ornament is presented on only one sample of the
tombstone and two stecka, both of them are trunks. The
same ornamental motive but with a half- moon and half
-
sphere was found on the fragment of the trunks from
Bacina.
The motives of the half moon and two rosettes,
actually flowers, appear very often as ornaments on the
štetci
found in the Littoral. Besides the mentioned sam¬
ples they can also be found as a dominant ornament even
on the plane of the trunk in
Brist
or it is less prominent on
the top of the sljemenjak from
Grebišće
in Bast.
Other motives on the trunks are presented with two sam¬
ples of figurative illustrations (Brela-Popova
glava; Dr-
vemk-Kostanića greb),
with the samples of the shield
and sword (Drvenik-St. Jure) or with an individual illus¬
tration of the sword and shield (Brela-Sokolova
kuća).
The motive of the shield and sword with some similar
analogies can also be seen on
stećak
found in hinterland
of
Trogir
and
Dubrovnik
and dates from the first half of
the 15th century. The trimming of tombstone plane was
presented as a rope on the figurative sljemenjaci and the
figurative trunk in
Drvenik.
The rich edging of inserted
triangles were found on sljemenjak on
Grebišće
in Bast
as well as on the fragments built into the altar of St. Jure s
church in
Drvenik.
They are also similar with the sin¬
gle «zigzag» trimming of the trunk with a big cross near
Gospina crkva
in
Tučepi
(on which the trimming also
has the shape of a trapezius placed in the line). Consider¬
ing the ornamentation of all samples found in the area of
Makarska
Littoral the similarities between them can be
easily seen.
THE QUALITY OF BUILDING
Differences in dressing and stonemason s achievements
are not noticeable even if tombstones have not been pre¬
served completely. The illustrations of the diagonally
placed sword and the heart-shaped shield, identical in the
way of performance and different only in the number of
illustrated stars found on the tombstones near the grave¬
yard of the church St.
Stjepan
in Brela present the most
succesful works of this kind in the whole Littoral. The
two tombstones with the same motive from the locality
of St.
Stjepan
are similar to them. Other tombstones from
both localities are of an average and even bad quality of
performance. Some tombstones also present very inter¬
esting and also very succesful individual solutions, e. g.
the one on the floor of the Franciscan church of St.
Marija
in
Makarska
which presents one of the finest ways of the
relief illustration of sword and shield, slightly raised into
a round form of the arch placed in the center. The identi¬
cal solution in modeling of the roundly shaped center of
the sword can also be seen on
Gospina crkva
in
Tučepi.
There is also a tombstone with
a
succesfully carved il¬
lustrations of the diagonally placed sword and shield
with a carved eight-pointed star and a half moon below.
Some other ornamented tombstones from the graveyard
of
Tučepi
represent average performances, without any
special inventiveness previously mentioned. The same
average quality of performing the relief illustrations on
swords can be found on the tombstones from the grave¬
yards of Bast and Podgora.
The tombstone from Zaostrog mostly possess certain
softness while presenting the same motives. The pres¬
entations of this carved motives found on tombstones in
Živogošće
and
Gradac
are more rustic. The figurative il¬
lustrations of the wheel dance with men and women on
sljemenjak from
Zakuće
as well as the illustration of the
horseman with sword and the animal on the opposite side
are presented through the flat numbness of schematic
compositions of the stone. The same is with the illustra¬
tions of the battle between riders-pikemen and a lady be¬
tween them on the plane of the trunk on
Kostunica
greb
in
Drvenik,
with a straight analogy in the hinterland of
Ljubuški.
The plane of the
stećak-
trunk with ornaments
in
Brist
offers much more ebullience.
The solidarity in dressing is proved through the illustra¬
tions of the relief half moon of the finely leveled plane
and two rosettes with eight petals. The motives of the
post on
Rogač,
between Brela and
Baška Voda,
draw the
attention not so much with the regularity of its shapes
but with the clearness of the relief dressing and carved
symbols on its narrow and tall sides. The illustrations of
birds on the eastern and western side are very succesful
in details of legs or with designation of its feathers.
DIFFERENCES OF TOMBSTONE BUILDING (CON¬
SIDERING THE QUALITY OF STONE
)
The value of building of each figurative and ornamental
motives depended partly on the quality of stone. We can
presume that certain irregularities of the asymmetrical
proposition of the ornaments appeared as the consequence
of a bad stone quality or its damage. The same thing is
with some other even worse solutions of its realization.
The evaluation of each visual and stonemason s realiza¬
tion depends on the skill of the stonemason himself. In
the area of
Makarska
Littoral there are not any kind of
information about stonemasons,
orderers,
place of build¬
ing or the way of building. The late medieval tombstones
found in the area of the Littoral are of an average value
and are mostly not very well performed. There are two
fixed stone pits located near the places where the tomb¬
stones were actually placed. There used to be one stone
pit on Grebine below
Carevića kuća
in
Gornja
Brela. The
unfinished stone block predicted for building
oí
stećak
-
trunk can be seen in
Drvenik
in the area of
Kostunica
gre-
ôand
placed on the stone beam
—
stone pit on the eastern
side of the
stećak
-
trunk. If we speak about some other
graveyards of the
Makarska
Littoral than it is neccesary
to say that all steed were built on the place near the stone
pits. The same thing is with the tombstones, at least for
most of them.There are only a few cases the monuments
built of imported stone or even the whole tombstone was
rarely imported. The two of this kind are the tombstones
with the relief presentation of the sword and shield found
on the graveyard near St.
