Opat z San Michele: Grand Tour prymasa Poniatowskiego i jego kolekcje
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | Polish |
| Published: |
Warszawa
Zamek Królewski
2008
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Item Description: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache |
| Physical Description: | 297 S. Ill., Kt. 26 cm |
| ISBN: | 9788370221775 |
Staff View
MARC
| LEADER | 00000nam a2200000 c 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | BV035429979 | ||
| 003 | DE-604 | ||
| 005 | 20210811 | ||
| 007 | t| | ||
| 008 | 090409s2008 xx ab|| |||| 00||| pol d | ||
| 020 | |a 9788370221775 |9 978-83-7022-177-5 | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)316496346 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV035429979 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e rakwb | ||
| 041 | 0 | |a pol | |
| 049 | |a DE-12 |a DE-255 |a DE-Y2 | ||
| 084 | |a 7,41 |2 ssgn | ||
| 084 | |a 2.2 |2 KUBA2 | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Sołtys, Angela |d 1964- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)1108116426 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Opat z San Michele |b Grand Tour prymasa Poniatowskiego i jego kolekcje |c Angela Sołtys |
| 264 | 1 | |a Warszawa |b Zamek Królewski |c 2008 | |
| 300 | |a 297 S. |b Ill., Kt. |c 26 cm | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Zsfassung in engl. Sprache | ||
| 505 | 0 | |a Bibliogr. s. 258-270. Indeks | |
| 600 | 1 | 7 | |a Poniatowski, Michał Jerzy / (1736-1794) |2 jhpk |
| 600 | 1 | 7 | |a Poniatowski, Michał Jerzy / (1736-1794) / kolekcje dzieł sztuki |2 jhpk |
| 600 | 1 | 7 | |a Poniatowski, Michał Jerzy <1736-1794> - kolekcje dzieł sztuki |2 jhpk |
| 600 | 1 | 7 | |a Poniatowski, Michał Jerzy <1736-1794> |2 jhpk |
| 600 | 1 | 7 | |a Poniatowski, Michał Jerzy |d 1736-1794 |0 (DE-588)119310155 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 1789-1791 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Bildungsreise |0 (DE-588)4069466-5 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 651 | 7 | |a Italien |0 (DE-588)4027833-5 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 655 | 7 | |0 (DE-588)4006804-3 |a Biografie |2 gnd-content | |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Poniatowski, Michał Jerzy |d 1736-1794 |0 (DE-588)119310155 |D p |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 689 | 1 | 0 | |a Italien |0 (DE-588)4027833-5 |D g |
| 689 | 1 | 1 | |a Bildungsreise |0 (DE-588)4069466-5 |D s |
| 689 | 1 | 2 | |a Geschichte 1789-1791 |A z |
| 689 | 1 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017350387&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017350387&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Abstract |
| 940 | 1 | |n oe | |
| 942 | 1 | 1 | |c 929 |e 22/bsb |f 09033 |g 438 |
| 943 | 1 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-017350387 | |
Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1820158001652170752 |
|---|---|
| adam_text |
Andrzej
Rottermund,
Wprowadzenie
.7
Wstęp
.9
Przypisy
.10
CZĘŚĆ
I.
DZIEJE ŻYCIA
Monsieur
l'Abbé.
16
Dwie infuły
.30
Upadek
.42
Przypisy
.51
CZĘŚĆ
II.
OPAT Z
SAN MICHELE
W drodze do Italii
.56
Z Werony do Neapolu. Październik— grudzień
1789.62
Neapol. Grudzień
1789 -
luty
1790.71
Rzym. Luty
-
maj
1790.80
Caput
Mundi.
83
Rzymskie itinerarium
.91
Bagni
di Pisa i
Livorno.
Czerwiec- lipiec
1790.102
Florencja. Maj
-
lipiec
1790.105
Carrara
i Turyn. Sierpień
-
wrzesień
1790.113
Szwajcaria i Paryż. Wrzesień
-
październik
1790.114
Londyn. Listopad
1790 -
czerwiec
1791.120
Artyści i kolekcjonerzy
.129
Szarlatani, antykwariusze i uczeni
.142
Kolekcja dla prymasa
.148
Sztuczne kamienie
.161
Portret w rotundzie
.166
Powrót
.180
Przypisy
.184
CZĘŚĆ III. ME LICZNA ALE DOBRANA KOLLEKCYA
KOLEKCJA MALARSTWA
Uwagi ogólne
.200
Inwentarze
.201
Zbiór przed rokiem
1789.
