Narodowa Demokracja wobec kwestii żydowskiej na ziemiach polskich przed I wojną światową:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Polish |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Wrocław
Wydawnictwo Akademii Ekonomicznej im. Oskara Langego we Wrocławiiu
2007
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T:: National Democracy towards the Jewish issue in Polish lands before the First World War |
| Beschreibung: | 309 s. 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 9788370118952 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Narodowa Demokracja wobec kwestii żydowskiej na ziemiach polskich przed I wojną światową |c Mieczysław Sobczak |
| 264 | 1 | |a Wrocław |b Wydawnictwo Akademii Ekonomicznej im. Oskara Langego we Wrocławiiu |c 2007 | |
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| 500 | |a Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T:: National Democracy towards the Jewish issue in Polish lands before the First World War | ||
| 505 | 0 | |a Bibliogr. s. 279-298. Indeks | |
| 610 | 1 | 7 | |a Narodowa Demokracja / i Żydzi |2 jhpk |
| 610 | 1 | 7 | |a Narodowa Demokracja - i Żydzi |2 jhpk |
| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 1870-1914 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Żydzi / Polska / 1870-1914 |2 jhpk | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Żydzi / polityka rządowa / Polska / 1870-1914 |2 jhpk | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Żydzi - Polska - 1870-1914 |2 jhpk | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Żydzi - polityka rządowa - Polska - 1870-1914 |2 jhpk | |
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| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Narodowa Demokracja |0 (DE-588)4614679-9 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804138829542588416 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Spis treści
Wstęp
__________________________________________________________ 11
Część pierwsza
Ogólna charakterystyka stanu stosunków polsko-żydowskich
na ziemiach polskich w drugiej połowie
XIX
wieku
Rozdział
1.
Kwestia żydowska w zaborach rosyjskim, austriackim i pruskim
25
1.1.
W Królestwie Polskim w okresie pozytywizmu
---------------------------------- 25
1.2.
Problemy w procesie zbliżania polsko-żydowskiego w Królestwie Polskim
30
1.3.
Stan stosunków polsko-żydowskich w Galicji
________________________ 37
1.4.
Położenie Polaków i Żydów w zaborze praskim
---------------------------------- 44
Rozdział
2.
Problem koncepcji asymilacyjnej Żydów wobec rozwoju syjo¬
nizmu w Polsce na przełomie
XIX
i
XX
wieku
-------------------------------------- 56
2.1.
Żydowski prąd narodowy w krajach Europy Zachodniej i w Rosji
------------ 56
2.2.
Początki nurtu narodowego wśród Żydów na ziemiach polskich. Krytyka ze
strony zwolenników programu asymilacji
---------------------------------------- 63
Część druga
Narodowa Demokracja wobec kwestii żydowskiej do roku
1905
Rozdział
1.
Problem żydowski na przełomie
XIX
i
XX
wieku w ocenie
tworzącego się polskiego ruchu narodowego
--------------------------------------- 83
1.1.
Interpretacja tematyki żydowskiej przed powstaniem Ligi Narodowej
w
1893
roku
___________________________:--------------------------------- 83
1.2.
Polityczne przyczyny pogorszenia stanu stosunków polsko-żydowskich. En¬
decka ocena postawy Żydów w poszczególnych zaborach
______________ 87
Rozdział
2.
Kwestia żydowska na tle rozważań narodowych demokratów
0 „narodzie , „interesie narodowym i asymilacji Żydów na przełomie
XIX
1
XX
wieku
_____.------------------------------------------------------------------------ 106
2.1.
Nacjonalistyczne rozumienie tożsamości i suwerenności narodu jako wa¬
runek poprawienia kondycji narodowej Polaków
-------------------------------- 106
2.2.
Zasady postępowania wobec narodowości niepolskich w świetle założeń
ideowo-politycznych nurtu narodowodemokratycznego
------------------------ 112
Rozdział
3.
Problem żydowski w programowych ujęciach Narodowej
Demokracji
___________------------------------------------------------------------- 119
3.1.
Kształtowanie podstaw programowych Narodowej Demokracji wobec kwe¬
stii żydowskiej
_-------------------------------------------------------------------- 119
8__________________________________________________________
3.2.
Kwestia żydowska w programie Stronnictwa Demokratyczno-Narodowego
w zaborze rosyjskim
(1903)--------------------------------------------------------- 131
3.3.