Stjepan
in Brela. It is of a good
quality, probably from St. Mikula s stone pit. All other
tombstones placed on the same graveyard were built of
the same stone (island of
Brač)
and was not of such a
good quality. The three ornamented tombstones near the
church of St.
Stjepan
were made of a better stone also
taken from the island of
Brač.
The complete
petrologie
analysis of tombstones would show some other samples
of the stone import outside of the Littoral.
REGIONAL PLACEMENT OF THE MONUMENTS
AND THE QUESTION OF ETHNIC DETERMINA¬
TION OF THE GRAVEYARDS
There is a separated disposition of the completely dif¬
ferent types of the late medieval tombstones, memorial
plates and steed. In the settlements where the both types
exist they never appear together. This situation refers to
different cultural, sociological or ethnic holders through
marking graves with steed specified in the recognition of
the burials on graveyards with appearance of memorial
plates on one side and no matter if the border parts of the
same or totally separated graveyards on the other side.
It is possible that the Vlahs, famous for their cattle-breed¬
ing movements were the first to start burials under the
stećak
and their sources refer to the existence of the so
-
called nahija in the area of the Littoral from the 15th
century until the Turkish period. Most of the villages in
the Littoral were mentioned individually in the register
from
1477
and it is considered that they belonged to the
community established by the Vlahs. The graveyards in
Brela, Bast,
Tučepi
and
Drašnice
were among them.
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Tomasović, Marinko |
| author_facet | Tomasović, Marinko |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Tomasović, Marinko |
| author_variant | m t mt |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV035441494 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)644359636 (DE-599)BVBBV035441494 |
| era | Geschichte 500-1500 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 500-1500 |
| format | Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)4135467-9 Ausstellungskatalog 2007 Makarska gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Ausstellungskatalog 2007 Makarska |
| geographic | Makarsko primorje (DE-588)4136743-1 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Makarsko primorje |
| id | DE-604.BV035441494 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:35:21Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789537139063 |
| language | Croatian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-017361744 |
| oclc_num | 644359636 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 144, XX S. Ill. |
| publishDate | 2007 |
| publishDateSearch | 2007 |
| publishDateSort | 2007 |
| publisher | Gradski Muzej |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Tomasović, Marinko Verfasser aut Srednjovjekovni nadgrobni spomenici u Makarskom primorju [autor izložbe i kataloga] Marinko Tomasović Makarska Gradski Muzej 2007 144, XX S. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Medieval tombstones in the area of Makarska Littoral Geschichte 500-1500 gnd rswk-swf Grabstein (DE-588)4157987-2 gnd rswk-swf Bogomilenstein (DE-588)7656077-6 gnd rswk-swf Makarsko primorje (DE-588)4136743-1 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4135467-9 Ausstellungskatalog 2007 Makarska gnd-content Makarsko primorje (DE-588)4136743-1 g Grabstein (DE-588)4157987-2 s Geschichte 500-1500 z DE-604 Bogomilenstein (DE-588)7656077-6 s Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017361744&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017361744&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Tomasović, Marinko Srednjovjekovni nadgrobni spomenici u Makarskom primorju Grabstein (DE-588)4157987-2 gnd Bogomilenstein (DE-588)7656077-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4157987-2 (DE-588)7656077-6 (DE-588)4136743-1 (DE-588)4135467-9 |
| title | Srednjovjekovni nadgrobni spomenici u Makarskom primorju |
| title_auth | Srednjovjekovni nadgrobni spomenici u Makarskom primorju |
| title_exact_search | Srednjovjekovni nadgrobni spomenici u Makarskom primorju |
| title_full | Srednjovjekovni nadgrobni spomenici u Makarskom primorju [autor izložbe i kataloga] Marinko Tomasović |
| title_fullStr | Srednjovjekovni nadgrobni spomenici u Makarskom primorju [autor izložbe i kataloga] Marinko Tomasović |
| title_full_unstemmed | Srednjovjekovni nadgrobni spomenici u Makarskom primorju [autor izložbe i kataloga] Marinko Tomasović |
| title_short | Srednjovjekovni nadgrobni spomenici u Makarskom primorju |
| title_sort | srednjovjekovni nadgrobni spomenici u makarskom primorju |
| topic | Grabstein (DE-588)4157987-2 gnd Bogomilenstein (DE-588)7656077-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Grabstein Bogomilenstein Makarsko primorje Ausstellungskatalog 2007 Makarska |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017361744&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017361744&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT tomasovicmarinko srednjovjekovninadgrobnispomeniciumakarskomprimorju |