Zamówienia i zakupy
.203
Nabytki zagraniczne. Kopie. Obrazy artystów współczesnych
.205
KOLEKCJA GRAFIKI
Inwentarze
.210
Księgozbiór
.211
Nabytki do roku
1789.212
Zbiór rycin po powrocie prymasa z Grand
Tour
.212
Nadzór nad kolekcją. Biblioteka
.215
KOLEKCJA RZEŹBY
.217
RZEMIOSŁO ARTYSTYCZNE
Szkło i ceramika
.225
Złotnictwo
.232
Zegary
.235
SUKCESJA
.237
Przypisy
.245
ANEKSY
WYPIS ŹRÓDŁOWY
.248
WYKAZ SKRÓTÓW
.253
BIBLIOGRAFIA
Materiały archiwalne
.254
Źródła drukowane
.256
Opracowania
.258
SPIS ILUSTRACJI
.271
INDEKS OSÓB
.276
SUMMARY.
.291
Q
The nickname Abbot of
San Michele
was used during his travels across Europe in the period
1789-
-1791
by
Michał Poniatowski,
Archbishop of
Gniezno
and Primate of Poland, brother and closest
collaborator of the last Polish monarch, Stanislaus Augustus. The prime objective of the book is to
trace Poniatowski's intellectual interests and activities as a collector in the course of the nearly two
years of travels. The work likewise attempts to be the first independent biographical monograph
devoted to
Michal
Poniatowski.
In 19th-century Poland, a nation deprived of statehood, Primate Poniatowski was a figure con¬
demned by historiography, which at that time, rather than being interested in objectivism, sought
values aiming at the preservation of the nation. A persistent fostering of the "infamous legend" of the
Primate as a traitor who "died of poisoning for fear of being brought to the gallows", was not condu¬
cive to understanding a politician and realist, whose chief objective was to modernize the state even
if it was not fully sovereign. The picture emerging from the extant written materials is totally diffe¬
rent from that imposed by the historiography of late 19th
с
and the early 20th
с
The records show
one of the pre-eminent Polish politicians of the late
18*
c, free from suspicions of treason and cor¬
ruption, a competent administrator of ecclesial structures, and a true saviour of Polish education.
The first part of the book, titled
Dzieje życia
[Life story] presents Poniatowski's biography. It is
not limited exclusively to the facts that mark the outer limits of his life, but traces the rationale be¬
hind the choices he made. The choice of priesthood as a vocation, fundamental for his entire future
but underlyingly erroneous, was a concession in the name of family interests, made at a moment
when the Poniatowski family
-
belonging to nobility of medium wealth, thanks to the illustrious
political career of
Stanislaw (1676-1762),
general in the service of King
Karol
XII
of Sweden, and at
the same time the father of the future Primate
-
entered the class of magnates. In
1720 Stanislaw
Poniatowski married a daughter of the Castellan of Vilnius,
Konstancja
nee Princess Czartoryski,
gaining a substantial estate and unmatched familial connections. Konstancja's natural brothers were
Michał Fryderyk,
Grand Chancellor of Lithuania, August,
Voivode
of Russia, and
Teodor,
Bishop of
Poznań.
During the reign of the kings of the Saxon dynasty, Augustus II, and the Augustus III, they
made up a faction commonly referred to as the
"Familia",
which exerted more and more substantial
influence on the political life in the country.
In January
1754
Michał
Poniatowski set off on his first trip to Rome. Rather than thinking about
education, necessary for his further ecclesiastic call, he went there primarily to establish ties with
representatives of the Roman curia, Cardinals Camillo Paolucci and Giovanni Francesco
Albani,
and
the papal nuncio in Bologna,
Fabrizio
Serbelloni. At the same time Poniatowski became a member
of the Roman literary academy "Arcadia".
He graduated from a seminary in Warsaw and received holy orders in
1760.
In the period
1760-
-1764,
already as a Krakow canon, in preparation for political activity he was a secretary to his uncle
Michał Fryderyk
Czartoryski.
Aniîksv
After
the election in
1764
of his brother
Stanisław
Antoni,
four years his senior, who under the
names of Stanislaus Augustus received the throne of the Polish Republic as its last monarch,
Michał
Poniatowski moved into the Warsaw Castle, receiving a substantial number of ministerial positions.
In
1773
he was appointed Bishop of
Płock.
The main part of his activity in the period
1773-1784
was involvement in the organisation and
reforms of education, which he undertook as the president of the Commission of National Edu¬
cation, a government body, the first ever Polish ministry of education. Here he introduced, for
instance, a general reorganisation of all tiers of education. He also tried to lay solid foundations for
the financial maintenance of Krakow Academy. Adopting the Josephine model, he closed down
monasteries in Krakow (which diocese he administrated since
1775),
earmarking their estate for
financing the operation of the Academy. These measures were opposed to by the bigoted enemies
of reforms among the nobility and clergy. After Poniatowski incapacitated the mentally ill Bishop
Sołtyk,
diocesan Bishop of Krakow, his opponents turned it into a public scandal, of serious rami¬
fications for the political popularity of his royal brother.