Interpretacja problemu żydowskiego w Galicji. Program Stronnictwa Demo¬
kratyczno-Narodowego z
1905
roku
________________________________ 137
Część trzecia
Stronnictwo Demokratyczno-Narodowe wobec problemu żydowskiego
w Królestwie Polskim w latach
1905-1914
Rozdział
1.
W okresie zamętu rewolucyjnego i wyborów do I,
II
i III ro¬
syjskiej Dumy Państwowej
--------------------------------------------------------------- 149
1.1.
Rewolucja
1905-1907___________________________________________ 149
1.2.
Narodowi demokraci wobec kwestii żydowskiej podczas wyborów do I
i
Π
Dumy
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 162
1.3.
Interpretacja relacji polsko-żydowskich podczas akcji wyborczej do III
Dumy
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 169
Rozdział
2.
Problematyka żydowska w rozumieniu Narodowej Demokracji
na tle dążeń o uzyskanie samorządu miast i podczas wyborów do rosyjskiej
IV
Dumy Państwowej
______________________________________________ 184
2.1.
Antyżydowska postawa endecji w walce o samorządność miast zaboru
rosyjskiego
___________________________________________________ 184
2.2.
Wybory do
IV
Dumy. Polityczne przesłanki decyzji Romana Dmowskiego
o kandydowaniu. Przebieg i wynik wyborów
------------------------------------- 192
Rozdział
3.
Antysemityzm Narodowej Demokracji w kontekście sporu
0 orientacje polityczne
------------------------------------------------------------------- 198
3.1.
Charakterystyka narodowodemokratycznej analizy stosunków polsko-ży¬
dowskich. Ideologizacja kwestii żydowskiej
-------------------------------------- 198
3.2.
Przesłanki decyzji o bojkocie ekonomicznym Żydów. Wątek żydowski
w historiozofii endeckiej
________________________________________. 204
3.3.
Reakcja na antysemityzm Narodowej Demokracji
_____________________ 226
Część czwarta
Stosunek Narodowej Demokracji do kwestii żydowskiej
w zaborach austriackim i pruskim w latach
1907-1914
Rozdział
1,
Narodowościowe, społeczne i polityczne uwarunkowania dzia¬
łalności endecji w Galicji w okresie wyborów do parlamentu wiedeńskiego
1 Sejmu Krajowego
________________________________________________. 233
1.1.
Zagrożenie dla polskich interesów w Galicji Wschodniej wynikające ze
zbliżenia syjonistów z narodowcami ukraińskimi
-----------------------------— 233
1.2.
Rola elektoratu żydowskiego w endeckiej propozycji katastru narodowego
jako sposobu wzmocnienia polskości w Galicji Wschodniej
_____________. 239
Rozdział
2.
Wzrost napięcia w stosunkach endecji z Żydami galicyjskimi po
śmierci namiestnika Andrzeja Potockiego
------------------------------------------ 242
2.1.
Propaganda antyżydowska na tle konfliktu politycznego między obozem
narodowym a blokiem namiestnikowskim Michała Bobrzyńskiego
----------- 242
2.2.
Niejednolita postawa galicyjskich narodowców wobec Żydów podczas
kampanii wyborczej do Sejmu Krajowego w
1913
roku
------------------------ 247
2.3.
Walka narodowych demokratów o wpływy na wsi. Nasilenie agitacji anty¬
żydowskiej wśród chłopów
--------------------------------------------------------- 252
Rozdział
3.
Problem żydowski w zaborze pruskim na tle konfliktu polsko-
-niemieckiego. Endeckie postrzeganie kwestii żydowskiej w latach
1907-
-1914
z perspektywy zaboru pruskiego
---------------------------------------------- 259
Zakończenie
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 267
Bibliografia
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 279
Indeks osób
_____________________________________________________ 299
Summary
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 306
National
Democracy towards
the Jewish Issue in Polish Lands
before the First World War
Summary
From its beginning Polish national movement has concentrated on the issues of
national minorities. Depending on a situation in Polish lands under Russian,
Prussian and Austrian rules it more emphasized either the issue of Jews (in the
Kingdom of Poland and in Russian western provinces which belonged to Poland
before the first partition) or the issue of Ukrainians (in eastern
Galicia).
In
Galicia
the problem of Jews was also important on account of ethnic division in its eastern
part and Zionism which became more popular among the intelligentsia and young
generation of Jews. In Prussian Poland the attitude of Jewish population against the
background of the fight conducted by Poles against increasing Germanization
which threatened their national existence, was analyzed. National democrats
analyzed socio-economic and political problems from the perspective of Polish
nation interests in Prussian, Austrian and Russian parts of Poland. National
democrats were not the first who raised the issue of Jews. The change came at the
turn of the 19th and 20th centuries under the influence of political events, mainly in
the Kingdom of Poland. National democrats joined in the already existing
discussion on Jewish issues expressing basic principles of Polish national politics
towards Jews and other national minorities.