The years
1784-1788
were the period of his greatest significance. Nominated the Archbishop of
Gniezno,
Poniatowski obtained the title of the Primate of Poland; due to the vast prerogatives of this
position, he became the second most important statesman in the country. However, in
1788
an uncon¬
trollable increase in anti-Russian resentments among the opposition brought about a downfall of the
Primate and the defeat of the court party he was the leader of As a consequence of the defeat, whose
most acute elements were his being deprived of the office of the administrator of Krakow diocese and
the introduction of a Parliamentary law on the nationalisation of ecclesial estates, the Primate decided
to leave the country. He travelled across Europe for two years. He returned to Poland after the adop¬
tion of the May
3
Constitution, a law which laid the groundwork for the modernisation of the Sarma-
tian state. However, he was inclined to identify with the policy of the governing party, which he criti¬
cised, among others, for their unrealistic assessment of international political alliances. After the
outbreak of a war with Russia in
1792,
he deemed it most proper that the king should join the
Targo¬
wica
confederacy, an association of noblemen set up in collusion with Russia, as he believed this would
prevent a partition of Poland. After the outbreak of a nationwide uprising in
1794,
due to unpopular
decisions, he was compromised politically. Unjustly accused of treason, facing lynches which were
carried out in Warsaw in an atmosphere of anarchy fuelled by the Jacobins, depressed, he succumbed
to a short illness whose nature remains unknown.
Chapter II —Abbot of
San Michele
—
is the principal part of the publication that reconstructs suc¬
cessive stages of the foreign trips of the Primate in the years
1789-1791.
During this time he visited
Italy, Switzerland, France, England, the Netherlands, and German states. All the facts were retrieved
on the basis
ofinformation
included in the Primate's correspondence and in the letters and reports
of the Polish envoy to Rome, Tommaso
Antici
and the king's agents. The bulk of these records are
preserved in the Central Old Documents Archive in Warsaw, in a set known as the Archive of
Fr. Gaetano Ghigiotti, part of the former cabinet archive of Stanislaus Augustus. Additional informa¬
tion is provided by Italian and British sources. We are sadly not in possession of any document such
as a memoir or a diary that would provide an account of the entire trip.
The journey was an unofficial one. For close to two years Poniatowski concealed his identity and
travelled incognito, availing himself of the nickname
l'abbate di San Michele
-
an abbot of
San Michele.
The author of this publication took advantage of this pseudonym and made it the main title of the
book. Throughout the trip the Primate used a popular guidebook written by the astronomer Jean
Opat z
San Michele
Jerome Lalande Voyage
d'un Français en Italie fait dans les années
1765 & 1766
(Paris
1769).
The course
and character of the journey was typical of the Grand Tour undertaken by aristocrats in the Enligh¬
tenment era.
Poniatowski began his trip in the early September
1789,
setting off in the company of Fr.
Andrzej
Wołlowicz
and Baron
Johann
Peter Ernst
von Scheffler,
mineralogist and naturalist, deputy presi¬
dent of the
Gdańsk
Natural Society. The route took them via Prague, Vienna, Brenner Pass, and
southern Tyrol to Milan and Verona, which was the first leg of the stay in Italy. He spent there the
entire October, and then, via Vicenza and Padoa, went to Venice. Since November
16
he stayed for
a short time in Bologna. There Poniatowski was brought in touch with Giuseppe
Becchetti,
director
of the
Accademia
Clementina. Two years later he would entrust to him a royal scholarship holder
Józef
Wall, who was to make a few copies of the famous canvases in the collections of Caprara and
Sampieri.
Poniatowski arrived in Florence around November
30.
There, as a gift for Stanislaus Augustus,
he bought a small copy of a painting which represented Sybil and was regarded as an original by
Raphael. In reality this was a copy of a Carlo
Dolci
canvas titled Poetry, whose original, in the Floren¬
tine
Galleria Corsini,
was at that time greatly renowned and imitated in hundreds of copies. Further¬
more, Poniatowski established contacts with scholars and visited the Royal Hall of Physics and Na¬
tural History. Founded on the initiative of the Grand Duke of Tuscany,
Pietro Leopoldo,
it was
created by the naturalist Father Felice
Fontana,
and housed an exquisite collection of anatomical wax
figures. One of such figures, representing a woman, commissioned by the Primate in a studio sup¬
plying anatomical cabinets and universities all over Europe (e.g. the Viennese museum of anatomy
Josephinum), was forwarded to the address of the Warsaw Castle.
The Primate left Florence on December
5
and after a short sojourn in Rome arrived in Naples on
December
10.