The increasing economic competition between Poles and Jews in trade, craft
and a field of finance provided the material for the analysis and conclusion on the
matter of Polish-Jewish relationship. That competition was deepened in the country
by the development of modern forms of farming introduced by cooperative
movement and was influenced by capitalist transformations. Fast disappearance of
the old, feudal class structure turned out to be too difficult and it caused
unexpected consequences. Jews usually managed better in new capitalist conditions
as they had tradition, experience and reliable organization structure in economy.
From the introduction of the Emancipation Act prepared by count
Aleksander
Wielopolski they also had more opportunities to leave their current ghettos.
Granting them equal rights and the program of solving Jewish problem through
their assimilation which was preferred by
positivists
raised at the beginning great
expectations in both societies. However, as time went by it occurred that the
closeness between Jews and Poles was not simple. Both groups doubted and were
against further and fast assimilation.
Against a background of observed phenomena a negative picture of the place
and role of Jews in the life of Poles gradually intensified. It did not, however,
caused the beginning of organized and strong ideological anti-Semitism to the end
____________________________________________________________307
of the 19th century. Polish nationalist trend started its ideological and political
activity in the situation of evident tension in Polish-Jewish relations caused by
economic reasons, stereotypical prejudice and remaining traditional distance
between both societies. The nationalists wanted to strengthen their political
position and therefore they proposed a program which announced to use the
political realism. In the program they called for breaking old-fashioned patriots
mentality off and for different understanding of patriotism. The fundamental aim
was to defend the Polish national interest based on the principle of national
egoism . The
mottos
of humanitarianism and fight for freedom of nations which
were strengthened in Polish tradition, were found false because they were not
useful for solving the Polish cause in the time of partitions. The nation as a social
and political existence became the most important from the new perspective. All
actions of individuals and social groups could not clash with the nation and its
needs. The principle of social solidarity which was essential for the nation fighting
to survive without its state came up from that assumption. The aim of the social
solidarity was to make unimportant the class struggle and the political parties
competition with harmful effects for national interests. The basic task of national
minorities in all parts of divided Poland was complete loyalty and supporting the
Poles in their fight for national existence.
Taking it into consideration a question about the quality of elements consisting
of the nation turned out to be important. The nationalists came to a conclusion
that not everybody met the criteria of being its member. Those who were thinking
not-nationally Roman Dmowski called with contempt half Poles . He also
counted the representatives of assimilated Jews to this group. In this way the
national democrats treated the
positivist
idea of soMng the issue of Jews. The
movement s negative attitude to the assimilation of Jews resulted from unbelief in
winning this way a quality element for the nation . Such a conviction stemmed
not only from the suspicion that Jews had insincere intentions but also from the
doubt in assimilation abilities of Polish nation. This evaluation required to decide
the status of Jewish population in Polish lands. The ideologists of the national
movement said about the necessity of spreading over time the solving of Jews
issue . Distrust, showing the importance of isolating Jews in contacts with Poles
with the rejection of brutal forms of pressure on them at the same time
-
these were
initial propositions of the national democrats in this respect.
The observation of Russified Jews (so called litwacy) coming to the Kingdom
of Poland was connected with the reservations towards the Jews who were
becoming assimilated. Litwacy were speaking Russian language and they were
doing business in the whole Russian empire. Poles and Polish Jews treated those
newcomers with hostility. The nationalist analysis of Polish-Jewish relations
included also the rise and development of Jewish national movement (Zionism)
and nationalist folk movement. The Zionist ideas of ethnical cultural autonomy and
own national politics aroused surprise and also irritation. Some concern appeared
308_______________________________________________________
even among people whose convictions were far from the national democrats. Poles
thought that Jews chose the false way and that it was difficult to trust them fully.
Moreover, in Poles opinion the changes among the Jews which were bad for Poles
resulted from unfavourable influence of litwacy and Zionists. It was expected that
the Jews would quickly cope with it and that everything would return to accepted
so far forms of coexistence. On account of those expectations Roman Dmowski
claimed that it was impossible to talk about litwacy or Zionist issue but the Jewish
issue in general. According to him the process which was happening among the
Jews was serious and it consisted in creating a national identity in relations with the
Poles. In comparison with the issue of litwacy and Jewish national movement it
was easier to present Jews as economic and political rivals who intended to create
Judeopolonia basis in Polish lands. In the presence of that real danger for the fight
to maintain Polish character of Polish lands and to achieve national aims it was
important to change previous perception of the role of Jews in the Polish relations.