Received by the royal commissioner, Francesco
Rajóla,
he spent Christmas and carni¬
val there. When visiting the royal painting gallery in Capodimonte, he became acquainted with
Friedrich
Anders, a draughtsman and painter. At that time employed as a conservator of King Ferdi¬
nand IV
s
paintings, he had earlier collaborated in Rome with a British antique dealer Thomas Jen¬
kins. Later on Poniatowski entrusted him with the conservation of a painting titled Abraham, attribu¬
ted to
Cigoli,
which he purchased for the royal gallery. It has been an unknown fact so far that at the
request of the Primate, Anders led the studies of the Polish painter
Józef
Wall, who came to Naples
in the late May
1790
with a view to supplementing his artistic education. In Naples Poniatowski had
contacts with Father Matteo Zarillo, antique dealer and "specialist on antiquities for the King of
Naples", famous for his
1765
polemic with Winckelmann. In addition, Poniatowski made a manda¬
tory "pilgrimage" to the excavations in Herculaneum and Pompeii, where he bought a few small
bronze objects, visited Virgil's tomb and at the end of his stay took a trip to Pozzuoli.
Poniatowski stayed in Rome from Februaiy
13
through May
11, 1790.
A purely private audience
with Pope Pius VI was a major point of his agenda in the Eternal City. Embracing this opportunity,
the Primate handed a report on the state of the
Gniezno
Archdiocese to the Prefect of the Council
Congregation. Three days later, on February
26,
accompanied by Cardinal Secretary of State
Zelada,
he visited the
Museo Pio-Clementino
and the Vatican Armoury and Library. His contacts with the
circles of Cardinal
de
Bernis and Roman aristocracy, such as the Spanish ambassador
José
Nicolas
de
Azara,
an eminent connoisseur of ancient art, and Duchess
Giuliana
Santacroce, were quite diffe¬
rent. Thanks to close ties with the duchess he managed to acquire for Stanislaus Augustus' gallery
her portrait by the famous painter Angelica Kauffmann, where Santacroce is shown as the Roman
Anisksv
ЛЭЗ
Lucrecia
(currently in the collection of the National Museum in Warsaw). The painter herself was
the Primate's personal guide in the Eternal City and introduced him to her society, where he became
acquainted with the famous cicerone and art theoretician, Baron
Johann Friedrich Reiffenstein,
who
later on was an agent during the purchases made by the Primate.
Poniatowski's artistic contacts were often inspired by Stanislaus Augustus. This was the case with
the renowned sculptor, restaurant owner and antique dealer
Vincenzo Pacetti,
to whom Poniatowski
devoted a few lines in his diary. The principal aim of Prince Michal's visit to the sculptor's studio was
an evaluation of a marble copy of the Amazon from the Vatican Museum, which
Stanislaw
August
had commissioned from Pacetti in
1787.
The Primate was also admitted to the prestigious Academy
of St. Luke as an
accademico d'onore
(March
7, 1790).
A tangible proof of this appointment is his por¬
trait, still exhibited in the Academy building, made in Warsaw by
Marcello Bacciarelli
with the par¬
ticipation of his workshop.
In Rome Poniatowski was portrayed many times. One of the more interesting images was a marble
medallion with the Primate's profile. It may be tied with Massimiliano
Laboureur, a
sculpture of Bel¬
gian descent, who was at the turn of the 1780s employed during the restoration of the Villa
Borghese.
On leaving Rome around June
2,
the Primate arrived at the spa in Pisa, where he stayed for
treatment for a few weeks. At this time he took trips to Florence, Lukka, and
Livorno.
Michal
Poniatowski stayed in Florence in late June and early July. He took a keen interest in the master¬
pieces of Italian painting on display in the local galleries, and had some of them copied by the
painter and conservator of paintings, Irene
Parenti.
The copies commissioned at that time inclu¬
ded the following: Raphael's Madonna
della seggiola,
The Holy Family after a Rubens's painting from
the Palazzo
Pitti,
Judith with the Head of Holophernes by Cristofano
Allori,
and copies of paintings
by Francesco
Albani
Venus and Cupids and Cupids Dancing from the Corsini gallery. He bought
a painting representing Virgin Mary, attributed to Carlo
Dolci;
the painting was meant for the
royal gallery.
In early August
1790
the Primate went to
Massa
Carrara to pay a visit to the sculptor
Pietro Stag¬
gi.
The visit was connected with the artistic commissions of Stanislaus Augustus. Soon afterwards he
went to Genoa and Turin, which was the last leg of his Italian journeys.
After leaving northern Italy, he travelled via Paris to London. He spent seven months in the capi¬
tal of England, staying there from November
1790
until early June
1791.
The sojourn in London was
a major social event. He was introduced in the courts of King George III and the Prince of Wales. He
paid visits to representatives of British political elites, attended concerts and theatrical performances
in King's Theatre Pantheon, Covent Garden, and Drury Lane, where he was able to watch a performance
of the legendary Sara Siddons and her brothers John
Philipp
and Charles Kemble.