The differences in the reality assessment caused divergences between the aims
of Polish and Jewish policy. Their example was a difference in the attitude of
Polish and Jewish students towards the strikes at Russian universities in
1900
and
1901.
The same situation repeated during the revolution
1905-1907.
Not without a
reason Jews thought that in both cases all steps should have been taken to make the
relations in Russia more democratic. The democratization of Russian system was
also beneficial for Polish interests. However, from the Polish perspective full
support for the events in Russia would have meant the acceptance of the position of
the Kingdom of Poland as an organic part of the tsars empire. Because of strategic
national interest such policy was out of the question. From that perspective the
attitude of Jewish students and prorevolutionary attitude of Jews were critically
assessed. At that time the interpretation of Polish-Jewish relations did not result
from ideological discussion on the nation but from the assessment of policy of
Jews which did not take into consideration the interest of the nation they were
living in and which was even directed against them. The agreement between
Zionists in eastern
Galicia
and Ukrainian nationalists during the first general
elections to the parliament in Vienna in
1907
was perceived the same. That
agreement weakened the political position of Poles in that area.
The political aspect of the Jewish problem emerged also during elections to the
Russian State Duma. At first there was a conviction that it was necessary to find
modus
vivendi
with Jews if their view on the need to achieve their aims reaching an
agreement with the Poles and not with political parties in Russia (even democratic
ones
—
so called cadets, but not understanding Polish aspirations) prevailed. In
Galicia,
in spite of negative assessment of political agreements between Zionists
and Ukrainian nationalists, in their calculations the national democrats took the
cooperation of Jews with Poles into consideration. The situation started to change
some years before the outbreak of the world war. In the Kingdom of Poland which
did not manage to gain the status of autonomy, there was a chance of having
________________________________________________________309
municipal
government. For the National Democracy cities were specially
important. In their development the party members perceived the civilization
improvement of the country and updating social and economic relations.
Introducing democratic elections could have resulted in gaining the majority in
municipal councils by the Jews, who constituted a large proportion in cities. Jewish
communities were mainly ruled by the assimilators who were in favour of the
cooperation with Poles. However, Zionists or nationalists from the folk party, who
were promoting their identity towards Poles, had more and more influence among
the Jewish masses and young intelligentsia. It was unthinkable for the national
democrats to let Jews rule in the cities. In the national democrats opinion it was
dangerous for the aims of Polish policy. Therefore, they were in favour of the
propositions of the conservative circles in Russia which called for the limitation of
the number of seats for Jews in municipal councils. The conflict between Poles and
Jews deepened in
1912
during the elections to the IV State Duma. The electoral
law granted the Jews the majority in the electoral college which was electing a
Member of Parliament from Warsaw. When it happened national democrats
organized an economic boycott of Jews as a reaction of imposing on Poles an
unwanted Member of Parliament in the capital city (the symbol of Poland). That
boycott increased the social support towards national democrats.
Just enough rational attitude towards the issue of Jews during the first elections
to the Duma changed also because of Polish political orientations. During their
fight to increase the political influence national democrats proposed a thesis
concerning the influence of Jewish thought and policy on the actions of different
parties. It concerned mainly left-wing parties and the most serious rival in the fight
to power
-
the supporters of Pilsudski and the whole independence camp. Not
being able to state directly that independence orientation was anti-national, national
democrats undermined its Tightness emphasizing the influence of Jewish spirit,
which was leading Polish thought astray, on it. However, in spite of deepening
anti-
Jewish attitude, national democrats never appealed in the analyzed period to
riots against Jews. It was important for the relations in the Russian part of Poland
and it also differentiated the Kingdom of Poland from Russia where in the 19th and
20
century a wave pogroms of Jews occurred.