While trips made to Italy in the 18th
с
were meant to acquaint the tourist with the relics of an¬
cient culture, the English leg of the Grand Tour was more inclined to political, legal, scientific, and
industrial considerations. Still, the immediate range of the Primate's interest included precisely
science, politics, economy, and culture. Equipped with instructions, he visited and got to know art
collections, whose number in England had substantially increased since the time of Cromwell's
revolution. At the top of the list there were such historical hallmarks as St. Paul's Cathedral and the
Tower of London, the collection of contemporary painting and sculpture in the Royal Academy,
the natural collection of the British Museum and the galleries of John Boydell and Thomas Mac-
klin. Equally important were private collections of ancient sculptures (Charles Townley), studios
of painters (Joshua Reynolds, Benjamin West, John Russell), sculptors and engravers (James Tassie,
ЛОЛ
Ορλτ ζ
San Michele
Edward Burch),
cartographers (Aaron Arrowsmith Senior), and finally collections of old paintings
in London and its environs
(Charles-Alexandre de Calonne,
Abraham Hume, Dukes of Devonshi¬
re and Northumberland).
In London the Primate established contacts with the Royal Society and its then president, Sir
Joseph Banks. On March
31, 1791
he was admitted to the Society as its honorary member. At the
same time, as the only Pole in the 18th century, he became a member of the Society of Antiquaries.
His London itinerary included also a visit to the astronomical observatory in Greenwich and William
Herschel's private observatory in Slough.
At the close of
1790
Poniatowski made the acquaintance of Noel
Desenfans,
an art dealer of Fle¬
mish descent residing in London, and with the latter's friend, a landscape painter Peter Francis
Bourgeois.
Desenfans
enjoyed the trust of an outstanding French art critic and dealer of old painting,
Jean-Baptiste-Pierre
Lebrun
and of many other eminent English collectors such as Joshua Reynolds,
Abraham Hume, Lord Bessborough, Dukes of Devonshire, Portland, and Leeds. For a time he was
even an art agent of King George's brother, Duke of Gloucester. Since then
Desenfans
was an exclu¬
sive agent in all transactions and contacts of the Primate with the art circles in London. Within the
following three years until
1794,
Poniatowski did not attempt any collecting initiatives that would
not include
Desenfans
as a significant actor. With the aid of
Desenfans
the Primate completed a small
collection of paintings. The set, dispersed after
1794,
is known from accounts of 18th-century inven¬
tories and from a list drawn up by
Desenfans
himself. A closer analysis proves that some
18th-centu-
ry hypotheses as to the authorship of these paintings cannot be dismissed completely. Paintings attri¬
buted to such great masters as Paolo Veronese,
Ciro Ferri,
Giovanni Lanfranco,
Guido Reni,
Salvatore Rosa, Carlo
Maratta,
Francesco Albani, Giovanni Francesco Romanelli,
Peter
Paul
Rubens,
Anton van Dyck
—
given the low cost of purchasing the collection
—
may have been either copies or
replicas, although their authenticity as oil sketches cannot be ruled out. The evaluation of paintings
by small Dutch painters
(Bartolomeus Breenbergh,
Philips
Wouwerman,
Johannes Vorsterman) se¬
ems less complicated. This collection may have included genuine works, because of their high acces¬
sibility on the London market of the time. We do not know, however, how
Desenfans
had acquired
the paintings which he later sold to the Primate.
Contacts between
Michał
Poniatowski and
Desenfans
continued also after the Primate left Lon¬
don in
1791.
In the spring of
1792
the Primate bought a collection composed of
21
paintings which,
as before, came from an unidentified source. Two of the paintings ascribed to Rembrandt
-
Portrait
of an Old Man also called Portrait of a Judge and Portrait of an Old Woman
-
were donated by the Prima¬
te to the king, who treasured them greatly and took them to Petersburg in
1797.
Another element connected with the stay in London was a contact with the Eleanor Coade Lon¬
don manufactory of artificial stone, tied with his pursuit of a construction material that would be
resistant to erosion. Coade stones were some kind of stoneware clay, as to texture indistinguishable
from natural stone, yet far more durable. In the 1780s and the 1790s the company was at its heyday.
Its offer included architectural details, statues, and decorative sculptures, e.g. vases of the
Borghese
and Medici, Dancing Faun, the Vatican Laokoon's Group, The Famesian Bull and portrait busts, tomb¬
stones, altars, tripods, furniture, and garden accessories. Their production was based on pattern
portfolios, such as The Antiquities of Athens by James Stuart and Nicholas Revett. In February
1791
the
Primate notified King Stanislaus Augustus about the manufacture of artificial stone. He intended to
quickly open a warehouse in Warsaw, supplied by the London manufactory; the operation and super¬
vision of the warehouse was to be entrusted to the royal architect
Jakub
Kubicki. The project was
never implemented, however, for want of a decisive support of the king. Poniatowski himself orde¬
red architectural components in the manufactory (e.g. a Gothic window) earmarked for the residen¬
ce in
Jabłonna
which was being extended at that time.
In June
1791,
after the completion of a three-week tour of the major centres of English industry
and commerce, the Primate set off on a return journey to Poland. Paying visits to university centres
of Louvain and Goetingen, around mid-August he arrived in his estate in
Jabłonna.
Part III of the book (Me
liczna ale dobrana kollekcya)
[A select collection: quality before quantity]
is a presentation of the set of paintings, prints, sculptures, and arts and crafts.
The painting collection did not measure up to those gathered by the Primate's contemporaries,
either in terms of status or scope. This was a set of artworks primarily meant to furnish and decora¬
te the rooms of his two residences, i.e. the Primatial Palace in Warsaw and the summer residence in
Jabłonna.
The collection, reconstructed on the basis of archival documents, is estimated to have
numbered some
165
objects.
Prior to the Primate's departure from Poland in
1789,
the art furnishings of his palaces were re¬
latively modest and were chiefly composed of few family keepsakes. Poniatowski did not employ
painters at his court. He took advantage of the services of artists working for Stanislaus Augustus:
Paul Joseph
Bardou,
Friedrich
Anton Lohrmann,
Józef Mateusz
Pikulski,
Mateusz Tokarski, Józef
Wall. Old foreign painting was but a fraction of his collection. He bought the paintings through such
dealers as Jakob Triebel, who at the close of the 1770s sold to Stanislaus Augustus large sets of pain¬
tings he had acquired at different auctions throughout Europe.
It was only during his European tour that the Primate was truly inspired to acquire works of art. Co¬
pies of modern paintings constituted the bulk of the collection which Poniatowski brought from Italy.
Classical landscape painting was represented by landscapes by Jakob
Philipp Hackert
(views of
Ponte
Milvio and
Ponte Salario),
views of the vicinity of Naples painted by Claude-Joseph
Vernét
(or someone
from his circle), English landscapes "in the manner" of Paul and Thomas
Sandby
and views of the Villa
Borghese
by
Simone Pomardi.
In
Jabłonna
there was a landscape by Joshua Reynolds, acquired directly
form the artist. Among other contemporary paintings there were two female busts by Jean-Baptiste Greuze:
Bacchant and A Praying Woman, purchased during the Primate's stay in Paris in the autumn of
1790.
Michał
Poniatowski's set of prints grew gradually as a result of domestic purchases from Warsaw
antique book dealers and acquisitions abroad, in the course of journeys. As far as independent et¬
chings are concerned, there was a preponderance of prints from the 1780s and the early 1790s. The
collection grew on the basis of
iconographie
criteria, whereas technical considerations and artistic
value were of secondary importance for the owner. The themes ranged from portraits of the celebri¬
ties of the era, allegorical and genre scenes, and etching illustrating current political developments.
Views, architecture, and reproductive graphics were underrepresented.
Apart from a painting gallery, Poniatowski possessed a small collection of ancient and contempo¬
rary sculptures. The inventory of the Primatial Palace shows
25
sculptures and reliefs among the
movables brought from abroad; three of them may be regarded as ancient objects.
It was probably in Rome that Poniatowski bought a marble relief with a male head in profile,
originating in the 2nd of 3rd
с
A.D.,
currently in
Jabłonna.
Other sculptures of this collection
-
Sylen
with Little Dionysus, Bacchant, busts of Apollo, Ariadne, Melpomene, and Sesostris
-
were copies of
antique objects or le^-century pastiches. When in Tuscany, Poniatowski bought a relief with Baccio
Bandinelli's self-portrait, a late but refined work of this sculptor, one of the five extant works of this
kind worldwide (palace in
Jabłonna).
Opat z
San Michele
Works
representing artistic crafts were exclusively used for practical purposes in the primatial co¬
urt. In Naples Prince
Michał
bought a complete set of twelve cups of the series Dress of the Kingdom of
Naples and Two Sicilies manufactured in the last decade of the
18*
с
by Ferdinand's Royal Porcelain
Factory. The service, known in relevant literature as the
Vestiture del Regno,
testified to the "ethnic"
inspirations of the King of Naples Ferdinand IV. Antiquity was represented in the ceramics objects
gathered by Poniatowski by a magnificent biscuit dessert with Apollo's group and nine Vatican Muses,
from the Roman studio of Giovanni
Volpato.
English ceramics were represented by wares of Josiah
Wedgwood's famous
"Etruria"
factory
-
a "black earthenware and cracked" teapot and a ceramic me¬
dallion with a profile portrait of the Primate patterned after a model by Giovanni Antonio Santarelli.
Warsaw goldsmiths who worked for the Primate included: Martin Holke,
Teodor Pawłowicz,
Szymon Stanecki, and Marcin Gołębiowski,
and the jewellers were
Frantz Korn,
François Carpen-
tier, Friedrich
Jacobsohn,
and Johann
Holmberg.
An
object from Poniatowski's
collection
that can
be documented in source texts is a chalice with a paten, today in the collection of the Louvre in Paris,
made of gilt silver, enamel and lapis lazuli by
Luigi
Valadier,
brought from Rome in
1781.