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Sobczak, Mieczysław |
| author_facet | Sobczak, Mieczysław |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Sobczak, Mieczysław |
| author_variant | m s ms |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV035401647 |
| contents | Bibliogr. s. 279-298. Indeks |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)233518464 (DE-599)BVBBV035401647 |
| era | Geschichte 1870-1914 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1870-1914 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Polska / polityka i rządy / 1870-1914 jhpk Polska - polityka i rządy - 1870-1914 jhpk |
| geographic_facet | Polska / polityka i rządy / 1870-1914 Polska - polityka i rządy - 1870-1914 |
| id | DE-604.BV035401647 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:34:24Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788370118952 |
| language | Polish |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-017322283 |
| oclc_num | 233518464 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 309 s. 24 cm |
| publishDate | 2007 |
| publishDateSearch | 2007 |
| publishDateSort | 2007 |
| publisher | Wydawnictwo Akademii Ekonomicznej im. Oskara Langego we Wrocławiiu |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Sobczak, Mieczysław Verfasser aut Narodowa Demokracja wobec kwestii żydowskiej na ziemiach polskich przed I wojną światową Mieczysław Sobczak Wrocław Wydawnictwo Akademii Ekonomicznej im. Oskara Langego we Wrocławiiu 2007 309 s. 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T:: National Democracy towards the Jewish issue in Polish lands before the First World War Bibliogr. s. 279-298. Indeks Narodowa Demokracja / i Żydzi jhpk Narodowa Demokracja - i Żydzi jhpk Geschichte 1870-1914 gnd rswk-swf Żydzi / Polska / 1870-1914 jhpk Żydzi / polityka rządowa / Polska / 1870-1914 jhpk Żydzi - Polska - 1870-1914 jhpk Żydzi - polityka rządowa - Polska - 1870-1914 jhpk Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 gnd rswk-swf Narodowa Demokracja (DE-588)4614679-9 gnd rswk-swf Polska / polityka i rządy / 1870-1914 jhpk Polska - polityka i rządy - 1870-1914 jhpk Narodowa Demokracja (DE-588)4614679-9 s Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 s Geschichte 1870-1914 z DE-604 Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017322283&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017322283&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Sobczak, Mieczysław Narodowa Demokracja wobec kwestii żydowskiej na ziemiach polskich przed I wojną światową Bibliogr. s. 279-298. Indeks Narodowa Demokracja / i Żydzi jhpk Narodowa Demokracja - i Żydzi jhpk Żydzi / Polska / 1870-1914 jhpk Żydzi / polityka rządowa / Polska / 1870-1914 jhpk Żydzi - Polska - 1870-1914 jhpk Żydzi - polityka rządowa - Polska - 1870-1914 jhpk Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 gnd Narodowa Demokracja (DE-588)4614679-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4028808-0 (DE-588)4614679-9 |
| title | Narodowa Demokracja wobec kwestii żydowskiej na ziemiach polskich przed I wojną światową |
| title_auth | Narodowa Demokracja wobec kwestii żydowskiej na ziemiach polskich przed I wojną światową |
| title_exact_search | Narodowa Demokracja wobec kwestii żydowskiej na ziemiach polskich przed I wojną światową |
| title_full | Narodowa Demokracja wobec kwestii żydowskiej na ziemiach polskich przed I wojną światową Mieczysław Sobczak |
| title_fullStr | Narodowa Demokracja wobec kwestii żydowskiej na ziemiach polskich przed I wojną światową Mieczysław Sobczak |
| title_full_unstemmed | Narodowa Demokracja wobec kwestii żydowskiej na ziemiach polskich przed I wojną światową Mieczysław Sobczak |
| title_short | Narodowa Demokracja wobec kwestii żydowskiej na ziemiach polskich przed I wojną światową |
| title_sort | narodowa demokracja wobec kwestii zydowskiej na ziemiach polskich przed i wojna swiatowa |
| topic | Narodowa Demokracja / i Żydzi jhpk Narodowa Demokracja - i Żydzi jhpk Żydzi / Polska / 1870-1914 jhpk Żydzi / polityka rządowa / Polska / 1870-1914 jhpk Żydzi - Polska - 1870-1914 jhpk Żydzi - polityka rządowa - Polska - 1870-1914 jhpk Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 gnd Narodowa Demokracja (DE-588)4614679-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Narodowa Demokracja / i Żydzi Narodowa Demokracja - i Żydzi Żydzi / Polska / 1870-1914 Żydzi / polityka rządowa / Polska / 1870-1914 Żydzi - Polska - 1870-1914 Żydzi - polityka rządowa - Polska - 1870-1914 Juden Narodowa Demokracja Polska / polityka i rządy / 1870-1914 Polska - polityka i rządy - 1870-1914 |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017322283&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017322283&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sobczakmieczysław narodowademokracjawobeckwestiizydowskiejnaziemiachpolskichprzediwojnaswiatowa |