Inventories of furnishings of both the Primate's palaces make a record of as many as
20
different
clocks: wall, grandfather, and mantelpiece clocks that are both pendulum-operated and rotation
ones. These were by and large items of French origin, brought by Poniatowski probably during roy¬
al imports, in the period
1764-1772.
Analysis of source texts
-
inventories, correspondence of merchant agents, customs documenta¬
tion, etc.
-
leads to a conclusion that on the background of contemporary European and domestic
collector's activities, the Primate's collection did not stand out because of some unique traits. This
was a sign of the widespread cosmopolitism and of rather conventional tastes, which at the turn of
the
19*
с
were shared by all art lovers. The historical significance of the set of artworks stems pri¬
marily from the numerous and close ties with the collection of Stanislaus Augustus, which the Pri¬
mate tried to extend on an ongoing basis. However, adverse fate is responsible for the fact that the
only testimony to Poniatowski's activity as an art collector is provided by single paintings from the
royal gallery, brought by him and donated to Stanislaus Augustus. These are portraits of Francis Ba¬
con (attributed to
Frans Pourbus
the Younger), Shakespeare, Isaac Newton (attributed to Godfrey
Kneller), Duchess Santacroce (Angelica Kauffmann), and Poetry by Giuseppe
Sacconi,
currently on
display in the National Museum in Warsaw and in the
Łazienki
Royal Palace. The portrait of Era¬
smus of Rotterdam, regarded in the 18th
с
as a work by
Georg
Penez,
was purchased from the Pri¬
mate's heirs by
Kazimierz Rzewuski
in
1815,
later in the Vienna collection of
Karol Lanckoroński,
where it was preserved for many decades, but was lost after World War II.
The book concludes with the chapter
Sukcesja
[Succession], devoted to the bequest process and
a gradual dispersal of the Primate's artworks, which took place after
1794.
The evacuation of the col¬
lection began within mere months after his death, in August
1794,
as the Primatial Palace in Warsaw
was being taken over by Prussian authorities. Part of the collection was plundered and destroyed in
Jabłonna
in the wake of a chaos during and after the
Kościuszko Insurgence.
When in turn the collec¬
tion was passed on to the Primate's nephew, Prince
Józef
Poniatowski, it was sold in part in the late
1790s. Close to thirty paintings of Prince
Józef
Poniatowski's estate after his death in
1813
were mer¬
ged with the rest of King Stanislaus Augustus' estate and pursuant to a decision of the general successor
of the prince, his sister Maria Teresa Tyszkiewiczowa, were sold at auctions in the period
1814-1821. |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Sołtys, Angela 1964- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1108116426 |
| author_facet | Sołtys, Angela 1964- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Sołtys, Angela 1964- |
| author_variant | a s as |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV035429979 |
| contents | Bibliogr. s. 258-270. Indeks |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)316496346 (DE-599)BVBBV035429979 |
| era | Geschichte 1789-1791 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1789-1791 |
| format | Book |
| fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>00000nam a2200000 c 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV035429979</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20210811</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t|</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">090409s2008 xx ab|| |||| 00||| pol d</controlfield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9788370221775</subfield><subfield code="9">978-83-7022-177-5</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)316496346</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV035429979</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rakwb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">pol</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-12</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-255</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-Y2</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">7,41</subfield><subfield code="2">ssgn</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">2.2</subfield><subfield code="2">KUBA2</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Sołtys, Angela</subfield><subfield code="d">1964-</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)1108116426</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Opat z San Michele</subfield><subfield code="b">Grand Tour prymasa Poniatowskiego i jego kolekcje</subfield><subfield code="c">Angela Sołtys</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Warszawa</subfield><subfield code="b">Zamek Królewski</subfield><subfield code="c">2008</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">297 S.</subfield><subfield code="b">Ill., Kt.</subfield><subfield code="c">26 cm</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Zsfassung in engl. Sprache</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Bibliogr. s. 258-270. Indeks</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="600" ind1="1" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Poniatowski, Michał Jerzy / (1736-1794)</subfield><subfield code="2">jhpk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="600" ind1="1" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Poniatowski, Michał Jerzy / (1736-1794) / kolekcje dzieł sztuki</subfield><subfield code="2">jhpk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="600" ind1="1" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Poniatowski, Michał Jerzy <1736-1794> - kolekcje dzieł sztuki</subfield><subfield code="2">jhpk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="600" ind1="1" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Poniatowski, Michał Jerzy <1736-1794></subfield><subfield code="2">jhpk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="600" ind1="1" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Poniatowski, Michał Jerzy</subfield><subfield code="d">1736-1794</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)119310155</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="648" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Geschichte 1789-1791</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Bildungsreise</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4069466-5</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Italien</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4027833-5</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="655" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4006804-3</subfield><subfield code="a">Biografie</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd-content</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Poniatowski, Michał Jerzy</subfield><subfield code="d">1736-1794</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)119310155</subfield><subfield code="D">p</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Italien</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4027833-5</subfield><subfield code="D">g</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Bildungsreise</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4069466-5</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Geschichte 1789-1791</subfield><subfield code="A">z</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017350387&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Inhaltsverzeichnis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017350387&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Abstract</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="940" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="n">oe</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">929</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="f">09033</subfield><subfield code="g">438</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="943" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-017350387</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
| genre | (DE-588)4006804-3 Biografie gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Biografie |
| geographic | Italien (DE-588)4027833-5 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Italien |
| id | DE-604.BV035429979 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2025-01-02T17:12:17Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788370221775 |
| language | Polish |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-017350387 |
| oclc_num | 316496346 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-255 DE-Y2 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-255 DE-Y2 |
| physical | 297 S. Ill., Kt. 26 cm |
| publishDate | 2008 |
| publishDateSearch | 2008 |
| publishDateSort | 2008 |
| publisher | Zamek Królewski |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Sołtys, Angela 1964- Verfasser (DE-588)1108116426 aut Opat z San Michele Grand Tour prymasa Poniatowskiego i jego kolekcje Angela Sołtys Warszawa Zamek Królewski 2008 297 S. Ill., Kt. 26 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zsfassung in engl. Sprache Bibliogr. s. 258-270. Indeks Poniatowski, Michał Jerzy / (1736-1794) jhpk Poniatowski, Michał Jerzy / (1736-1794) / kolekcje dzieł sztuki jhpk Poniatowski, Michał Jerzy <1736-1794> - kolekcje dzieł sztuki jhpk Poniatowski, Michał Jerzy <1736-1794> jhpk Poniatowski, Michał Jerzy 1736-1794 (DE-588)119310155 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1789-1791 gnd rswk-swf Bildungsreise (DE-588)4069466-5 gnd rswk-swf Italien (DE-588)4027833-5 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4006804-3 Biografie gnd-content Poniatowski, Michał Jerzy 1736-1794 (DE-588)119310155 p DE-604 Italien (DE-588)4027833-5 g Bildungsreise (DE-588)4069466-5 s Geschichte 1789-1791 z Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017350387&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017350387&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Sołtys, Angela 1964- Opat z San Michele Grand Tour prymasa Poniatowskiego i jego kolekcje Bibliogr. s. 258-270. Indeks Poniatowski, Michał Jerzy / (1736-1794) jhpk Poniatowski, Michał Jerzy / (1736-1794) / kolekcje dzieł sztuki jhpk Poniatowski, Michał Jerzy <1736-1794> - kolekcje dzieł sztuki jhpk Poniatowski, Michał Jerzy <1736-1794> jhpk Poniatowski, Michał Jerzy 1736-1794 (DE-588)119310155 gnd Bildungsreise (DE-588)4069466-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)119310155 (DE-588)4069466-5 (DE-588)4027833-5 (DE-588)4006804-3 |
| title | Opat z San Michele Grand Tour prymasa Poniatowskiego i jego kolekcje |
| title_auth | Opat z San Michele Grand Tour prymasa Poniatowskiego i jego kolekcje |
| title_exact_search | Opat z San Michele Grand Tour prymasa Poniatowskiego i jego kolekcje |
| title_full | Opat z San Michele Grand Tour prymasa Poniatowskiego i jego kolekcje Angela Sołtys |
| title_fullStr | Opat z San Michele Grand Tour prymasa Poniatowskiego i jego kolekcje Angela Sołtys |
| title_full_unstemmed | Opat z San Michele Grand Tour prymasa Poniatowskiego i jego kolekcje Angela Sołtys |
| title_short | Opat z San Michele |
| title_sort | opat z san michele grand tour prymasa poniatowskiego i jego kolekcje |
| title_sub | Grand Tour prymasa Poniatowskiego i jego kolekcje |
| topic | Poniatowski, Michał Jerzy / (1736-1794) jhpk Poniatowski, Michał Jerzy / (1736-1794) / kolekcje dzieł sztuki jhpk Poniatowski, Michał Jerzy <1736-1794> - kolekcje dzieł sztuki jhpk Poniatowski, Michał Jerzy <1736-1794> jhpk Poniatowski, Michał Jerzy 1736-1794 (DE-588)119310155 gnd Bildungsreise (DE-588)4069466-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Poniatowski, Michał Jerzy / (1736-1794) Poniatowski, Michał Jerzy / (1736-1794) / kolekcje dzieł sztuki Poniatowski, Michał Jerzy <1736-1794> - kolekcje dzieł sztuki Poniatowski, Michał Jerzy <1736-1794> Poniatowski, Michał Jerzy 1736-1794 Bildungsreise Italien Biografie |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017350387&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017350387&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sołtysangela opatzsanmichelegrandtourprymasaponiatowskiegoijegokolekcje |